Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in relation to soil geochemistry, northern California
A. E. McCafferty, B. S. Van Gosen
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 1524-1537
Serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated soils in northern California are characterized by high concentrations of Cr and Ni, low levels of radioelements (K, Th, and U) and high amounts of ferrimagnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Geophysical attributes over ultramafic rocks, which include airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly data, are quantified and...
TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission
A. Coustenis, S.K. Atreya, T. Balint, R. H. Brown, M.K. Dougherty, F. Ferri, M. Fulchignoni, D. Gautier, R.A. Gowen, C.A. Griffith, L.I. Gurvits, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, M.R. Leese, J. I. Lunine, C.P. McKay, X. Moussas, I. Muller-Wodarg, F. Neubauer, T.C. Owen, F. Raulin, E.C. Sittler, F. Sohl, Christophe Sotin, G. Tobie, T. Tokano, E. P. Turtle, J.-E. Wahlund, J.H. Waite, K. H. Baines, J. E. Blamont, A.J. Coates, I. Dandouras, T. Krimigis, E. Lellouch, R. D. Lorenz, A. Morse, C.C. Porco, M. Hirtzig, J. Saur, T. Spilker, J.C. Zarnecki, E. Choi, N. Achilleos, R. Amils, P. Annan, D.H. Atkinson, Y. Benilan, C. Bertucci, B. Bezard, G.L. Bjoraker, M. Blanc, L. Boireau, J. Bouman, M. Cabane, M.T. Capria, E. Chassefiere, P. Coll, M. Combes, J.F. Cooper, A. Coradini, F. Crary, T. Cravens, I.A. Daglis, E. de Angelis, C. De Bergh, I. de Pater, C. Dunford, G. Durry, O. Dutuit, D. Fairbrother, F.M. Flasar, A.D. Fortes, R. Frampton, M. Fujimoto, M. Galand, O. Grasset, M. Grott, T. Haltigin, A. Herique, F. Hersant, H. Hussmann, W. Ip, R. Johnson, E. Kallio, S. Kempf, M. Knapmeyer, W. Kofman, R. Koop, T. Kostiuk, N. Krupp, M. Kuppers, H. Lammer, L.-M. Lara, P. Lavvas, Stéphane Le Mouélic, S. Lebonnois, S. Ledvina, Ji Li, T.A. Livengood, R.M. Lopes, J. #NAME? Lopez-Moreno, D. Luz, P.R. Mahaffy, U. Mall, J. Martinez-Frias, B. Marty, T. McCord, C.M. Salvan, A. Milillo, D.G. Mitchell, R. Modolo, O. Mousis, M. Nakamura, Catherine D. Neish, C.A. Nixon, D.N. Mvondo, G. Orton, M. Paetzold, J. Pitman, S. Pogrebenko, W. Pollard, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Rannou, K. Reh, L. Richter, F.T. Robb, R. Rodrigo, S. Rodriguez, P. Romani, M.R. Bermejo, E.T. Sarris, P. Schenk, B. Schmitt, N. Schmitz, D. Schulze-Makuch, K. Schwingenschuh, A. Selig, B. Sicardy, L. Soderblom, L.J. Spilker, D. Stam, A. Steele, K. Stephan, D.F. Strobel, K. Szego, Szopa
2009, Experimental Astronomy (23) 893-946
TandEM was proposed as an L-class (large) mission in response to ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call, and accepted for further studies, with the goal of exploring Titan and Enceladus. The mission concept is to perform in situ investigations of two worlds tied together by location and properties, whose remarkable natures...
A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions
Larry G. Mastin, Marianne C. Guffanti, R. Servranckx, P. Webley, S. Barsotti, K. Dean, A. Durant, John W. Ewert, A. Neri, W.I. Rose, David J. Schneider, Lee Siebert, B. Stunder, G. Swanson, A. Tupper, A. Volentik, Christopher F. Waythomas
2009, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (186) 10-21
During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called “eruption source parameters”, such as plume height H,...
Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA
John Lyons, Troy Zorn, Jana S. Stewart, Paul W. Seelbach, Kevin Wehrly, Lizhu Wang
2009, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (29) 1130-1151
Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater “trout” streams and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temperate regions but are poorly understood. We used modeled water temperature data and fish assemblage samples from 371 stream sites in Michigan and Wisconsin to define, describe, and map coolwater streams...
Evolutionary relationships among sympatric life history forms of Dolly Varden inhabiting the landlocked Kronotsky Lake, Kamchatka, and a neighboring anadromous population
C.O. Ostberg, S.D. Pavlov, L. Hauser
2009, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (138) 1-14
We investigated the evolutionary relationships among five sympatric morphs of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma (white, Schmidti, longhead, river, and dwarf) inhabiting landlocked Kronotsky Lake on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, and an anadromous population below the barrier waterfall on the outflowing Kronotsky River. Morphological analyses indicated phenotypic differentiation corresponding to preferred...
Derivation of habitat-specific dissolved oxygen criteria for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries
Richard A. Batiuk, Denise L. Breitburg, Robert J. Diaz, Thomas M. Cronin, David H. Secor, Glen Thursby
2009, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (381) S204-S215
The Chesapeake 2000 Agreement committed its state and federal signatories to “define the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources” in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) and its tidal tributaries. Hypoxia is one of the key water quality issues addressed as a result of the above Agreement. This paper...
Monitoring benthic aIgal communides: A comparison of targeted and coefficient sampling methods
Matthew S. Edwards, M. Tim Tinker
2009, Algae (24) 111-120
Choosing an appropriate sample unit is a fundamental decision in the design of ecological studies. While numerous methods have been developed to estimate organism abundance, they differ in cost, accuracy and precision.Using both field data and computer simulation modeling, we evaluated the costs and benefits associated with two methods commonly...
Evaluation of strobe lights to reduce turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington
Tobias J. Kock, Scott D. Evans, Theresa L. Liedtke, Dennis W. Rondorf, Mike Kohn
2009, Northwest Science (83) 308-314
We conducted a radiotelemetry evaluation to determine if strobe lights could be used to decrease turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington. We found that radio-tagged juvenile steelhead approached and entered two spillbays (one lighted, one unlighted) in equal proportions. However, the presence of strobe...
Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle
N. Aubin-Horth, B. H. Letcher, H.A. Hofmann
2009, General and Comparative Endocrinology (163) 278-284
How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants...
Allogenic sedimentary components of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho
J. G. Rosenbaum, W.E. Dean, R. L. Reynolds, M.C. Reheis
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 145-168
Bear Lake is a long-lived lake filling a tectonic depression between the Bear River Range to the west and the Bear River Plateau to the east, and straddling the border between Utah and Idaho. Mineralogy, elemental geochemistry, and magnetic properties provide information about variations in provenance of allogenic lithic material...
Managing water to protect fish: A review of California's environmental water account, 2001-2005
L. R. Brown, W. Kimmerer, R. Brown
2009, Environmental Management (43) 357-368
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into...
Lagrangian sampling for emerging contaminants through an urban stream corridor in Colorado
J.B. Brown, W.A. Battaglin, R.E. Zuellig
2009, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (45) 68-82
Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of...
Essentials of iron, chromium, and calcium isotope analysis of natural materials by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
M.S. Fantle, T.D. Bullen
2009, Chemical Geology (258) 50-64
The use of isotopes to understand the behavior of metals in geological, hydrological, and biological systems has rapidly expanded in recent years. One of the mass spectrometric techniques used to analyze metal isotopes is thermal ionization mass spectrometry, or TIMS. While TIMS has been a useful analytical technique for the...
Interactive effects of fire, soil climate, and moss on CO2 fluxes in black spruce ecosystems of interior Alaska
Jonathan A. O’Donnell, Merritt R. Turetsky, Jennifer W. Harden, Kristen L. Manies, L.E. Pruett, Gordon Shetler, Jason C. Neff
2009, Ecosystems (12) 57-72
Fire is an important control on the carbon (C) balance of the boreal forest region. Here, we present findings from two complementary studies that examine how fire modifies soil organic matter properties, and how these modifications influence rates of decomposition and C exchange in black spruce (Picea mariana)...
Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California
J. Franklin, K.E. Wejnert, S.A. Hathaway, C.J. Rochester, Robert N. Fisher
2009, Diversity and Distributions (15) 167-177
Aim: Several studies have found that more accurate predictive models of species' occurrences can be developed for rarer species; however, one recent study found the relationship between range size and model performance to be an artefact of sample prevalence, that is, the proportion of presence versus absence observations in the...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA
J.F. Bratton, J.K. Böhlke, D.E. Krantz, C.R. Tobias
2009, Marine Chemistry (113) 78-92
To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8 m thick...
Zooplankton assemblages in montane lakes and ponds of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA
G.L. Larson, R. Hoffman, C. D. McIntire, G. Lienkaemper, B. Samora
2009, Journal of Plankton Research (31) 273-285
Water quality and zooplankton samples were collected during the ice-free periods between 1988 and 2005 from 103 oligotrophic montane lakes and ponds located in low forest to alpine vegetation zones in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington State, USA. Collectively, 45 rotifer and 44 crustacean taxa were identified. Most of the...
Hydrograph separation for karst watersheds using a two-domain rainfall-discharge model
Andrew J. Long
2009, Journal of Hydrology (364) 249-256
Highly parameterized, physically based models may be no more effective at simulating the relations between rainfall and outflow from karst watersheds than are simpler models. Here an antecedent rainfall and convolution model was used to separate a karst watershed hydrograph into two outflow components: one originating from focused recharge in...
A case study of two M~5 mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the footprint of an aftershock sequence larger than we think?
Karen R. Fritts, Debi Kilb
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 2721-2735
It has been traditionally held that aftershocks occur within one to two fault lengths of the mainshock. Here we demonstrate that this perception has been shaped by the sensitivity of seismic networks. The 31 October 2001 Mw 5.0 and 12 June 2005 Mw 5.2 Anza mainshocks in southern California occurred in the middle of...
Shifts in lake N: P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition
J.J. Elser, T. Andersen, Jill Baron, A.-K. Bergstrom, M. Jansson, M. Kyle, K. R. Nydick, L. Steger, D.O. Hessen
2009, Science (326) 835-837
Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in...
Developing consistent Landsat data sets for large area applications: the MRLC 2001 protocol
G. Chander, Chengquan Huang, Limin Yang, Collin G. Homer, C. Larson
2009, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (6) 777-781
One of the major efforts in large area land cover mapping over the last two decades was the completion of two U.S. National Land Cover Data sets (NLCD), developed with nominal 1992 and 2001 Landsat imagery under the auspices of the MultiResolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. Following the successful generation...
Patterns of forest succession and impacts of flood in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem
Y. Yin, Y. Wu, S.M. Bartell, R. Cosgriff
2009, Ecological Complexity (6) 463-472
The widespread loss of oak-hickory forests and the impacts of flood have been major issues of ecological interest concerning forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. The data analysis from two comprehensive field surveys indicated that Quercus was one of the dominant genera in the UMR floodplain ecosystem...
Spatially detailed quantification of metal loading for decision making: Metal mass loading to American fork and Mary Ellen Gulch, Utah
B. A. Kimball, R.L. Runkel
2009, Mine Water and the Environment (28) 274-290
Effective remediation requires an understanding of the relative contributions of metals from all sources in a catchment, and that understanding must be based on a spatially detailed quantification of metal loading. A traditional approach to quantifying metal loading has been to measure discharge and chemistry at a catchment outlet. This...
Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform
Y. Luo, J. Xia, R. D. Miller, Y. Xu, J. Liu, Q. Liu
2009, Geophysical Journal International (179) 254-264
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave...
