Osmium isotope and highly siderophile element systematics of lunar impact melt breccias: Implications for the late accretion history of the Moon and Earth
I.S. Puchtel, R.J. Walker, O.B. James, D.A. Kring
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 3022-3042
To characterize the compositions of materials accreted to the Earth-Moon system between about 4.5 and 3.8 Ga, we have determined Os isotopic compositions and some highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) abundances in 48 subsamples of six lunar breccias. These are: Apollo 17 poikilitic melt...
Response in the water quality of the Salton Sea, California, to changes in phosphorus loading: An empirical modeling approach
Dale M. Robertson, S.G. Schladow
2008, Hydrobiologia (604) 5-19
Salton Sea, California, like many other lakes, has become eutrophic because of excessive nutrient loading, primarily phosphorus (P). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is being prepared for P to reduce the input of P to the Sea. In order to better understand how P-load reductions should affect the average...
Modelling chemical depletion profiles in regolith
S.L. Brantley, J. Bandstra, Jeff Moore, A. F. White
2008, Geoderma (145) 494-504
Chemical or mineralogical profiles in regolith display reaction fronts that document depletion of leachable elements or minerals. A generalized equation employing lumped parameters was derived to model such ubiquitously observed patterns:C = frac(C0, frac(C0 - Cx = 0, Cx = 0) exp (??ini ?? over(k, ??) ?? x) + 1)Here...
A short working distance multiple crystal x-ray spectrometer
B. Dickinson, G.T. Seidler, Z.W. Webb, J.A. Bradley, K.P. Nagle, S.M. Heald, R.A. Gordon, I.-M. Chou
2008, Review of Scientific Instruments (79)
For x-ray spot sizes of a few tens of microns or smaller, a millimeter-sized flat analyzer crystal placed ???1 cm from the sample will exhibit high energy resolution while subtending a collection solid angle comparable to that of a typical spherically bent crystal analyzer (SBCA) at much larger working distances....
An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation
M. Chen, S. Liu, L.L. Tieszen, D.Y. Hollinger
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 317-326
Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure...
Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study
E. Valsami-Jones, D. Berhanu, A. Dybowska, S. Misra, A.R. Boccaccini, T.D. Tetley, S. N. Luoma, J.A. Plant
2008, Conference Paper, Mineralogical Magazine
In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due...
Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability: Attributes of the snake, environment and trap
V.L. Boyarski, J. A. Savidge, G.H. Rodda
2008, Applied Herpetology (5) 47-61
We examined three classes of factors that may influence brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) trappability on Guam: (1) attributes of the snake, (2) attributes of the environment and (3) attributes of the trap. The attributes of the snake we considered included body condition, length and sex. Heavier snakes for a given...
The evolution of volcano-hosted geothermal systems based on deep wells from Karaha-Telaga Bodas, Indonesia
J.N. Moore, R.G. Allis, M. Nemcok, T.S. Powell, C.J. Bruton, P.E. Wannamaker, I.B. Raharjo, D.I. Norman
2008, American Journal of Science (308) 1-48
Temperature and pressure surveys, fluid samples, and petrologic analyses of rock samples from deep drill holes at the Karaha - Telaga Bodas geothermal field on the volcanic ridge extending northward from Galunggung Volcano, West Java, have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the evolution of an active volcano-hosted geothermal system....
Dating groundwater with trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride (SF 5CF3), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), CF 3Cl (CFC-13), and CF2Cl2 (CFC-12)
E. Busenberg, Niel Plummer
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
[1] A new groundwater dating procedure using the transient atmospheric signal of the environmental tracers SF5CF3, CFC-13, SF6, and CFC-12 was developed. The analytical procedure determines concentrations of the four tracers in air and water samples. SF 5CF3 and CFC-13 can be used to date groundwaters in some environments where...
Storm-generated coral fragments - A viable source of transplants for reef rehabilitation
V. Garrison, G. Ward
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 3089-3100
Coral reefs throughout the world have been damaged by storms, diseases, coral predators, temperature anomalies, and human activities. During the past three decades, recovery has been limited and patchy. Although a damaged coral reef cannot be restored to its original condition, interest in reef restoration is increasing. In a pilot...
Influences of fragmentation on three species of native warmwater fishes in a Colorado River Basin headwater stream system, Wyoming
R.I. Compton, W.A. Hubert, F.J. Rahel, M.C. Quist, M.R. Bower
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1733-1743
We investigated the effects of constructed instream structures on movements and demographics of bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, and roundtail chub Gila robusta in the upstream portion of Muddy Creek, an isolated headwater stream system in the upper Colorado River basin of Wyoming. Our objectives were to...
Patterns of volcanotectonic seismicity and stress during the ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (1995-2007)
D.C. Roman, S. De Angelis, J.L. Latchman, Rickie White
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (173) 230-244
The ongoing eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, has been accompanied throughout by varying levels of high-frequency, ‘volcanotectonic’ (VT), seismicity. These earthquakes reflect the brittle response of the host rock to stresses generated within the magmatic system and thus reveal interesting and useful information about the structure of the...
Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering
David P. Hill
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 66-92
Dynamic stresses associated with crustal surface waves with 15-30-sec periods and peak amplitudes < 1 MPa are capable of triggering seismicity at sites remote from the generating mainshock under appropriate conditions. Coulomb failure models based on a frictional strength threshold offer one explanation for instances of rapid-onset triggered seismicity that...
Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics
J. Liu, S. Liu, Thomas R. Loveland, L.L. Tieszen
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 361-372
Land cover change is one of the key driving forces for ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. We present an approach for using sequential remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model to estimate contemporary and future ecosystem carbon trends. We applied the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for the...
Simulating the impact of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides on non-target wildlife in irrigated crops
J.M. Pisani, W.E. Grant, M.A. Mora
2008, Ecological Modelling (210) 179-192
We present a simulation model for risk assessment of the impact of insecticide inhibitors of cholinesterase (ChE) applied in irrigated agricultural fields on non-target wildlife. The model, which we developed as a compartment model based on difference equations (??t = 1 h), consists of six submodels describing the dynamics of...
Coastal strategies to predict Escherichia coli concentrations for beaches along a 35 km stretch of southern Lake Michigan
M.B. Nevers, R.L. Whitman
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 4454-4460
To understand the fate and movement of Escherichia coli in beach water, numerous modeling studies have been undertaken including mechanistic predictions of currents and plumes and empirical modeling based on hydrometeorological variables. Most approaches are limited in scope by nearshore currents or physical obstacles and data limitations; few examine the...
Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA
Nora K. Foley, Robert A. Ayuso
2008, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (8) 59-75
Metasedimentary bedrock of coastal Maine contains a diverse suite of As-bearing minerals that act as significant sources of elements found in ground and surface waters in the region. Arsenic sources in the Penobscot Formation include, in order of decreasing As content by weight: löllingite and realgar (c.70%), arsenopyrite, cobaltite, glaucodot,...
Adherence of Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores to waders: Implications for disease dissemination
K.K. Gates, C.S. Guy, A.V. Zale, T.B. Horton
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1453-1458
The vectors involved in the spread of whirling disease, which is caused by Myxobolus cerebralis, are only partly understood. However, the parasite has rapidly become established in many regions, suggesting that it is easily disseminated. We gained insight into transport vectors by examining the surface porosity of common wading equipment...
Increased terrestrial to ocean sediment and carbon fluxes in the northern Chesapeake Bay associated with twentieth century land alteration
C. Saenger, T. M. Cronin, D. Willard, J. Halka, R. Kerhin
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 492-500
We calculated Chesapeake Bay (CB) sediment and carbon fluxes before and after major anthropogenic land clearance using robust monitoring, modeling and sedimentary data. Four distinct fluxes in the estuarine system were considered including (1) the flux of eroded material from the watershed to streams, (2) the flux of suspended sediment...
Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed
R.L. Scott, W.L. Cable, T. E. Huxman, P.L. Nagler, M. Hernandez, D.C. Goodrich
2008, Journal of Arid Environments (72) 1232-1246
Riparian evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the surface and subsurface water balance for many semiarid watersheds. Measurement or model-based estimates of ET are often made on a local scale, but spatially distributed estimates are needed to determine ET over catchments. In this paper, we document the ET that...
Prioritizing conservation effort through the use of biological soil crusts as ecosystem function indicators in an arid region
M. A. Bowker, M. E. Miller, J. Belnap, T.D. Sisk, N.C. Johnson
2008, Conservation Biology (22) 1533-1543
Conservation prioritization usually focuses on conservation of rare species or biodiversity, rather than ecological processes. This is partially due to a lack of informative indicators of ecosystem function. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) trap and retain soil and water resources in arid ecosystems and function as major carbon and nitrogen fixers;...
Reply to the comment on "Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA", by Mae Gustin
D. Naftz, C. Angeroth, T. Kenney, B. Waddell, N. Darnall, S. Silva, C. Perschon, J. Whitehead
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 3854-3855
[No abstract available]...
Common relationships among proximate composition components in fishes
K.J. Hartman, F.J. Margraf
2008, Journal of Fish Biology (73) 2352-2360
Relationships between the various body proximate components and dry matter content were examined for five species of fishes, representing anadromous, marine and freshwater species: chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The dry matter content or per...
Wind, waves, and wing loading: Morphological specialization may limit range expansion of endangered albatrosses
R.M. Suryan, D.J. Anderson, S.A. Shaffer, D.D. Roby, Y. Tremblay, D.P. Costa, P.R. Sievert, F. Sato, K. Ozaki, G.R. Balogh, N. Nakamura
2008, PLoS ONE (3)
Among the varied adaptations for avian flight, the morphological traits allowing large-bodied albatrosses to capitalize on wind and wave energy for efficient long-distance flight are unparalleled. Consequently, the biogeographic distribution of most albatrosses is limited to the windiest oceanic regions on earth; however, exceptions exist. Species breeding in the North...
A blood survey of elements, viral antibodies, and hemoparasites in wintering Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica)
D.J. Heard, D.M. Mulcahy, S. A. Iverson, D.J. Rizzolo, E.C. Greiner, J. Hall, S. Ip, Daniel Esler
2008, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (44) 486-493
Twenty-eight Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and 26 Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) were captured in Prince William Sound, Alaska, between 1 and 15 March 2005. Blood was collected for quantification of element concentrations, prevalence of antibodies to several viruses, and hemoparasite prevalence and identification. Although we found selenium concentrations that have...
