Top predators in relation to bathymetry, ice and krill during austral winter in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica
C. A. Ribic, E. Chapman, William R. Fraser, G.L. Lawson, P.H. Wiebe
2008, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (55) 485-499
A key hypothesis guiding the US Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (US SO GLOBEC) program is that deep across-shelf troughs facilitate the transport of warm and nutrient-rich waters onto the continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, resulting in enhanced winter production and prey availability to top predators. We...
Diagenetic mineralization in Pennsylvanian coals from Indiana, USA: 13C/12C and 18O/16O implications for cleat origin and coalbed methane generation
W. Solano-Acosta, A. Schimmelmann, Maria Mastalerz, I. Arango
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (73) 219-236
Cleats and fractures in southwestern Indiana coal seams are often filled with authigenic kaolinite and/or calcite. Carbon- and oxygen-stable isotope ratios of kaolinite, calcite, and coalbed CO2 were evaluated in combination with measured values and published estimates of ??18O of coalbed paleowaters that had been present at the time of...
Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution
S.R. Floeter, L.A. Rocha, D.R. Robertson, J.C. Joyeux, W. F. Smith-Vaniz, P. Wirtz, A.J. Edwards, J.P. Barreiros, C.E.L. Ferreira, J.L. Gasparini, A. Brito, J.M. Falcon, B.W. Bowen, G. Bernardi
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 22-47
Aim: To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location: Atlantic Ocean. Methods: The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the...
Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines
K.L. Cole, J. Fisher, S.T. Arundel, J. Cannella, S. Swift
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 257-269
Aim: The geographical extent and climatic tolerances of one- and two-needled pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides) are the focus of questions in taxonomy, palaeoclimatology and modelling of future distributions. The identification of these pines, traditionally classified by one- versus two-needled fascicles, is complicated by populations with both one- and two-needled...
Sequence stratigraphic control on prolific HC reservoir development, Southwest Iran
Y. Lasemi, K.N. Kondroud
2008, Oil & Gas Journal (106) 34-38
An important carbonate formation in the Persian Gulf and the onshore oil fields of Southwest Iran is the Lowermost Cretaceous Fahliyan formation. The formation in Darkhowain field consists of unconformity-bounded depositional sequences containing prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs of contrasting origin. Located in the high stand systems tract (HST) of the lower...
Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China
Lingyun Zheng, Gaisheng Liu, C. L. Chou
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (73) 19-26
Mercury (Hg) is one of the hazardous trace elements in coal. Mercury in coal is almost totally emitted into the atmosphere during coal combustion. Especially for utilities burning low-sulfur coals that do not require scrubbers, Hg reduction will be neglected. Hg abundances of 52 low-sulfur coal samples from different coalfields...
Relationship of obligate grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin
L.D. Murray, C. A. Ribic, W.E. Thogmartin
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 463-467
Conservation plans for grassland birds have included recommendations at the landscape level, but species' responses to landscape structure are variable. We studied the relationships between grassland bird abundances and landscape structure in 800-ha landscapes in Wisconsin, USA, using roadside surveys. Of 9 species considered, abundances of only 4 species differed...
Characterizing the nutritional strategy of incubating king eiders Somateria spectabilis in northern Alaska
R.L. Bentzen, A.N. Powell, T.D. Williams, A.S. Kitaysky
2008, Journal of Avian Biology (39) 683-690
We measured plasma concentrations of variables associated with lipid metabolism (free fatty acids, glycerol, triglyceride, and ??- hydroxybutyrate), protein metabolism (uric acid), and baseline corticosterone to characterize the nutritional state of incubating king eiders Somateria spectabilis and relate this to incubation constancy at two sites, Kuparuk and Teshekpuk, in northern...
Distribution, abundance, and range of the round goby, Apollina melanostoma, in the Duluth-Superior Harbor and St. Louis River estuary, 1998-2004
M.A. Bergstrom, Lori M. Evrard, A.F. Mensinger
2008, Journal of Great Lakes Research (34) 535-543
Round gobies were first discovered in the Duluth-Superior Harbor, Lake Superior, in 1995. Anecdotal sightings by anglers and others suggested that the infestation was growing and expanding; however, direct evidence of the distribution and expansion rate in the harbor was largely unknown. Distribution and range of the round goby, Apollonia...
A photographic and acoustic transect across two deep-water seafloor mounds, Mississippi Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico
P. E. Hart, D. R. Hutchinson, J. Gardner, R.S. Carney, D. Fornari
2008, Marine and Petroleum Geology (25) 969-976
In the northern Gulf of Mexico, a series of seafloor mounds lie along the floor of the Mississippi Canyon in Atwater Valley lease blocks 13 and 14. The mounds, one of which was drilled by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates in 2005, are interpreted to be vent-related...
Aboveground predation by an American badger (Taxidea taxus) on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)
D.A. Eads, E. Biggins
2008, Western North American Naturalist (68) 396-401
During research on black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), we repeatedly observed a female American badger (Taxidea taxus) hunting prairie dogs on a colony in southern Phillips County, Montana. During 1-14 June 2006, we observed 7 aboveground attacks (2 successful) and 3 successful excavations of prairie dogs. The locations and circumstances...
Postearthquake relaxation after the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake and rate-and-state friction
J.C. Savage, J. Langbein
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
An unusually complete set of measurements (including rapid rate GPS over the first 10 days) of postseismic deformation is available at 12 continuous GPS stations located close to the epicenter of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The principal component modes for the relaxation of the ensemble of those 12 GPS...
Sulfide-driven arsenic mobilization from arsenopyrite and black shale pyrite
W. Zhu, L.Y. Young, N. Yee, M. Serfes, E.D. Rhine, J.R. Reinfelder
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 5243-5250
We examined the hypothesis that sulfide drives arsenic mobilization from pyritic black shale by a sulfide-arsenide exchange and oxidation reaction in which sulfide replaces arsenic in arsenopyrite forming pyrite, and arsenide (As-1) is concurrently oxidized to soluble arsenite (As+3). This hypothesis was tested in a series of sulfide-arsenide exchange experiments...
The effects of layers in dry snow on its passive microwave emissions using dense media radiative transfer theory based on the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA/DMRT)
D. Liang, X. Xu, L. Tsang, K.M. Andreadis, E.G. Josberger
2008, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (46) 3663-3671
A model for the microwave emissions of multilayer dry snowpacks, based on dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory with the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA), provides more accurate results when compared to emissions determined by a homogeneous snowpack and other scattering models. The DMRT model accounts for adhesive aggregate effects, which leads...
Diurnal variability in turbidity and coral fluorescence on a fringing reef flat: Southern Molokai, Hawaii
G.A. Piniak, C. D. Storlazzi
2008, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (77) 56-64
Terrigenous sediment in the nearshore environment can pose both acute and chronic stresses to coral reefs. The reef flat off southern Molokai, Hawaii, typically experiences daily turbidity events, in which trade winds and tides combine to resuspend terrigenous sediment and transport it alongshore. These chronic turbidity events could play a...
Demography and ecology of mangrove diamondback terrapins in a wilderness area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA
K.M. Hart, C.C. McIvor
2008, Copeia 200-208
Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are distributed in brackish water habitats along the U.S. east coast from Massachusetts to Texas, but many populations may be in decline. Whereas ample morphological, behavioral, and reproductive information has been collected for terrapins living in temperate salt marsh habitats, comparatively little is known about mangrove...
Cost-effective management alternatives for Snake river chinook salmon: A biological-economic synthesis
D.L. Halsing, M.R. Moore
2008, Conservation Biology (22) 338-350
The mandate to increase endangered salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin of North America has created a complex, controversial resource-management issue. We constructed an integrated assessment model as a tool for analyzing biological-economic trade-offs in recovery of Snake River spring- and summer-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We merged 3...
The influence of cryogenic processes on the erosional Arctic shoreface
F. Are, E. Reimnitz, M. Grigoriev, H.-W. Hubberten, V. Rachold
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (24) 110-121
Coastal dynamics and shoreface relief in ice-free seas are a function of hydrodynamic interactions between the sea and bottom sediments. In the Arctic, additional, cryogenic factors such as permafrost and the action of sea ice influence coastal processes. The goal of our paper is to assess this influence, mainly on...
Comparison of Mexican wolf and coyote diets in Arizona and New Mexico
R. Carrera, W. Ballard, P. Gipson, B.T. Kelly, P.R. Krausman, M.C. Wallace, C. Villalobos, D.B. Wester
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 376-381
Interactions between wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) can have significant impacts on their distribution and abundance. We compared diets of recently translocated Mexican wolves (C. l. baileyi) with diets of resident coyotes in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. We systematically collected scats during 2000 and 2001. Coyote diet...
Pumice in the interglacial Whidbey Formation at Blowers Bluff, central Whidbey Island, WA, USA
D. P. Dethier, J.D. Dragovich, A.M. Sarna-Wojcicki, R.J. Fleck
2008, Quaternary International (178) 229-237
A new 40Ar/39Ar age of 128??9 ka and chemical analyses of pumice layers from interglacial alluvium at Blowers Bluff, Whidbey Island, WA, show that the deposits are part of the Whidbey Formation, a widespread, mainly subsurface unit. Glass chemistry of the dated dacitic pumice does not match any analyzed northern...
Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts
M.Y. Monette, S. D. McCormick
2008, Aquatic Toxicology (86) 216-226
Episodic acidification resulting in increased acidity and inorganic aluminum (Ali) is known to impact anadromous salmonids and has been identified as a possible cause of Atlantic salmon population decline. Sensitive life-stages such as smolts may be particularly vulnerable to impacts of short-term (days–week) acid/Al exposure, however the extent and mechanism(s)...
Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system
W.F. James, W. B. Richardson, D.M. Soballe
2008, Hydrobiologia (598) 95-107
Routing nitrate through backwaters of regulated floodplain rivers to increase retention could decrease loading to nitrogen (N)-sensitive coastal regions. Sediment core determinations of N flux were combined with inflow-outflow fluxes to develop mass balance approximations of N uptake and transformations in a flow-controlled backwater of the Upper Mississippi River (USA)....
Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway
C. K. Paull, W. Ussler III, W.S. Holbrook, T.M. Hill, R. Keaten, Jurgen Mienert, H. Haflidason, J.E. Johnson, W.J. Winters, T.D. Lorenson
2008, Geo-Marine Letters (28) 43-51
Seafloor pockmarks and subsurface chimney structures are common on the Norwegian continental margin north of the Storegga Slide scar. Such features are generally inferred to be associated with fluid expulsion, and imply overpressures in the subsurface. Six long gravity and piston cores taken from the interior of three pockmarks were...
A new method for synthesizing fluid inclusions in fused silica capillaries containing organic and inorganic material
I.-M. Chou, Y. Song, R.C. Burruss
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 5217-5231
Considerable advances in our understanding of physicochemical properties of geological fluids and their roles in many geological processes have been achieved by the use of synthetic fluid inclusions. We have developed a new method to synthesize fluid inclusions containing organic and inorganic material in fused silica capillary tubing. We have...
Survival of postfledging Forster's terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay
Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, John Y. Takekawa, S. A. Iverson
2008, Ecotoxicology (17) 789-801
We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in 90 fledgling Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) and evaluated whether mercury influenced postfledging survival in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations (??SE) in chicks 21-29 days old (just before fledging) were 0.33 ?? 0.01 ??g g-1 ww for blood and 6.44 ?? 0.28 ??g...
