Deficit irrigation of a landscape halophyte for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city
E. P. Glenn, C. Mckeon, V. Gerhart, P.L. Nagler, F. Jordan, J. Artiola
2009, Landscape and Urban Planning (89) 57-64
Saline waste waters from industrial and water treatment processes are an under-utilized resource in desert urban environments. Management practices to safely use these water sources are still in development. We used a deeprooted native halophyte, Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush), to absorb mildly saline effluent (1800 mg l-1 total dissolved solids, mainly...
Detection and attribution of streamflow timing changes to climate change in the Western United States
H.G. Hidalgo, T. Das, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan, D.W. Pierce, T.P. Barnett, G. Bala, A. Mirin, A.W. Wood, Celine Bonfils, B.D. Santer, T. Nozawa
2009, Journal of Climate (22) 3838-3855
This article applies formal detection and attribution techniques to investigate the nature of observed shifts in the timing of streamflow in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that the snow hydrology of the western United States has changed in the second half of the twentieth century. Such changes...
Social, political, and institutional setting: Water management problems of the Rio Grande
A. J. Douglas
2009, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (135) 493-501
This paper discusses various water management issues facing federal, state, and local agencies charged with managing the water resources of the Rio Grande River Basin and its major tributaries. The Rio Grande - 3,058 km (=1,900 mi) long - is the fourth longest river in the United States. The river's...
TandEM: Titan and Enceladus mission
A. Coustenis, S.K. Atreya, T. Balint, R. H. Brown, M.K. Dougherty, F. Ferri, M. Fulchignoni, D. Gautier, R.A. Gowen, C.A. Griffith, L.I. Gurvits, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, M.R. Leese, J. I. Lunine, C.P. McKay, X. Moussas, I. Muller-Wodarg, F. Neubauer, T.C. Owen, F. Raulin, E.C. Sittler, F. Sohl, Christophe Sotin, G. Tobie, T. Tokano, E. P. Turtle, J.-E. Wahlund, J.H. Waite, K. H. Baines, J. E. Blamont, A.J. Coates, I. Dandouras, T. Krimigis, E. Lellouch, R. D. Lorenz, A. Morse, C.C. Porco, M. Hirtzig, J. Saur, T. Spilker, J.C. Zarnecki, E. Choi, N. Achilleos, R. Amils, P. Annan, D.H. Atkinson, Y. Benilan, C. Bertucci, B. Bezard, G.L. Bjoraker, M. Blanc, L. Boireau, J. Bouman, M. Cabane, M.T. Capria, E. Chassefiere, P. Coll, M. Combes, J.F. Cooper, A. Coradini, F. Crary, T. Cravens, I.A. Daglis, E. de Angelis, C. De Bergh, I. de Pater, C. Dunford, G. Durry, O. Dutuit, D. Fairbrother, F.M. Flasar, A.D. Fortes, R. Frampton, M. Fujimoto, M. Galand, O. Grasset, M. Grott, T. Haltigin, A. Herique, F. Hersant, H. Hussmann, W. Ip, R. Johnson, E. Kallio, S. Kempf, M. Knapmeyer, W. Kofman, R. Koop, T. Kostiuk, N. Krupp, M. Kuppers, H. Lammer, L.-M. Lara, P. Lavvas, Stéphane Le Mouélic, S. Lebonnois, S. Ledvina, Ji Li, T.A. Livengood, R.M. Lopes, J. #NAME? Lopez-Moreno, D. Luz, P.R. Mahaffy, U. Mall, J. Martinez-Frias, B. Marty, T. McCord, C.M. Salvan, A. Milillo, D.G. Mitchell, R. Modolo, O. Mousis, M. Nakamura, Catherine D. Neish, C.A. Nixon, D.N. Mvondo, G. Orton, M. Paetzold, J. Pitman, S. Pogrebenko, W. Pollard, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, P. Rannou, K. Reh, L. Richter, F.T. Robb, R. Rodrigo, S. Rodriguez, P. Romani, M.R. Bermejo, E.T. Sarris, P. Schenk, B. Schmitt, N. Schmitz, D. Schulze-Makuch, K. Schwingenschuh, A. Selig, B. Sicardy, L. Soderblom, L.J. Spilker, D. Stam, A. Steele, K. Stephan, D.F. Strobel, K. Szego, Szopa
2009, Experimental Astronomy (23) 893-946
TandEM was proposed as an L-class (large) mission in response to ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call, and accepted for further studies, with the goal of exploring Titan and Enceladus. The mission concept is to perform in situ investigations of two worlds tied together by location and properties, whose remarkable natures...
Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle
N. Aubin-Horth, B. H. Letcher, H.A. Hofmann
2009, General and Comparative Endocrinology (163) 278-284
How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants...
Finite-fault analysis of the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake using Pnl waveforms
C. Mendoza, S. Hartzell
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 2746-2755
We apply a kinematic finite-fault inversion scheme to Pnl displacement waveforms recorded at 14 regional stations (Δ<2°) to recover the distribution of coseismic slip for the 2004 Parkfield earthquake using both synthetic Green’s functions (SGFs) calculated for one-dimensional (1D) crustal-velocity models and empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) based on the recordings...
Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry
Daniel R. Muhs, E. Arthur Bettis III, John N. Aleinikoff, John P. McGeehin, Jossh Beann, Gary Skipp, Brian D. Marshall, Helen M. Roberts, William C. Johnson, Rachel Benton
2008, GSA Bulletin (120) 1378-1407
Loess is one of the most extensive surficial geologic deposits in midcontinental North America, particularly in the central Great Plains region of Nebraska. Last-glacial-age loess (Peoria Loess) reaches its greatest known thickness in the world in this area. New stratigraphic, geochronologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data yield information about the age...
The USGS Earthquake Notification Service (ENS): Customizable notifications of earthquakes around the globe
Lisa A. Wald, David J. Wald, Stan Schwarz, Bruce Presgrave, Paul S. Earle, Eric Martinez, David Oppenheimer
2008, Seismological Research Letters (79) 103-110
At the beginning of 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) introduced a new automated Earthquake Notification Service (ENS) to take the place of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) "Bigquake" system and the various other individual EHP e-mail list-servers for separate regions in the United States....
Contaminant levels in eggs of American white pelicans, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, from Chase Lake, North Dakota
Pamela J. Pietz, Marsha A. Sovada, Christine M. Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Kevin M. Johnson
2008, Canadian Field-Naturalist (122) 312-315
American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) are colonial nesters, making them susceptible to site-specific mortality factors. One of the largest known breeding colonies is at Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota. In 2004, this colony suffered total reproductive failure. In 2005, we collected abandoned eggs from this colony to...
Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change
Jill S. Baron, Susan Herrod Julius, Jordan M. West, Linda A. Joyce, Geoffrey Blate, Charles H. Peterson, Margaret Palmer, Brian D. Keller, Peter Kareiva, J. Michael Scott, Brad Griffith
2008, IHDP Update 46-52
The changes occurring in mountain regions are an epitome of climate change. The dramatic shrinkage of major glaciers over the past century – and especially in the last 30 years – is one of several iconic images that have come to symbolize climate change. Climate creates the context for ecosystems,...
Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA
Diana Salciarini, Jonathan W. Godt, William Z. Savage, Rex L. Baum, Pietro Conversini
2008, Engineering Geology (102) 227-237
To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide...
Environmental occurrence and shallow ground water detection of the antibiotic monensin from dairy farms
N. Watanabe, T.H. Harter, B.A. Bergamaschi
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) S78-S85
Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compared with other livestock operations, except for the...
Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile
Jay Quade, Jason A. Rech, Julio L. Betancourt, Claudio Latorre, Barbra Quade, Kate Aasen Rylander, Timothy Fisher
2008, Quaternary Research (69) 343-360
Widespread, organic-rich diatomaceous deposits are evidence for formerly wetter times along the margins of the central Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth today. We mapped and dated these paleowetland deposits at three presently waterless locations near Salar de Punta Negra (24.5°S) on the western slope of the...
Light-toned salty soils and co-existing Si-rich species discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in Columbia Hills
Alian Wang, J.F. Bell III, Ron Li, J. R. Johnson, W. H. Farrand, E.A. Cloutis, R. E. Arvidson, L. Crumpler, S. W. Squyres, S. M. McLennan, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, S. W. Ruff, A.T. Knudson, Wei Chen, R. Greenberger
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research (113) 1-35
Light-toned soils were exposed, through serendipitous excavations by Spirit Rover wheels, at eight locations in the Columbia Hills. Their occurrences were grouped into four types on the basis of geomorphic settings. At three major exposures, the light-toned soils are hydrous and sulfate-rich. The spatial distributions of distinct types of salty...
Conservation: saving Florida's manatees
Robert K. Bonde
2008, WetPixel Quarterly (4) 50-54
Robert K. Bonde of the U.S. Geological Survey writes about the protected population of manatees in Crystal River, Florida, including information about the threats they face as they migrate in and out of protected waters. Photographer Carol Grant shares images of "Angel," a newborn manatee she photographed early one winter...
Variability of community interaction networks in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas
G. Montano-Moctezuma, H.W. Li, P.A. Rossignol
2008, Fisheries Research (94) 99-108
Regional and small-scale local oceanographic conditions can lead to high variability in community structure even among similar habitats. Communities with identical species composition can depict distinct networks due to different levels of disturbance as well as physical and biological processes. In this study we reconstruct community networks in four different...
Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the yellow river delta of China
Yongling Weng, P. Gong, Z. Zhu
2008, International Journal of Remote Sensing (29) 5511-5531
There has been growing interest in the use of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In this study, we collected 95 soil samples from the Yellow River Delta of China to investigate the level of soil salinity in relation to soil spectra. Sample plots were...
A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water
D.O. Rosenberry
2008, Journal of Hydrology (359) 118-130
Seepage meters provide one of the most direct means to measure exchange of water across the sediment-water interface, but they generally have been unsuitable for use in fluvial settings. Although the seepage bag can be placed inside a rigid container to minimize velocity head concerns, the seepage cylinder installed in...
Molecular and morphological analysis of the critically endangered Fijian iguanas reveals cryptic diversity and a complex biogeographic history
J.S. Keogh, D.L. Edwards, Robert N. Fisher, P.S. Harlow
2008, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (363) 3413-3426
The Pacific iguanas of the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos are a biogeographic enigma in that their closest relatives are found only in the New World. They currently comprise two genera and four species of extinct and extant taxa. The two extant species, Brachylophus fasciatus from Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu and...
Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation
P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, I. B. Kuffner, A.J. Andersson, E.F. Cox, F.T. MacKenzie
2008, Coral Reefs (27) 473-483
A long-term (10 months) controlled experiment was conducted to test the impact of increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on common calcifying coral reef organisms. The experiment was conducted in replicate continuous flow coral reef mesocosms flushed with unfiltered sea water from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mesocosms were located...
Biogeochemical legacy of prescribed fire in a giant sequoia - Mixed conifer forest: A 16-year record of watershed balances
D.L. Engle, J.O. Sickman, C.M. Moore, A.M. Esperanza, J.M. Melack, Jon E. Keeley
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (113)
The effects of prescription burning on watershed balances of major ions in mixed conifer forest were examined in a 16-year paired catchment study in Sequoia National Park, California. The objective was to determine whether fire-related changes in watershed balances persist as long as estimated low-end natural fire-return intervals (???10 years),...
Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data
Stéphane Le Mouélic, P. Paillou, M.A. Janssen, J. W. Barnes, S. Rodriguez, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, K. H. Baines, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, M. Crapeau, P.J. Encrenaz, R. Jaumann, D. Geudtner, F. Paganelli, L. Soderblom, G. Tobie, S. Wall
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (113)
Only a few impact craters have been unambiguously detected on Titan by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Among these, Sinlap is the only one that has been observed both by the RADAR and VIMS instruments. This paper describes observations at centimeter and infrared wavelengths which provide complementary information about the composition, topography,...
Modeling wetland blackbird populations as a function of waterfowl abundance in the prairie pothole region of the United States and Canada
G.M. Forcey, G.M. Linz, W.E. Thogmartin, W.J. Bleier
2008, Environmental Bioindicators (3) 124-135
Blackbirds share wetland habitat with many waterfowl species in Bird Conservation Region 11 (BCR 11), the prairie potholes. Because of similar habitat preferences, there may be associations between blackbird populations and populations of one or more species of waterfowl in BCR11. This study models populations of red-winged blackbirds and yellow-headed...
Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids
D. Tonina, C.H. Luce, B. Rieman, J.M. Buffington, P. Goodwin, S.R. Clayton, S. Ali, J.J. Barry, C. Berenbrock
2008, Hydrological Processes (22) 3223-3235
The potential for forest harvest to increase snowmelt rates in maritime snow climates is well recognized. However, questions still exist about the magnitude of peak flow increases in basins larger than 10 km2 and the geomorphic and biological consequences of these changes. In this study, we used observations from two...
Evidence for an eolian origin for the silt-enriched soil mantles on the glaciated uplands of eastern Upper Michigan, USA
R.J. Schaetzl, W.L. Loope
2008, Geomorphology (100) 285-295
We provide textural, geochemical, and mineralogical data on a thin, silty deposit that unconformably mantles glaciated uplands in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Previous research on this deposit, which we hypothesize to be loess, is nonexistent. The uplands were islands or narrow peninsulas within one or more glacial lakes....
