Experimental evidence of vocal recognition in young and adult black-legged kittiwakes
Herve Mulard, T. Aubin, J.F. White, Scott A. Hatch, E. Danchin
2008, Animal Behaviour (76) 1855-1861
Individual recognition is required in most social interactions, and its presence has been confirmed in many species. In birds, vocal cues appear to be a major component of recognition. Curiously, vocal recognition seems absent or limited in some highly social species such as the black-legged <a title="Learn more about Kittiwake from...
Quasi-periodic bedding in the sedimentary rock record of mars
Kevin W. Lewis, Oded Aharonson, John P. Grotzinger, Randolph L. Kirk, Alfred S. McEwen, Terry-Ann Suer
2008, Science (322) 1532-1535
Widespread sedimentary rocks on Mars preserve evidence of surface conditions different from the modern cold and dry environment, although it is unknown how long conditions favorable to deposition persisted. We used 1-meter stereo topographic maps to demonstrate the presence of rhythmic bedding at several outcrops in the Arabia Terra region....
Lesser snow geese and ross's geese form mixed flocks during winter but differ in family maintenance and social status
J.E. Jonsson, A. D. Afton
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 725-731
Smaller species are less likely to maintain families (or other forms of social groups) than larger species and are more likely to be displaced in competition with larger species. We observed mixed-species flocks of geese in southwest Louisiana and compared frequencies of social groups and success in social encounters of...
Growth, population structure, and reproduction of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) on the central coast of California
D.J. Germano, G. B. Rathbun
2008, Chelonian Conservation and Biology (7) 188-194
We studied the population structure and growth of western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) at Vandenberg Air Force Base along the coast of central California in April 1995 and June 1996. We captured 179 individuals (115 males, 27 females) from 7 ponds during 26 days of trapping. Many turtles were adult-sized,...
Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most consistent with a time dependent, renewal process
T. Parsons
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Elastic rebound and stress renewal are important components of earthquake forecasting because if large earthquakes can be shown to be periodic, then rupture probability is time dependent. While renewal models are used in formal forecasts, it has not been possible to exclude the alternate view that repeated large earthquakes can...
Multiple proximate and ultimate causes of natal dispersal in white-tailed deer
E.S. Long, Duane R. Diefenbach, C.S. Rosenberry, B.D. Wallingford
2008, Behavioral Ecology (19) 1235-1242
Proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal in vertebrates vary, and relative importance of these causes is poorly understood. Among populations, inter- and intrasexual social cues for dispersal are thought to reduce inbreeding and local mate competition, respectively, and specific emigration cue may affect dispersal distance, such that inbreeding avoidance dispersal...
Volatile emissions and gas geochemistry of Hot Spring Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA
C. Werner, S. Hurwitz, William C. Evans, J. B. Lowenstern, D. Bergfeld, H. Heasler, C. Jaworowski, A. Hunt
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (178) 751-762
We characterize and quantify volatile emissions at Hot Spring Basin (HSB), a large acid-sulfate region that lies just outside the northeastern edge of the 640 ka Yellowstone Caldera. Relative to other thermal areas in Yellowstone, HSB gases are rich in He and H2, and mildly enriched in CH4 and H2S....
Investigation of flow and transport processes at the MADE site using ensemble Kalman filter
Gaisheng Liu, Y. Chen, Dongxiao Zhang
2008, Advances in Water Resources (31) 975-986
In this work the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is applied to investigate the flow and transport processes at the macro-dispersion experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, MS. The EnKF is a sequential data assimilation approach that adjusts the unknown model parameter values based on the observed data with time. The classic...
Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of the imbricated fluvial gravel deposits in Huangshui Valley, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
X. Miao, H. Lu, Z. Li, G. Cao
2008, Geomorphology (99) 433-442
Gravel deposits on fluvial terraces contain a wealth of information about the paleofluvial system. In this study, flow direction and provenance were determined by systematic counts of more than 2000 clasts of imbricated gravel deposits in the Xining Region, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. These gravel deposits range in age from...
Pliocene role in assessing future climate impacts
M.M. Robinson, H.J. Dowsett, M.A. Chandler
2008, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (89) 501-502
[No abstract available]...
SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really archean crust?
Wayne R. Premo, Pedro Castineiras, Joseph L. Wooden
2008, Geosphere (4) 963-975
New SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) data confirm the existence of Archean components within zircon grains of a sample from the orthogneiss of Angel Lake, Nevada, United States, previously interpreted as a nappe of Archean crust. However, the combined evidence strongly suggests that this orthogneiss is a highly deformed,...
Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil
S.M. Lev, E. R. Landa, K. Szlavecz, R. Casey, J. Snodgrass
2008, Mineralogical Magazine (72) 191-195
The impact of human activities on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments is nowhere more apparent than in urban landscapes. Trace metals, collected on roadways and transported by storm water, may contaminate soils and sediments associated with storm water management systems. These systems will accumulate metals and associated sediments may reach...
Evaluation of methods for attaching PIT tags and biotelemetry devices to freshwater mussels
S.P. Young, J. Jeffery Isely
2008, Molluscan Research (28) 175-178
We evaluated methods to attach PIT tags and transmitters to freshwater mussels. Mussels received externally-mounted PIT tags using cyanoacrylate or underwater epoxy, and a sub-group of those with PIT tags attached using cyanoacrylate also received dummy transmitters. Tag retention and survival were 100% after a 30 day laboratory observation period...
Red shiner invasion and hybridization with blacktail shiner in the upper Coosa River, USA
D.M. Walters, M.J. Blum, Brenda Rashleigh, B. J. Freeman, B.A. Porter, N.M. Burkhead
2008, Biological Invasions (10) 1229-1242
Human disturbance increases the invasibility of lotic ecosystems and the likelihood of hybridization between invasive and native species. We investigated whether disturbance contributed to the invasion of red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and their hybridization with native blacktail shiner (C. venusta stigmatura) in the Upper Coosa River System (UCRS). Historical records...
Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods
T.J. Cox, R.L. Runkel
2008, Journal of Environmental Engineering (134) 996-1005
Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type...
Field-based evaluations of horizontal flat-plate fish screens
B.P. Rose, M.G. Mesa, G. Barbin-Zydlewski
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1702-1713
Diversions from streams are often screened to prevent the loss of or injury to fish. Hydraulic criteria meant to protect fish that encounter screens have been developed, but primarily for screens that are vertical to the water flow rather than horizontal. For this reason, we measured selected hydraulic variables and...
Numerical model for the uptake of groundwater contaminants by phreatophytes
M.A. Widdowson, A. El-Sayed, J. E. Landmeyer
2008, Conference Paper, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
Conventional solute transport models do not adequately account for the effects of phreatophytic plant systems on contaminant concentrations in shallow groundwater systems. A numerical model was developed and tested to simulate threedimensional reactive solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium. Advective-dispersive transport is coupled to biodegradation, sorption, and plantbased attenuation...
Influence of summer water-level variability on St. Lawrence River-wetland fish assemblages
J.E. McKenna Jr., J.L. Barkley, J. H. Johnson
2008, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (23) 513-517
Water-level and associated variability are substantial influences on wetland and shallow aquatic communities. The Akwesasne Wetland Complex is an extensive St. Lawrence River system affected by water regulation. The responses of fish assemblages to short-term summer water-level variation were examined throughout this section of the St. Lawrence River and its...
Integrated Fe- and S-isotope study of seafloor hydrothermal vents at East Pacific Rise 9-10°N
O. Rouxel, Wayne C. Shanks III, W. Bach, K.J. Edwards
2008, Chemical Geology (252) 214-227
In this study, we report on coupled Fe- and S-isotope systematics of hydrothermal fluids and sulfide deposits from the East Pacific Rise at 9–10°N to better constrain processes affecting Fe-isotope fractionation in hydrothermal environments. We aim to address three fundamental questions: (1) Is there significant Fe-isotope fractionation during sulfide precipitation?...
An hydrothermal experimental study of the cobalt-cobalt oxide redox buffer
K.H. Lemke, R.J. Rosenbauer, J. L. Bischoff, D.K. Bird
2008, Chemical Geology (252) 136-144
Equilibrium aqueous hydrogen concentration and corresponding energies of reaction, ??Grxno(T, P), for the reaction Co(s) + H2O(l) = CoO(s) + H2(aq) have been determined at temperatures between 256 and 355 ??C and at 400 bar. Steady-state concentrations of hydrogen were approached in experiments under conditions of both H2 excess and...
Orbital identification of carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars
B.L. Ehlmann, J.F. Mustard, S.L. Murchie, F. Poulet, J.L. Bishop, A.J. Brown, W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark, D.J. Des Marais, R.E. Milliken, L.H. Roach, T. L. Roush, G.A. Swayze, J.J. Wray
2008, Science (322) 1828-1832
Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate...
Soil magnetic susceptibility: A quantitative proxy of soil drainage for use in ecological restoration
D.A. Grimley, J.-S. Wang, D.A. Liebert, J.O. Dawson
2008, Restoration Ecology (16) 657-667
Flooded, saturated, or poorly drained soils are commonly anaerobic, leading to microbially induced magnetite/maghemite dissolution and decreased soil magnetic susceptibility (MS). Thus, MS is considerably higher in well-drained soils (MS typically 40-80 ?? 10-5 standard international [SI]) compared to poorly drained soils (MS typically 10-25 ?? 10-5 SI) in Illinois,...
Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai'i Island
R.W. Peck, P.C. Banko, M. Schwarzfeld, M. Euaparadorn, K.W. Brinck
2008, Biological Invasions (10) 1441-1455
Through intentional and accidental introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have become established in the Hawaiian Islands. The extent to which these parasitoid wasps have penetrated native wet forests was investigated over a 1,765 m elevation gradient on windward Hawai'i Island. For >1 year, malaise...
Inland diatoms from the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica
R.M.M. Esposito, S. A. Spaulding, Diane M. McKnight, B. Van De Vijver, K. Kopalova, D. Lubinski, B. Hall, T. Whittaker
2008, Botany (86) 1378-1392
Diatom taxa present in the inland streams and lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and James Ross Island, Antarctica, are presented in this paper. A total of nine taxa are illustrated, with descriptions of four new species (Luticola austroatlantica sp. nov., Luticola dolia sp. nov., Luticola laeta sp. nov., Muelleria...
Western juniper and ponderosa pine ecotonal climate-growth relationships across landscape gradients in southern Oregon
K.C. Knutson, D.A. Pyke
2008, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (38) 3021-3032
Forecasts of climate change for the Pacific northwestern United States predict warmer temperatures, increased winter precipitation, and drier summers. Prediction of forest growth responses to these climate fluctuations requires identification of climatic variables limiting tree growth, particularly at limits of free species distributions. We addressed this problem at the pine-woodland...
