Sediment dispersal in the northwestern Adriatic Sea
C. K. Harris, C. R. Sherwood, R. P. Signell, A.J. Bever, J.C. Warner
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (113)
Sediment dispersal in the Adriatic Sea was evaluated using coupled three-dimensional circulation and sediment transport models, representing conditions from autumn 2002 through spring 2003. The calculations accounted for fluvial sources, resuspension by waves and currents, and suspended transport. Sediment fluxes peaked during southwestward Bora wind conditions that produced energetic waves...
GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications
F.J.M. Simoes, C.T. Yang
2008, International Journal of Sediment Research (23) 299-315
In part 1 of this two-paper series, a brief summary of the basic concepts and theories used in developing the Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation (GSTARS) computer models was presented. Part 2 provides examples that illustrate some of the capabilities of the GSTARS models and how they...
Projected long-term response of Southeastern birds to forest management
M.S. Mitchell, M. J. Reynolds-Hogland, M.L. Smith, P.B. Wood, J.A. Beebe, P.D. Keyser, C. Loehle, C.J. Reynolds, P. Van Deusen, D. White Jr.
2008, Forest Ecology and Management (256) 1884-1896
Numerous studies have explored the influence of forest management on avian communities empirically, but uncertainty about causal relationships between landscape patterns and temporal dynamics of bird communities calls into question how observed historical patterns can be projected into the future, particularly to assess consequences of differing management alternatives. We used...
Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian Forest Birds
S.I. Jarvi, D. Triglia, A. Giannoulis, M. Farias, K. Bianchi, C. T. Atkinson
2008, Conservation Genetics (9) 339-348
We cultured avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) from lesions collected on Hawai'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and 'Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands from 15 native or non-native birds representing three avian orders. Phylogenetic analysis of a 538 bp fragment of the gene encoding the virus 4b core polypeptide revealed two distinct variant clusters,...
Chapter 31 Sensitivity and spin-up times of cohesive sediment transport models used to simulate bathymetric change
D. H. Schoellhamer, N. K. Ganju, P. R. Mineart, M. A. Lionberger
T. Kusuda, H. Yamanishi, J. Spearman, J. Z. Gailani, editor(s)
2008, Proceedings in Marine Science (9) 463-475
Bathymetric change in tidal environments is modulated by watershed sediment yield, hydrodynamic processes, benthic composition, and anthropogenic activities. These multiple forcings combine to complicate simple prediction of bathymetric change; therefore, numerical models are necessary to simulate sediment transport. Errors arise from these simulations, due to inaccurate initial conditions and model...
Thiamine and fatty acid content of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon
D. C. Honeyfield, A. K. Peters, M.L. Jones
2008, Journal of Great Lakes Research (34) 581-589
Nutritional status of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is inadequately documented. An investigation was conducted to determine muscle and liver thiamine content and whole body fatty acid composition in small, medium and large Chinook salmon. Muscle and liver thiamine concentrations were highest in small salmon, and tended to decrease...
An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data
C.S.A. Wallace, K.A. Thomas
2008, Sensors (8) 7792-7808
In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using...
Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites
Craig D. Allen, R. Scott Anderson, R.B. Jass, J.L. Toney, C.H. Baisan
2008, International Journal of Wildland Fire (17) 115-130
Two primary methods for reconstructing paleofire occurrence include dendrochronological dating of fire scars and stand ages from live or dead trees (extending back centuries into the past) and sedimentary records of charcoal particles from lakes and bogs, providing perspectives on fire history that can extend back for many thousands of...
Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California
C. Oze, C. Skinner, A.W. Schroth, R. G. Coleman
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 3391-3403
Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting...
Estimation of groundwater and nutrient fluxes to the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina
T.B. Spruill, J.F. Bratton
2008, Estuaries and Coasts (31) 501-520
A study was conducted between April 2004 and September 2005 to estimate groundwater and nutrient discharge to the Neuse River estuary in North Carolina. The largest groundwater fluxes were observed to occur generally within 20 m of the shoreline. Groundwater flux estimates based on seepage meter measurements ranged from 2.86??108...
Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears
J. E. Swenson, M.A. Haroldson
2008, Ursus (19) 73-79
We report on 3 cases of mixed-aged litters (young born in different years) in brown bears (Ursus arctos); in 1 instance the cub-of-the-year (hereafter called cubs) died in the den. Two cases occurred in Sweden after mothers were separated from their young during the breeding season. In one, the mother...
The influence of trap density and sampling duration on the detection of small mammal species richness
Jonathan M. Conrad, Jeremy A. Baumgardt, Philip S. Gipson, Donald P. Althoff
2008, Acta Theriologica (53) 143-156
Assessing species richness of small mammal communities is an important research objective for many live-trapping studies designed to assess or monitor biological diversity. We tested the effectiveness and efficiency of various trap densities for determining estimates and counts of small mammal species richness. Trapping was conducted in grassland habitats in...
Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using 226Ra and 228Ra as tracers
A.L. Hougham, S.B. Moran, John P. Masterson, R.P. Kelly
2008, Marine Chemistry (109) 268-278
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes 226Ra (t1/2 = 1600??y) and 228Ra (t1/2 = 5.75??y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in...
Physical and chemical changes in the foreshore of an estuarine beach: Implications for viability and development of horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus eggs
N.L. Jackson, D. R. Smith, K.F. Nordstrom
2008, Marine Ecology Progress Series (355) 209-218
Knowledge of conditions that favor development of eggs is important for management of species whose population growth is sensitive to early life history survival. Viability and development of the eggs of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus on a sand and gravel beach were evaluated using data gathered on Delaware Bay, USA,...
Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota
E. K. Harper, W.J. Paul, L.D. Mech, S. Weisberg
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 778-784
Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota, USA, are an economic problem for many livestock producers, and depredating wolves are lethally controlled. We sought to determine the effectiveness of lethal control through the analysis of data from 923 government-verified wolf depredations from 1979 to 1998. We analyzed the data...
Anthropogenic influences on the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and mercury in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
D. Naftz, C. Angeroth, T. Kenney, B. Waddell, N. Darnall, S. Silva, C. Perschon, J. Whitehead
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 1731-1744
Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake (GSL), little is known about the input and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and trace elements in the lake. In response to increasing public concern regarding anthropogenic inputs to the GSL ecosystem, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and US Fish and...
Land cover associations of nesting territories of three sympatric buteos in shortgrass prairie
S. McConnell, T. J. O’Connell, David M. Leslie Jr.
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 708-716
Three species of Buteo hawks nest sympatrically in the southern Great Plains of the United States. Dietary overlap among them is broad and we tested the hypothesis these species partition their breeding habitat spatially. We compared land cover and topography around 224 nests of the three species breeding in shortgrass...
A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants
K.N. Magnacca, D. Foote, P. M. O’Grady
2008, Zootaxa 1-58
The Hawaiian Drosophilidae is one of the best examples of rapid speciation in nature. Nearly 1,000 species of endemic drosophilids have evolved in situ in Hawaii since a single colonist arrived over 25 million years ago. A number of mechanisms, including ecological adaptation, sexual selection, and geographic isolation, have been...
Utilizing geochemical, hydrologic, and boron isotopic data to assess the success of a salinity and selenium remediation project, Upper Colorado River Basin, Utah
D. L. Naftz, T.D. Bullen, Bernard J. Stolp, C.D. Wilkowske
2008, Science of the Total Environment (392) 1-11
Stream discharge and geochemical data were collected at two sites along lower Ashley Creek, Utah, from 1999 to 2003, to assess the success of a site specific salinity and Se remediation project. The remediation project involved the replacement of a leaking sewage lagoon system that was interacting with Mancos Shale...
Cloned embryos from semen. Part 2: Intergeneric nuclear transfer of semen-derived eland (Taurotragus oryx) epithelial cells into bovine oocytes
L. Nel-Themaat, M.C. Gomez, C.E. Pope, M. Lopez, G. Wirtu, J.A. Jenkins, A. Cole, B.L. Dresser, K.R. Bondioli, R.A. Godke
2008, Cloning and Stem Cells (10) 161-172
The production of cloned offspring by nuclear transfer (NT) of semen-derived somatic cells holds considerable potential for the incorporation of novel genes into endangered species populations. Because oocytes from endangered species are scarce, domestic species oocytes are often used as cytoplasts for interspecies NT. In the present study, epithelial cells...
Analysis of an unconfined aquifer subject to asynchronous dual-tide propagation
K. Rotzoll, A. I. El-Kadi, S. B. Gingerich
2008, Ground Water (46) 239-250
Most published solutions for aquifer responses to ocean tides focus on the one-sided attenuation of the signal as it propagates inland. However, island aquifers experience periodic forcing from the entire coast, which can lead to integrated effects of different tidal signals, especially on narrow high-permeability islands. In general, studies disregard...
Quaternary paleoceanography of the central Arctic based on Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Arctic Coring Expedition 302 foraminiferal assemblages
T. M. Cronin, S.A. Smith, F. Eynaud, M. O’Regan, J. King
2008, Paleoceanography (23)
The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) Hole 4C from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean recovered a continuous 18 in record of Quaternary foraminifera yielding evidence for seasonally ice-free interglacials during the Matuyama, progressive development of large glacials during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) ???1.2-0.9...
Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths
M. G. Walsh, A.P. Maloy, T. P. O’Brien
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 42-49
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although nonnative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used...
Distribution and environmental limitations of an amphibian pathogen in the Rocky Mountains, USA
E. Muths, D. S. Pilliod, L.J. Livo
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 1484-1492
Amphibian populations continue to be imperiled by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Understanding where B. dendrobatidis (Bd) occurs and how it may be limited by environmental factors is critical to our ability to effectively conserve the amphibians affected by Bd. We sampled 1247 amphibians (boreal toads and surrogates) at 261...
Ground-motion modeling of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, part I: Validation using the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Brad T. Aagaard, T.M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R.W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, M.L. Zoback
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 989-1011
We compute ground motions for the Beroza (1991) and Wald et al. (1991) source models of the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake using four different wave-propagation codes and recently developed 3D geologic and seismic velocity models. In preparation for modeling the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, we use this well-recorded...
