High resolution shallow geologic characterization of a late Pleistocene eolian environment using ground penetrating radar and optically stimulated luminescence techniques: North Carolina, USA
D. Mallinson, S. Mahan, Christine Moore
2008, Southeastern Geology (45) 161-177
Geophysical surveys, sedimentology, and optically-stimulated luminescence age analyses were used to assess the geologic development of a coastal system near Swansboro, NC. This area is a significant Woodland Period Native American habitation and is designated the "Broad Reach" archaeological site. 2-d and 3-d subsurface geophysical surveys were performed using a...
Chemical and toxicologic assessment of organic contaminants in surface water using passive samplers
D.A. Alvarez, W.L. Cranor, S.D. Perkins, R.C. Clark, S.B. Smith
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1024-1033
Passive sampling methodologies were used to conduct a chemical and toxicologic assessment of organic contaminants in the surface waters of three geographically distinct agricultural watersheds. A selection of current-use agrochemicals and persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides, were targeted using the polar organic chemical...
Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA
J. M. Licciardi, K. L. Pierce
2008, Quaternary Science Reviews (27) 814-831
We have obtained 69 new cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from boulders on moraines deposited by glaciers of the greater Yellowstone glacial system and Teton Range during the middle and late Pleistocene. These new data, combined with 43 previously obtained 3He and 10Be ages from deposits of the northern Yellowstone...
Evaluation of an index of biotic integrity approach used to assess biological condition in western U.S. streams and rivers at varying spatial scales
M. R. Meador, T.R. Whittier, R. M. Goldstein, R. M. Hughes, D.V. Peck
2008, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (137) 13-22
Consistent assessments of biological condition are needed across multiple ecoregions to provide a greater understanding of the spatial extent of environmental degradation. However, consistent assessments at large geographic scales are often hampered by lack of uniformity in data collection, analyses, and interpretation. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) has been...
Ways of learning: Observational studies versus experiments
T.L. Shaffer, Douglas H. Johnson
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 4-13
Manipulative experimentation that features random assignment of treatments, replication, and controls is an effective way to determine causal relationships. Wildlife ecologists, however, often must take a more passive approach to investigating causality. Their observational studies lack one or more of the 3 cornerstones of experimentation: controls, randomization, and replication. Although...
Textural, mineralogical and stable isotope studies of hydrothermal alteration in the main sulfide zone of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe and the precious metals zone of the Sonju Lake Intrusion, Minnesota, USA
C. Li, E.M. Ripley, T. Oberthur, J.D. Miller Jr., G.D. Joslin
2008, Mineralium Deposita (43) 97-110
Stratigraphic offsets in the peak concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) and base-metal sulfides in the main sulfide zone of the Great Dyke and the precious metals zone of the Sonju Lake Intrusion have, in part, been attributed to the interaction between magmatic PGE-bearing base-metal sulfide assemblages and hydrothermal fluids. In...
Influence of landscape structure on reef fish assemblages
R. Grober-Dunsmore, T.K. Frazer, J.P. Beets, W.J. Lindberg, P. Zwick, N.A. Funicelli
2008, Landscape Ecology (23) 37-53
Management of tropical marine environments calls for interdisciplinary studies and innovative methodologies that consider processes occurring over broad spatial scales. We investigated relationships between landscape structure and reef fish assemblage structure in the US Virgin Islands. Measures of landscape structure were transformed into a reduced set of composite indices using...
Associating seasonal range characteristics with survival of female white-tailed deer
R. W. Klaver, J.A. Jenks, C.S. Deperno, S.L. Griffin
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 343-353
Delineating populations is critical for understanding population dynamics and managing habitats. Our objective was to delineate subpopulations of migratory female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the central Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, USA, on summer and winter ranges. We used fuzzy classification to assign radiocollared deer to subpopulations based...
Morphology and 18S rDNA of Henneguya gurlei (Myxosporea) from Ameiurus nebulosus (Siluriformes) in North Carolina
L. R. Iwanowicz, D.D. Iwanowicz, L.M. Pote, V. S. Blazer, W. B. Schill
2008, Journal of Parasitology (94) 46-57
Henneguya gurlei was isolated from Ameiurus nebulosus captured in North Carolina and redescribed using critical morphological features and 18S small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) gene sequence. Plasmodia are white, spherical, or subspherical, occur in clusters, measure up to 1.8 mm in length, and are located on the dorsal, pectoral, and...
Collaboration tools and techniques for large model datasets
R. P. Signell, S. Carniel, J. Chiggiato, I. Janekovic, J. Pullen, C. R. Sherwood
2008, Journal of Marine Systems (69) 154-161
In MREA and many other marine applications, it is common to have multiple models running with different grids, run by different institutions. Techniques and tools are described for low-bandwidth delivery of data from large multidimensional datasets, such as those from meteorological and oceanographic models, directly into generic analysis and visualization...
Morphology and histology of the alimentary canal of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Cimicomoropha: Miridae)
J. Habibi, T.A. Coudron, E.A. Backus, S.L. Brandt, R.M. Wagner, M.K. Wright, J.E. Huesing
2008, Annals of the Entomological Society of America (101) 159-171
Microdissection and transverse semithin sections were used to perform a light microscopy survey of the gross morphology and cellular anatomy of the alimentary canal, respectively, of Lygus hesperus Knight, a key pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and other crops. The gross morphology of the alimentary...
A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS
P. D. Nicholson, M.M. Hedman, R. N. Clark, M.R. Showalter, D. P. Cruikshank, J.N. Cuzzi, G. Filacchione, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, G. B. Hansen, B. Sicardy, P. Drossart, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, K. H. Baines, A. Coradini
2008, Icarus (193) 182-212
Soon after the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft entered orbit about Saturn on 1 July 2004, its Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer obtained two continuous spectral scans across the rings, covering the wavelength range 0.35-5.1 ??m, at a spatial resolution of 15-25 km. The first scan covers the outer C and inner B...
Low thermal tolerances of stream amphibians in the Pacific Northwest: Implications for riparian and forest management
R.B. Bury
2008, Applied Herpetology (5) 63-74
Temperature has a profound effect on survival and ecology of amphibians. In the Pacific Northwest, timber harvest is known to increase peak stream temperatures to 24??C or higher, which has potential to negatively impact cold-water stream amphibians. I determined the Critical Thermal Maxima (CT max) for two salamanders that are...
Mapping vegetation communities using statistical data fusion in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, USA
R.A. Chastain Jr., M.A. Struckhoff, H.S. He, D.R. Larsen
2008, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (74) 247-264
A vegetation community map was produced for the Ozark National Scenic Riverways consistent with the association level of the National Vegetation Classification System. Vegetation communities were differentiated using a large array of variables derived from remote sensing and topographic data, which were fused into independent mathematical functions using a discriminant...
Meteorological characteristics and overland precipitation impacts of atmospheric rivers affecting the West coast of North America based on eight years of SSM/I satellite observations
P.J. Neiman, F.M. Ralph, G.A. Wick, J.D. Lundquist, M. D. Dettinger
2008, Journal of Hydrometeorology (9) 22-47
The pre-cold-frontal low-level jet within oceanic extratropical cyclones represents the lower-tropospheric component of a deeper corridor of concentrated water vapor transport in the cyclone warm sector. These corridors are referred to as atmospheric rivers (ARs) because they are narrow relative to their length scale and are responsible for most of...
Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae)
Holliman F. Michael, Denise Davis, Arthur E. Bogan, Thomas J. Kwak, W. Gregory Cope, Jay F. Levine
2008, Invertebrate Biology (127) 396-402
We examined the soft tissues of live freshwater mussels, Eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata, via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquiring data with a widely available human whole-body MRI system. Anatomical features depicted in the profile images included the foot, stomach, intestine, anterior and posterior adductor muscles, and pericardial cavity. Noteworthy observations on...
Environmental versus genetic influences on growth rates of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi and Porites lobata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
L.W. Smith, H.H. Wirshing, A.C. Baker, C. Birkeland
2008, Pacific Science (62) 57-69
Reciprocal transplant experiments of the corals Pocillopora eydouxi Milne Edwards & Haime and Porites lobata Dana were carried out for an 18-month period from September 2004 to March 2006 between two back reef pools on Ofu Island, American Samoa, to test environmental versus genetic effects on skeletal growth rates. Skeletal...
Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading
P. J. Mulholland, A. M. Helton, G. C. Poole, R. O. Hall Jr., S. K. Hamilton, B. J. Peterson, J. L. Tank, L. R. Ashkenas, L. W. Cooper, Clifford N. Dahm, W. K. Dodds, S.E.G. Findlay, S.V. Gregory, N. B. Grimm, S. L. Johnson, W. H. McDowell, J.L. Meyer, H. M. Valett, J.R. Webster, C. P. Arango, J. J. Beaulieu, M. J. Bernot, A. J. Burgin, C. L. Crenshaw, L. T. Johnson, B.R. Niederlehner, J. M. O’Brien, J. D. Potter, R.W. Sheibley, D. J. Sobota, S. M. Thomas
2008, Nature (452) 202-205
Anthropogenic addition of bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere is increasing and terrestrial ecosystems are becoming increasingly nitrogen-saturated, causing more bioavailable nitrogen to enter groundwater and surface waters. Large-scale nitrogen budgets show that an average of about 20-25 per cent of the nitrogen added to the biosphere is exported from rivers...
Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 1. Revised conceptualization of groundwater flow
Robert A. Renken, Kevin J. Cunningham, Allen M. Shapiro, Ronald W. Harvey, Michael R. Zygnerski, David W. Metge, Michael A. Wacker
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
The Biscayne aquifer is a highly transmissive karst limestone that serves as the sole source of drinking water to over two million residents in south Florida. The aquifer is characterized by eogenetic karst, where the most transmissive void space can be an interconnected, touching‐vug, biogenically influenced porosity of biogenic origin....
Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships?
J.M. Drake, E.E. Cleland, M. C. Horner-Devine, E. Fleishman, C. Bowles, M. D. Smith, K. Carney, S. Emery, J. Gramling, D.B. Vandermast, J.B. Grace
2008, American Midland Naturalist (159) 55-66
The relationship between ecosystem processes and species richness is an active area of research and speculation. Both theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted in numerous ecosystems. One finding of these studies is that the shape of the relationship between productivity and species richness varies considerably among ecosystems and at...
Passive microwave (SSM/I) satellite predictions of valley glacier hydrology, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska
S.E. Kopczynski, J. Ramage, D. Lawson, S. Goetz, E. Evenson, J. Denner, G. Larson
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
We advance an approach to use satellite passive microwave observations to track valley glacier snowmelt and predict timing of spring snowmelt-induced floods at the terminus. Using 37 V GHz brightness temperatures (Tb) from the Special Sensor Microwave hnager (SSM/I), we monitor snowmelt onset when both Tb and the difference between...
Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa)
T.P. Augspurger, D. E. Tillitt, S.J. Bursian, S.D. Fitzgerald, D.E. Hinton, R.T. Di Giulio
2008, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (55) 659-669
We examined the sensitivity of the wood duck (Aix sponsa) embryo to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by injecting the toxicant into their eggs. Six groups of wood duck eggs (n = 35 to 211 per trial) were injected with 0 to 4600 pg TCDD/g egg between 2003 and 2005. Injections were made...
An autocorrelation method to detect low frequency earthquakes within tremor
J.R. Brown, G. C. Beroza, D.R. Shelly
2008, Geophysical Research Letters (35)
Recent studies have shown that deep tremor in the Nankai Trough under western Shikoku consists of a swarm of low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that occur as slow shear slip on the down-dip extension of the primary seismogenic zone of the plate interface. The similarity of tremor in other locations suggests...
Evaluation of an offline method for the analysis of atmospheric reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury
A.P. Rutter, K.L. Hanford, J.T. Zwers, A. L. Perillo-Nicholas, J.J. Schauer, M.L. Olson
2008, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association (58) 377-383
Reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected in Milwaukee, WI, between April 2004 and May 2005, and in Riverside, CA, between July 25 and August 7, 2005 using sorbent and filter substrates. The substrates were analyzed for mercury by thermal desorption analysis (TDA) using a purpose-built instrument....
Chronic toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna in a continuous exposure, flow-through test system
J.R. Meinertz, Shari L. Greseth, M.P. Gaikowski, L.J. Schmidt
2008, Science of the Total Environment (392) 225-232
A flow-through, continuous exposure test system was developed to expose Daphnia magna to an unstable compound. 35% Perox-Aid?? is a specially formulated hydrogen peroxide (a highly oxidative chemical) product approved for use in U.S. aquaculture and therefore has the potential to be released from aquaculture facilities and pose a risk...
