Environmental geochemistry of shale-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn massive sulfide deposits in northwest Alaska: Natural background concentrations of metals in water from mineralized areas
K.D. Kelley, C. D. Taylor
1997, Applied Geochemistry (12) 397-409
Red Dog, Lik and Drenchwater are shale-hosted stratiform Ag-Pb-Zn massive sulfide deposits in the northwestern Brooks Range. Natural background concentrations of metals in waters from the undisturbed (unmined) Drenchwater prospect and Lik deposit were compared to pre-mining baseline studies conducted at Red Dog. The primary factors affecting water chemistry are...
Discrimination among populations of sockeye salmon fry with Fourier analysis of otolith banding patterns formed during incubation
James E. Finn, Carl V. Burger, Leslie E. Holland-Bartels
1997, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (126) 559-578
We used otolith banding patterns formed during incubation to discriminate among hatchery- and wild-incubated fry of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from Tustumena Lake, Alaska. Fourier analysis of otolith luminance profiles was used to describe banding patterns: the amplitudes of individual Fourier harmonics were discriminant variables. Correct classification of otoliths to...
Effects of spring environment on nesting phenology and clutch size of Black Brant
M. S. Lindberg, J.S. Sedinger, Paul L. Flint
1997, Condor (99) 381-388
We studied the effects of timing of spring snowmelt on nesting phenology, nest site selection, and clutch size of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) breeding at the Tutakoke river colony, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. In late springs, brant nested later: however, time between peak arrival at Tutakoke and nest initiation (6...
Wind assistance: A requirement for migration of shorebirds?
Robert W. Butler, Tony D. Williams, Nils Warnock, Mary Anne Bishop
1997, The Auk (114) 456-466
We investigated the importance of wind-assisted flight for northward (spring) migration by Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) along the Pacific Coast of North America. Using current models of energy costs of flight and recent data on the phenology of migration, we estimated the energy (fat) requirements for migration in calm winds...
Food of Flesh-footed shearwaters Puffinus carneipes associated with high-seas driftnets in the central North Pacific Ocean
Patrick J. Gould, Peggy H. Ostrom, William Walker
1997, Emu (97) 168-173
We examined digestive tract contents and stable nitrogen isotope ratios in breast muscles of Flesh-footed Shearwaters Puffinus carneipes associated with high-seas driftnet fisheries in the central North Pacific Ocean. Small fish, Lanternfish (Myctophidae) and Pacific Saury Cololabis saira, were the principal prey found in the digestive tracts. Pieces of unidentified...
Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest
Steven M. Matsuoka, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel D. Roby
1997, Condor (99) 271-281
We investigated the nesting ecology of Townsend's Warblers (Dendroica townsendi) from 1993-1995 in an unfragmented boreal forest along the lower slopes of the Chugach Mountains in southcentral Alaska. We examined habitat characteristics of nest sites in relation to factors influencing reproductive success. Almost all territory-holding males (98%, n = 40)...
Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska
A. C. Fowler, Paul L. Flint
1997, Marine Pollution Bulletin (34) 522-526
Following an oil spill off St Paul Island, Alaska in February 1996, persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider (Somateria spectabilis) carcasses were estimated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. Carcass persistence rates varied by day, beach type and sex, while detection probabilities varied by day and beach type. Scavenging,...
A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska
L.K. Thorsteinson, D.L. Taylor
1997, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (33) 795-810
The National Park Service and the National Biological Service initiated research in Denali National Park and Preserve, a 2.4 million-hectare park in southcentral Alaska, to develop ecological monitoring protocols for national parks in the Arctic/Subarctic biogeographic area. We are focusing pilot studies on design questions, on scaling issues and regionalization,...
Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer
Kim T. Scribner, Michael H. Smith, Ronald K. Chesser
1997, Journal of Mammalogy (78) 744-755
Techniques are described that define contiguous genetic subpopulations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) based on the spatial dispersion of 4,749 individuals that possessed discrete character values (alleles or genotypes) during each of 6 years (1974-1979). White-tailed deer were not uniformly distributed in space, but exhibited considerable spatial genetic structuring. Significant...
The relative importance of nesting and foraging sites in selection of breeding territories by Townsend's Warblers
Steven M. Matsuoka, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel D. Roby, D.L. Thomas
1997, The Auk (114) 657-667
We investigated habitat selection by the Townsend's Warbler (Dendroica townsendi), a Netropical-Nearctic migrant that breeds primarily in mature coniferous forests. From 1993 to 1994, we compared the features of habitat selected for nest sites and foraging sites with those selected for territories in mature, mixed coniferous-deciduous forests in south-central Alaska....
The 1995 revision of the joint US/UK geomagnetic field models. II: Main field
J.M. Quinn, R.J. Coleman, S. Macmillan, D.R. Barraclough
1997, Earth, Planets and Space (49) 245-261
This paper presents the 1995 main-field revision of the World Magnetic Model (WMM-95). It is based on Project MAGNET high-level (??? 15,000 ft.) vector aeromagnetic survey data collected between 1988 and 1994 and on scalar total intensity data collected by the Polar Orbiting Geomagnetic Survey (POGS) satellite during the period...
Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska
K.C. Seramur, R.D. Powell, P.R. Carlson
1997, Marine Geology (140) 307-327
In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location...
Late quaternary regional geoarchaeology of Southeast Alaska Karst: A progress report
E. J. Dixon, T. H. Heaton, T. E. Fifield, Thomas D. Hamilton, D. E. Putnam, F. Grady
1997, Geoarchaeology - An International Journal (12) 689-712
Karst systems, sea caves, and rock shelters within the coastal temperate rain forest of Alaska's Alexander Archipelago preserve important records of regional archaeology, sea level history, glacial and climatic history, and vertebrate paleontology. Two 14C AMS dates on human bone discovered in a remote cave (49-PET-408) on Prince of Wales...
Soluble trace elements and total mercury in Arctic Alaskan snow
E. Snyder-Conn, John R. Garbarino, Gerald L. Hoffman, A. Oelkers
1997, Arctic (50) 201-215
Ultraclean field and laboratory procedures were used to examine trace element concentrations in northern Alaskan snow. Sixteen soluble trace elements and total mercury were determined in snow core samples representing the annual snowfall deposited during the 1993-94 season at two sites in the Prudhoe Bay oil field and nine sites...
A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
M.M. Morrissey, B. A. Chouet
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 7965-7983
We use numerical simulations of transonic flow through a crack to study the dynamics of the formation of shock waves downstream from a nozzle-like constriction inside the crack. The model solves the full set of Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions via an explicit multifield finite difference representation. The crack walls...
Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska
Dan Binkley, F. Suarez, R. Stottlemyer, B. Caldwell
1997, Écoscience (4) 311-318
Riverside terraces along the Kugururok River in the Noatak National Preserve provided an opportunity to study primary succession, considering general trends that apply across all terraces, and unique events that influence individual terraces. The 30-year-old willow/poplar (Salix spp., Populus balsamifera L.) terrace had no trees taller than 1.5 m; the...
Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem
Theodore C. Foin, E. Jacqueline Garcia, Robert E. Gill Jr., Steven D. Culberson, Joshua N. Collins
1997, Landscape and Urban Planning (38) 229-243
The California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), a Federal- and State-listed endangered marsh bird, has a geographic range restricted to one of the most heavily-urbanized estuaries in the world. The rail population has long been in a state of decline, although the exact contribution of each of the many contributing...
Grizzly bear predation rates on caribou calves in northeastern Alaska
Donald D. Young Jr., Thomas R. McCabe
1997, Journal of Wildlife Management (61) 1056-1066
During June 1993 and 1994, 11 radiocollared and 7 unmarked grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) were monitored visually (observation) from fixed-wing aircraft to document predation on calves of the Porcupine Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Herd (PCH) in northeastern Alaska. Twenty-six (72%) grizzly bear observations were completed (???60 min) successfully (median duration =...
Lithofacies and seismic-reflection interpretation of temperate glacimarine sedimentation in Tarr Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska
J. Cai, R.D. Powell, E. A. Cowan, P.R. Carlson
1997, Marine Geology (143) 5-37
High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of sediment fill within Tart Inlet of Glacier Bay, Alaska, show seismic facies changes with increasing distance from the glacial termini. Five types of seismic facies are recognized from analysis of Huntec and minisparker records, and seven lithofacies are determined from detailed sedimentologic study of gravity-, vibro-...
Distribution of autumn-staging Lesser Snow Geese on the northeast coastal plain of Alaska
Donna G. Robertson, Alan W. Brackney, Michael A. Spindler, Jerry W. Hupp
1997, Journal of Field Ornithology (68) 124-134
We conducted aerial surveys of Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) during autumn staging on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeast Alaska from late August through September, 1982 - 1993. We evaluated numbers and distribution of Snow Geese that staged on the ANWR, compared...
Distribution and stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska
David H. Ward, Carl J. Markon, David C. Douglas
1997, Aquatic Botany (58) 229-240
Spatial change in eelgrass meadows, Zostera marina L., was assessed between 1978 and 1987 and between 1987 and 1995 at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. Change in total extent was evaluated through a map to map comparison of data interpreted from a 1978 Landsat multi-spectral scanner image and 1987 black and white...
Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance
S. H. Newman, John F. Piatt, J. White
1997, Colonial Waterbirds (20) 492-504
Blood was analyzed from 151 pelagic marine birds to establish reference ranges for hematological and plasma biochemical parameters from healthy, wild populations of Pacific seabirds. Of the 13 species examined, 9 were from the Family Alcidae (N = 122 individuals) and the remainder (N = 29) from the Families Phalacrocoracidae,...
An integrated model for the tectonic development of the frontal Brooks Range and Colville Basin 250 km west of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect
F. Cole, K. J. Bird, J. Toro, F. Roure, P. B. O’Sullivan, M. Pawlewicz, D. G. Howell
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 20685-20708
We present a kinematic model for the sequence of deformation and sedimentation in the frontal Brooks Range and adjacent Colville Basin in the Etivluk River region, 250 km west of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT). The model is based on a tectonic subsidence analysis of the foreland basin, combined with...
Permian deposition in the north central Brooks Range, Alaska: Constraints for tectonic reconstructions
K.E. Adams, C. G. Mull, R.K. Crowder
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 20727-20748
Two opposing tectonic models have been offered to explain the regional structural relations in the north central Brooks Range fold-thrust belt of northern Alaska. The first suggests that rocks of the northern Endicott Mountains were thrust from south to north over the area of the present Mount Doonerak high and...
Experimental manipulations of snow-depth: Effects on nutrient content of caribou forage
Noreen E. Walsh, Thomas R. McCabe, J.M. Welker, A.N. Parsons
1997, Global Change Biology (3) 158-164
We investigated the potential effects of global climate change on arctic tundra vegetation used as caribou forage. A total of 96 experimental plots was established at six sites on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, in 1993 and 1994. We erected snow-fences to increase the amount...
