Reproductive biology of the red-ruffed fruitcrow pyroderus scutatus granadensis
J.A. Muir, D. Licata, T. E. Martin
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 863-867
We provide a detailed report on the reproductive biology of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus granadensis). Eight nests were found between 2003 and 2007 in tropical montane cloud forest in Yacambu National Park, Lara, Venezuela. All nests were near streams in steep drainages. Nests consisted of twigs arranged in a...
Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States
Janet M. Carter, W.W. Lapham, J.S. Zogorski
2008, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (44) 399-416
Samples of ambient ground water were collected during 1985-2002 from 3,498 wells in 98 aquifer studies throughout the United States. None of the sampled wells were selected because of prior knowledge of nearby contamination. Most of these samples were analyzed for 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to characterize their national...
Sensitivity of summer climate to anthropogenic land-cover change over the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region
M. Georgescu, G. Miguez-Macho, L. T. Steyaert, C.P. Weaver
2008, Journal of Arid Environments (72) 1358-1373
This work evaluates the first-order effect of land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) on the summer climate of one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region. High-resolution-2-km grid spacing-Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations of three "wet" and three "dry" summers were carried out for two different...
Storm-generated coral fragments - A viable source of transplants for reef rehabilitation
V. Garrison, G. Ward
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 3089-3100
Coral reefs throughout the world have been damaged by storms, diseases, coral predators, temperature anomalies, and human activities. During the past three decades, recovery has been limited and patchy. Although a damaged coral reef cannot be restored to its original condition, interest in reef restoration is increasing. In a pilot...
Effects of grade control structures on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of an agriculturally impacted stream
M.E. Litvan, T.W. Stewart, C.L. Pierce, C.J. Larson
2008, River Research and Applications (24) 218-233
Nearly 400 rock rip-rap grade control structures (hereafter GCS) were recently placed in streams of western Iowa, USA to reduce streambank erosion and protect bridge infrastructure and farmland. In this region, streams are characterized by channelized reaches, highly incised banks and silt and sand substrates that normally support low macroinvertebrate...
Chronic wasting disease in a Wisconsin white-tailed deer farm
D.P. Keane, D.J. Barr, P.N. Bochsler, S.M. Hall, T. Gidlewski, K. I. O’Rourke, T.R. Spraker, M.D. Samuel
2008, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (20) 698-703
In September 2002, chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disorder of captive and wild cervids, was diagnosed in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from a captive farm in Wisconsin. The facility was subsequently quarantined, and in January 2006 the remaining 76 deer were depopulated. Sixty animals (79%) were found to...
Do non-native plant species affect the shape of productivity-diversity relationships?
J.M. Drake, E.E. Cleland, M. C. Horner-Devine, E. Fleishman, C. Bowles, M. D. Smith, K. Carney, S. Emery, J. Gramling, D.B. Vandermast, J.B. Grace
2008, American Midland Naturalist (159) 55-66
The relationship between ecosystem processes and species richness is an active area of research and speculation. Both theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted in numerous ecosystems. One finding of these studies is that the shape of the relationship between productivity and species richness varies considerably among ecosystems and at...
Modeled tephra ages from lake sediments, base of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
C.J. Schiff, D. S. Kaufman, K.L. Wallace, A. Werner, T.-L. Ku, T.A. Brown
2008, Quaternary Geochronology (3) 56-67
A 5.6-m-long lake sediment core from Bear Lake, Alaska, located 22 km southeast of Redoubt Volcano, contains 67 tephra layers deposited over the last 8750 cal yr, comprising 15% of the total thickness of recovered sediment. Using 12 AMS 14C ages, along with the 137Cs and 210Pb activities of recent...
Factors influencing nesting success of king eiders on northern Alaska's Coastal Plain
R.L. Bentzen, A.N. Powell, R.S. Suydam
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 1781-1789
King eider (Somateria spectabilis) populations have declined markedly in recent decades for unknown reasons. Nest survival is one component of recruitment, and a female's chance of reproductive success increases with her ability to choose an appropriate nesting strategy. We estimated variation in daily nest survival of king eiders at 2...
Restoring habitat permeability to roaded landscapes with isometrically-scaled wildlife crossings
J.A. Bissonette, W. Adair
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 482-488
Globally, human activities impact from one-third to one-half of the earth's land surface; a major component of development involves the construction of roads. In the US and Europe, road networks fragment normal animal movement patterns, reduce landscape permeability, and increase wildlife-vehicle collisions, often with serious wildlife population and human health...
Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA
R.R. Seal II, J. M. Hammarstrom, A.N. Johnson, N.M. Piatak, G.A. Wandless
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 320-342
The abandoned Valzinco mine, which worked a steeply dipping Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit in the Virginia Au-pyrite belt, contributed significant metal-laden acid-mine drainage to the Knight's Branch watershed. The host rocks were dominated by metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks, which offered limited acid-neutralizing potential. The ores were dominated by pyrite, sphalerite,...
Three-dimensional flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer
N. Sepulveda
2008, Ground Water (46) 144-155
An analytical solution for three-dimensional (3D) flow in the storative semiconfining layers of a leaky aquifer fully penetrated by a production well is developed in this article to provide a method from which accurate hydraulic parameters in the semiconfining layers can be derived from aquifer test data. The analysis of...
Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 1. Revised conceptualization of groundwater flow
Robert A. Renken, Kevin J. Cunningham, Allen M. Shapiro, Ronald W. Harvey, Michael R. Zygnerski, David W. Metge, Michael A. Wacker
2008, Water Resources Research (44)
The Biscayne aquifer is a highly transmissive karst limestone that serves as the sole source of drinking water to over two million residents in south Florida. The aquifer is characterized by eogenetic karst, where the most transmissive void space can be an interconnected, touching‐vug, biogenically influenced porosity of biogenic origin....
The influence of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial phosphorus uptake and bacteria-phytoplankton dynamics in two Minnesota lakes
E.G. Stets, J.B. Cotner
2008, Limnology and Oceanography (53) 137-147
The balance of production in any ecosystem is dependent on the flow of limiting nutrients into either the autotrophic or heterotrophic components of the food web. To understand one of the important controls on the flow of inorganic nutrients between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in lakes, we manipulated dissolved organic carbon...
Bald eagles and sea otters in the Aleutian Archipelago: indirect effects of trophic cascades.
R.G. Anthony, J. A. Estes, M.A. Ricca, A.K. Miles, E.D. Forsman
2008, Ecology (89) 2725-2735
Because sea otters (Enhydra lutris) exert a wide array of direct and indirect effects on coastal marine ecosystems throughout their geographic range, we investigated the potential influence of sea otters on the ecology of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. We studied the diets,...
Factors affecting detection of burrowing owl nests during standardized surveys
C.J. Conway, V. Garcia, M. D. Smith, K. Hughes
2008, Journal of Wildlife Management (72) 688-696
Identifying causes of declines and evaluating effects of management practices on persistence of local populations of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) requires accurate estimates of abundance and population trends. Moreover, regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada typically require surveys to detect nest burrows prior to approving developments or other...
Top predators in relation to bathymetry, ice and krill during austral winter in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica
C. A. Ribic, E. Chapman, William R. Fraser, G.L. Lawson, P.H. Wiebe
2008, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (55) 485-499
A key hypothesis guiding the US Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (US SO GLOBEC) program is that deep across-shelf troughs facilitate the transport of warm and nutrient-rich waters onto the continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, resulting in enhanced winter production and prey availability to top predators. We...
Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines
K.L. Cole, J. Fisher, S.T. Arundel, J. Cannella, S. Swift
2008, Journal of Biogeography (35) 257-269
Aim: The geographical extent and climatic tolerances of one- and two-needled pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides) are the focus of questions in taxonomy, palaeoclimatology and modelling of future distributions. The identification of these pines, traditionally classified by one- versus two-needled fascicles, is complicated by populations with both one- and two-needled...
Cost-effective management alternatives for Snake river chinook salmon: A biological-economic synthesis
D.L. Halsing, M.R. Moore
2008, Conservation Biology (22) 338-350
The mandate to increase endangered salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin of North America has created a complex, controversial resource-management issue. We constructed an integrated assessment model as a tool for analyzing biological-economic trade-offs in recovery of Snake River spring- and summer-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We merged 3...
Correlation of the Deccan and Rajahmundry Trap lavas: Are these the longest and largest lava flows on Earth?
Stephen Self, Anne E. Jay, Michael Widdowson, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (172) 3-19
We propose that the Rajahmundry Trap lavas, found near the east coast of peninsular India,are remnants of the longest lava flows yet recognized on Earth (∼ 1000 km long). These outlying Deccan-like lavas are shown to belong to the main Deccan Traps. Several previous studies have already suggested this correlation, but have...
Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California
C. K. Paull, W. R. Normark, W. Ussler III, D.W. Caress, R. Keaten
2008, Marine Geology (250) 258-275
Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (??? 800??m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and...
Near-surface location, geometry, and velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California
R. D. Catchings, G. Gandhok, M. R. Goldman, D. Okaya, M. J. Rymer, G.W. Bawden
2008, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (98) 124-138
High-resolution seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction imaging, combined with existing borehole, earthquake, and paleoseismic trenching data, suggest that the Santa Monica fault zone in Los Angeles consists of multiple strands from several kilometers depth to the near surface. We interpret our seismic data as showing two shallow-depth low-angle fault strands and multiple...
Linking environmental risk assessment and communication: An experiment in co-evolving scientific and social knowledge
E.A. Graffy, N.L. Booth
2008, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (8) 132-146
Dissemination of information to decision-makers and enhanced methods of public participation are often put forward as antidotes to a perceived disconnect between risk assessment and risk communication in the public domain. However, mechanisms that support both the provision of routine, timely and relevant technical knowledge to the public and meaningful...
Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining
David M. Borrok, David Nimick, Richard B. Wanty, William I. Ridley
2008, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (72) 329-344
Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical...
Role of NSO compounds during primary cracking of a Type II kerogen and a Type III lignite
F. Behar, F. Lorant, M. Lewan
2008, Organic Geochemistry (39) 1-22
The aim of this work is to follow the generation of NSO compounds during the artificial maturation of an immature Type II kerogen and a Type III lignite in order to determine the different sources of the petroleum potential during primary cracking. Experiments were carried out in closed system pyrolysis...
