Growing up green on serpentine soils: Biogeochemistry of serpentine vegetation in the Central Coast Range of California
C. Oze, C. Skinner, A.W. Schroth, R. G. Coleman
2008, Applied Geochemistry (23) 3391-3403
Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting...
An annual plant growth proxy in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data
C.S.A. Wallace, K.A. Thomas
2008, Sensors (8) 7792-7808
In the arid Mojave Desert, the phenological response of vegetation is largely dependent upon the timing and amount of rainfall, and maps of annual plant cover at any one point in time can vary widely. Our study developed relative annual plant growth models as proxies for annual plant cover using...
Integrating remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model for estimating forest ecosystem carbon dynamics
J. Liu, S. Liu, Thomas R. Loveland, L.L. Tieszen
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 361-372
Land cover change is one of the key driving forces for ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. We present an approach for using sequential remotely sensed land cover observations and a biogeochemical model to estimate contemporary and future ecosystem carbon trends. We applied the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for the...
Volatile emissions and gas geochemistry of Hot Spring Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA
C. Werner, S. Hurwitz, William C. Evans, J. B. Lowenstern, D. Bergfeld, H. Heasler, C. Jaworowski, A. Hunt
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (178) 751-762
We characterize and quantify volatile emissions at Hot Spring Basin (HSB), a large acid-sulfate region that lies just outside the northeastern edge of the 640 ka Yellowstone Caldera. Relative to other thermal areas in Yellowstone, HSB gases are rich in He and H2, and mildly enriched in CH4 and H2S....
Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical scheme for simulating advection, dispersion, and transient storage in streams and a comparison of numerical methods
T.J. Cox, R.L. Runkel
2008, Journal of Environmental Engineering (134) 996-1005
Past applications of one-dimensional advection, dispersion, and transient storage zone models have almost exclusively relied on a central differencing, Eulerian numerical approximation to the nonconservative form of the fundamental equation. However, there are scenarios where this approach generates unacceptable error. A new numerical scheme for this type...
4D volcano gravimetry
Maurizio Battaglia, J. Gottsmann, D. Carbone, J. Fernandez
2008, Geophysics (73) WA3-WA18
Time-dependent gravimetric measurements can detect subsurface processes long before magma flow leads to earthquakes or other eruption precursors. The ability of gravity measurements to detect subsurface mass flow is greatly enhanced if gravity measurements are analyzed and modeled with ground-deformation data. Obtaining the maximum information from microgravity studies requires careful...
Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos, Cameroon, before and during controlled degassing
M. Kusakabe, T. Ohba, Issa, Y. Yoshida, H. Satake, T. Ohizumi, William C. Evans, G. Tanyileke, G.W. Kling
2008, Geochemical Journal (42) 93-118
Evolution of CO2 in Lakes Monoun and Nyos (Cameroon) before and during controlled degassing is described using results of regular monitoring obtained during the last 21 years. The CO2(aq) profiles soon after the limnic eruptions were estimated for Lakes Monoun and Nyos using the CTD data obtained in October and November 1986,...
Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia
W.H. Cheung, G.B. Senay, A. Singh
2008, International Journal of Climatology (28) 1723-1734
As a country whose economy is heavily dependent on low-productivity rainfed agriculture, rainfall trends are often cited as one of the more important factors in explaining various socio-economic problems such as food insecurity. Therefore, in order to help policymakers and developers make more informed decisions, this study investigated the temporal...
Evidence for ponding and catastrophic floods in central Valles Marineris, Mars
K.P. Harrison, M. G. Chapman
2008, Icarus (198) 351-364
The Valles Marineris canyon system of Mars is closely related to large flood channels, some of which emerge full born from chaotic terrain in canyon floors. Coprates Chasma, one of the largest Valles Marineris canyons, is connected at its west end to Melas Chasma and on its east end to...
Reproductive biology of the red-ruffed fruitcrow pyroderus scutatus granadensis
J.A. Muir, D. Licata, T. E. Martin
2008, Wilson Journal of Ornithology (120) 863-867
We provide a detailed report on the reproductive biology of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus granadensis). Eight nests were found between 2003 and 2007 in tropical montane cloud forest in Yacambu National Park, Lara, Venezuela. All nests were near streams in steep drainages. Nests consisted of twigs arranged in a...
Resolving model parameter values from carbon and nitrogen stock measurements in a wide range of tropical mature forests using nonlinear inversion and regression trees
S. Liu, P. Anderson, G. Zhou, B. Kauffman, F. Hughes, D. Schimel, Vicente Watson, Joseph Tosi
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 327-341
Objectively assessing the performance of a model and deriving model parameter values from observations are critical and challenging in landscape to regional modeling. In this paper, we applied a nonlinear inversion technique to calibrate the ecosystem model CENTURY against carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock measurements collected from 39 mature...
Sympatric Masticophis flagellum and Coluber constrictor select vertebrate prey at different levels of taxonomy
B.J. Halstead, H.R. Mushinsky, E.D. McCoy
2008, Copeia 897-908
Masticophis flagellum (Coachwhip) and Coluber constrictor (Eastern Racer) are widespread North American snakes with similar foraging modes and habits. Little is known about the selection of prey by either species, and despite their apparently similar foraging habits, comparative studies of the foraging ecology of sympatric M. flagellum and C. constrictor...
Sprint swimming performance of wild bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)
M.G. Mesa, J. Phelps, L.K. Weiland
2008, Northwest Science (82) 1-6
We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the sprint swimming performance of wild juvenile and adult bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. Sprint swimming speeds were estimated using high-speed digital video analysis. Thirty two bull trout were tested in sizes ranging from about 10 to 31 cm. Of these, 14 fish showed at...
Containment of fluid samples in the hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell without the use of metal gaskets: Performance and advantages for in situ analysis
I.-M. Chou, William A. Bassett, Alan J. Anderson, Robert A. Mayanovic, L. Shang
2008, Review of Scientific Instruments (79)
Metal gaskets (Re, Ir, Inconel, or stainless steel) normally used to contain fluid samples in the hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC) are sometimes undesirable due to possible contamination and to gasket deformation at high pressures and temperatures resulting in nonisochoric behavior. Furthermore, in x-ray spectroscopic experiments, metal gaskets may attenuate the...
Recent extreme avalanches: Triggered by climate change?
C. Huggel, J. Caplan-Auerbach, Rick Wessels
2008, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (89) 469-470
On 25 September 2008, seismo meters operated by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) registered strong ground shaking. On the basis of previous experience with such large seismic signals, AVO personnel were able to rapidly identify the seismic event as an avalanche. Two days later, an AVO overflight of Iliamna volcano,...
Radar imaging of winter seismic survey activity in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
Benjamin M. Jones, Russ Rykhus, Z. Lu, C.D. Arp, D.J. Selkowitz
2008, Polar Record (44) 227-231
During the spring of 2006, Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery was acquired on a continual basis for the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (TLSA), in the northeast portion of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPR-A) in order to monitor lake ice melting processes. During data processing, it was discovered that...
Storm-generated coral fragments - A viable source of transplants for reef rehabilitation
V. Garrison, G. Ward
2008, Biological Conservation (141) 3089-3100
Coral reefs throughout the world have been damaged by storms, diseases, coral predators, temperature anomalies, and human activities. During the past three decades, recovery has been limited and patchy. Although a damaged coral reef cannot be restored to its original condition, interest in reef restoration is increasing. In a pilot...
Economic decision making and the application of nonparametric prediction models
Emil D. Attanasi, Timothy C. Coburn, Philip A. Freeman
2008, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering (11) 1089-1096
Sustained increases in energy prices have focused attention on gas resources in low-permeability shale or in coals that were previously considered economically marginal. Daily well deliverability is often relatively small, although the estimates of the total volumes of recoverable resources in these settings are often large. Planning and development decisions...
Decreased mortality of lake michigan chinook salmon after bacterial kidney disease challenge: Evidence for pathogen-driven selection?
M. K. Purcell, A.L. Murray, A. Elz, L.K. Park, S.V. Marcquenski, J. R. Winton, S.W. Alcorn, R.J. Pascho, D.G. Elliott
2008, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (20) 225-235
In the late 1960s, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Green River, Washington, were successfully introduced into Lake Michigan. During spring from1988 to 1992, large fish die-offs affecting Chinook salmon occurred in the lake. Multiple ecological factors probably contributed to the severity of the fish kills, but the only disease...
GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications
F.J.M. Simoes, C.T. Yang
2008, International Journal of Sediment Research (23) 299-315
In part 1 of this two-paper series, a brief summary of the basic concepts and theories used in developing the Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation (GSTARS) computer models was presented. Part 2 provides examples that illustrate some of the capabilities of the GSTARS models and how they...
Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite
S. Dai, L. Tian, C. L. Chou, Y. Zhou, M. Zhang, L. Zhao, Jingyuan Wang, Z. Yang, H. Cao, D. Ren
2008, International Journal of Coal Geology (76) 318-327
Some townships in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, have one of the highest lung cancer mortality rates in China and the epidemic disease in the area has generally been attributed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released from domestic coal burning. However, the cancer-causing culprit is not settled as Tian...
Chapter 24 Lateral variability of the estuarine turbidity maximum in a tidal strait
N. K. Ganju, D. H. Schoellhamer
2008, Proceedings in Marine Science (9) 339-355
The behavior of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) in response to freshwater flow, tidal forcing, and bed dynamics has been studied extensively by many researchers. However, the majority of investigations focus on the longitudinal position and strength of the ETM, which can vary over tidal, spring-neap, and seasonal timescales. ETMs...
Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change
R. Scott Anderson, R.B. Jass, J.L. Toney, Craig D. Allen, L. M. Cisneros-Dozal, M. Hess, Jeff Heikoop, J. Fessenden
2008, Quaternary Research (69) 263-275
Chihuahueños Bog (2925 m) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico contains one of the few records of late-glacial and postglacial development of the mixed conifer forest in southwestern North America. The Chihuahueños Bog record extends to over 15,000 cal yr BP. AnArtemisiasteppe, then an openPiceawoodland grew...
Molecular and structural characterization of dissolved organic matter from the deep ocean by FTICR-MS, including hydrophilic nitrogenous organic molecules
T. Reemtsma, A. These, M. Linscheid, J. Leenheer, A. Spitzy
2008, Environmental Science & Technology (42) 1430-1437
Dissolved organic matter isolated from the deep Atlantic Ocean and fractionated into a so-called hydrophobic (HPO) fraction and a very hydrophilic (HPI) fraction was analyzed for the first time by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to resolve the molecular species, to determine their exact masses, and to...
Evaluating intercepts from demographic models to understand resource limitation and resource thresholds
M. J. Reynolds-Hogland, J.S. Hogland, M.S. Mitchell
2008, Ecological Modelling (211) 424-432
Understanding resource limitation is critical to effective management and conservation of wild populations, however resource limitation is difficult to quantify partly because resource limitation is a dynamic process. Specifically, a resource that is limiting at one time may become non-limiting at another time, depending upon changes in its availability and...
