Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama
R. A. Zielinski, A. L. Foster, G.P. Meeker, I. K. Brownfield
2007, Fuel (86) 560-572
An arsenic-rich (As = 55 ppm) bituminous feed coal from the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama and its derivative fly ash (As = 230 ppm) were selected for detailed investigation of arsenic residence and chemical forms. Analytical techniques included microbeam analysis, selective extraction, and As K-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy....
Role of hydrous iron oxide formation in attenuation and diel cycling of dissolved trace metals in a stream affected by acid rock drainage
Stephen R. Parker, Christopher H. Gammons, Clain A. Jones, David A. Nimick
2007, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (181) 247-263
Mining-impacted streams have been shown to undergo diel (24-h) fluctuations in concentrations of major and trace elements. Fisher Creek in south-central Montana, USA receives acid rock drainage (ARD) from natural and mining-related sources. A previous diel field study found substantial changes in dissolved metal concentrations at three sites with differing...
Early vegetation development on an exposed reservoir: Implications for dam removal
G.T. Auble, P.B. Shafroth, M. L. Scott, J. E. Roelle
2007, Environmental Management (39) 806-818
The 4-year drawdown of Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado, for dam maintenance, provides a case study analog of vegetation response on sediment that might be exposed from removal of a tall dam. Early vegetation recovery on the exposed reservoir bottom was a combination of (1) vegetation colonization on bare, moist substrates typical...
Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams
M.H. Cox, G.W. Su, J. Constantz
2007, Ground Water (45) 187-195
Commonly measured water quality parameters were compared to heat as tracers of stream water exchange with ground water. Temperature, specific conductance, and chloride were sampled at various frequencies in the stream and adjacent wells over a 2-year period. Strong seasonal variations in stream water...
Groundwater flow with energy transport and water-ice phase change: Numerical simulations, benchmarks, and application to freezing in peat bogs
J.M. McKenzie, Clifford I. Voss, D. I. Siegel
2007, Advances in Water Resources (30) 966-983
In northern peatlands, subsurface ice formation is an important process that can control heat transport, groundwater flow, and biological activity. Temperature was measured over one and a half years in a vertical profile in the Red Lake Bog, Minnesota. To successfully simulate the transport of heat within the peat profile,...
Distribution and accumulation of mercury in tissues of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks
K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, R. K. Hines, W. H. Karasov
2007, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (26) 1047-1055
We determined the distribution and accumulation of Hg in tissues of common loon (Gavia immer) chicks maintained for up to 15 weeks on either a control diet with no added methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) or one containing either 0.4 or 1.2 ??g Hg (as MeHgCl)/g wet-weight food. Total Hg and MeHg...
Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog
K.E. Boul, W.C. Funk, C.R. Darst, D.C. Cannatella, M.J. Ryan
2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (274) 399-406
One proposed mechanism of speciation is divergent sexual selection, whereby divergence in female preferences and male signals results in behavioural isolation. Despite the appeal of this hypothesis, evidence for it remains inconclusive. Here, we present several lines of evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation among populations...
Sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at a residential neighborhood impacted by industrial sources
H. Manolopoulos, D.C. Snyder, James J Schauer, J.S. Hill, J.R. Turner, Mark L. Olson, David P. Krabbenhoft
2007, Environmental Science & Technology (41) 5626-5633
Speciated measurements of atmospheric mercury plumes were obtained at an industrially impacted residential area of East St. Louis, IL. These plumes were found to result in extremely high mercury concentrations at ground level that were composed of a wide distribution of mercury species. Ground level concentrations as high as 235...
Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper
Rosaly Lopes, K. L. Mitchell, Ellen R. Stofan, Jonathan I. Lunine, Ralf D. Lorenz, F. Paganelli, Randolph L. Kirk, C. A. Wood, Stephen D. Wall, L.E. Robshaw, A.D. Fortes, Catherine D. Neish, Jani Radebaugh, E. Reffet, S.J. Ostro, Charles Elachi, M.D. Allison, Y. Anderson, R. Boehmer, G. Boubin, Philip S. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, E. Flamini, G. Francescetti, Y. Gim, G. Hamilton, S. Hensley, Michael A. Janssen, W.T.K. Johnson, K. Kelleher, D.O. Muhleman, G. Ori, R. Orosei, G. Picardi, F. Posa, L.E. Roth, R. Seu, S. Shaffer, Laurence A. Soderblom, B. Stiles, S. Vetrella, R.D. West, L. Wye, H. A. Zebker
2007, Icarus (186) 395-412
The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan's surface during four fly-bys during the mission's first year. These images show that Titan's surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from...
Mercury exposure and effects on cavity-nesting birds from the Carson River, Nevada
Christine M. Custer, T. W. Custer, E. F. Hill
2007, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (52) 129-136
Mercury (Hg) concentrations were 15-40 times higher in the eggs and livers of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) that nested along the Carson River at and below Dayton, Nevada than in the same species above the mining-impacted areas. Hg contamination was mainly the result of processing...
Sediment compaction rates and subsidence in deltaic plains: Numerical constraints and stratigraphic influences
T.A. Meckel, Uri S. ten Brink, S.J. Williams
2007, Basin Research (19) 19-31
Natural sediment compaction in deltaic plains influences subsidence rates and the evolution of deltaic morphology. Determining compaction rates requires detailed knowledge of subsurface geotechnical properties and depositional history, neither of which is often readily available. To overcome this lack of knowledge, we numerically forward model the incremental sedimentation and compaction...
Ambiguous taxa: Effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages
T. F. Cuffney, Michael D. Bilger, A.M. Haigler
2007, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (26) 286-307
Damaged and immature specimens often result in macroinvertebrate data that contain ambiguous parent-child pairs (i.e., abundances associated with multiple related levels of the taxonomic hierarchy such as Baetis pluto and the associated ambiguous parent Baetis sp.). The choice of method used to resolve ambiguous parent-child pairs may have a very...
Simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat in sI methane hydrate
W.F. Waite, L.A. Stern, S. H. Kirby, W.J. Winters, D.H. Mason
2007, Geophysical Journal International (169) 767-774
Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of sI methane hydrate were measured as functions of temperature and pressure using a needle probe technique. The temperature dependence was measured between −20°C and 17°C at 31.5 MPa. The pressure dependence was measured between 31.5 and 102 MPa at 14.4°C. Only weak...
Tag return models allowing for harvest and catch and release: Evidence of environmental and management impacts on striped bass fishing and natural mortality rates
H. Jiang, K. H. Pollock, C. Brownie, J.M. Hoenig, R.J. Latour, B.K. Wells, J.E. Hightower
2007, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (27) 387-396
Catch-and-release fisheries have become very important in the management of overexploited recreational fish stocks. Tag return studies, where the tag is removed regardless of fish disposition, have been used to assess the effectiveness of restoration efforts for these fisheries. We extend the instantaneous rate formulation of tag return models to...
Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake
S. E. Hough, P. Pande
2007, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (97) 638-645
Many seismologists have looked at the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake as a key modern calibration event that could be used to improve estimates of magnitudes of large historic mainshocks in stable continental regions. Since no instrumental data are available for important historic events such as the 1819 Allah Bund,...
Pharmaceuticals in on-site sewage effluent and ground water, Western Montana
E. Godfrey, W.W. Woessner, M.J. Benotti
2007, Ground Water (45) 263-271
Human use of pharmaceuticals results in the excretion and disposal of compounds that become part of municipal and domestic waste streams. On-site waste water disposal and leaking city sewer systems can provide avenues for the migration of effluent to the underlying aquifers. This research assessed the occurrence and persistence of...
Cascading events in linked ecological and socioeconomic systems
Debra P. C. Peters, O.E. Sala, Craig D. Allen, A. Covich, M. Brunson
2007, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (5) 221-224
Cascading events that start at small spatial scales and propagate non-linearly through time to influence larger areas often have major impacts on ecosystem goods and services. Events such as wildfires and hurricanes are increasing in frequency and magnitude as systems become more connected through globalization processes. We need to improve...
Using biodynamic models to reconcile differences between laboratory toxicity tests and field biomonitoring with aquatic insects
D.B. Buchwalter, Daniel J. Cain, W.H. Clements, S. N. Luoma
2007, Environmental Science & Technology (41) 4821-4828
Aquatic insects often dominate lotic ecosystems, yet these organisms are under-represented in trace metal toxicity databases. Furthermore, toxicity data for aquatic insects do not appear to reflect their actual sensitivities to metals in nature, because the concentrations required to elicit toxicity...
Interactions between slimy sculpin and trout: Slimy sculpin growth and diet in relation to native and nonnative trout
J. K. H. Zimmerman, B. Vondracek
2007, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (136) 1791-1800
To investigate whether introductions of nonnative trout affect growth and diet of nongame fish in small streams, we designed a field experiment to examine interactions between slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus and native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis or nonnative brown trout Salmo trutta. We hypothesized that brown trout would compete with...
Strategies for survival: Marine mammals
Sara J. Iverson, Alan M. Springer, James L. Bodkin
Robert B. Spies, editor(s)
2007, Book chapter, Long-term ecological change in the northern Gulf of Alaska
No abstract available....
Stochastic uncertainty analysis for solute transport in randomly heterogeneous media using a Karhunen‐Loève‐based moment equation approach
Gaisheng Liu, Zhiming Lu, Dongxiao Zhang
2007, Water Resources Research (43)
A new approach has been developed for solving solute transport problems in randomly heterogeneous media using the Karhunen‐Loève‐based moment equation (KLME) technique proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004). The KLME approach combines the Karhunen‐Loève decomposition of the underlying random conductivity field and the perturbative and polynomial expansions of dependent variables...
Marine mammal populations
Alan M. Springer, Sara J. Iverson, James L. Bodkin
Robert B. Spies, editor(s)
2007, Book chapter, Long-term ecological change in the northern Gulf of Alaska
No abstract available....
Genetic variability in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), determined with microsatellite DNA markers
R. Ward, K. Bowers, R. Hensley, B. Mobley, E. Belouski
2007, Fishery Bulletin (105) 197-206
Variation in the allele frequencies of five microsatellite loci was surveyed in 1256 individual spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) obtained from 12 bays and estuaries from Laguna Madre, Texas, to Charlotte Harbor, Florida, to St. John's River on the Florida Atlantic Coast. Texas and Louisiana collection sites were resampled each year...
Erosion and landscape development decouple strontium and sulfur in the transition to dominance by atmospheric inputs
C.R. Bern, S. Porder, A.R. Townsend
2007, Geoderma (142) 274-284
Weathering and leaching can progressively deplete the pools of soluble, rock-derived elements in soils and ecosystems over millennial time-scales, such that productivity increasingly relies on inputs from atmospheric deposition. This transition has been explored using strontium isotopes, which have been widely assumed to be a proxy for the provenance of...
Calibrating a forest landscape model to simulate frequent fire in Mediterranean-type shrublands
A.D. Syphard, J. Yang, J. Franklin, H.S. He, Jon E. Keeley
2007, Environmental Modelling and Software (22) 1641-1653
In Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), fire disturbance influences the distribution of most plant communities, and altered fire regimes may be more important than climate factors in shaping future MTE vegetation dynamics. Models that simulate the high-frequency fire and post-fire response strategies characteristic of these regions will be important tools for evaluating...
