Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America
R. Peters, B. Jaffe, G. Gelfenbaum
2007, Sedimentary Geology (200) 372-386
Tsunami deposits have been found at more than 60 sites along the Cascadia margin of Western North America, and here we review and synthesize their distribution and sedimentary characteristics based on the published record. Cascadia tsunami deposits are best preserved, and most...
The effects of flooding and sedimentation on seed germination of two bottomland hardwood tree species
Aaron R. Pierce, S.L. King
2007, Wetlands (27) 588-594
Flooding and sedimentation are two of the dominant disturbances that influence tree species composition and succession in floodplain forests. The importance of these disturbances may be most notable during the germination and establishment phases of plant succession. Channelization of most alluvial systems in the southeastern United States has caused dramatic...
Killer whales and marine mammal trends in the North Pacific - A re-examination of evidence for sequential megafauna collapse and the prey-switching hypothesis
P.R. Wade, V.N. Burkanov, M.E. Dahlheim, N.A. Friday, L.W. Fritz, Thomas R. Loughlin, S.A. Mizroch, M.M. Muto, D.W. Rice, L. G. Barrett-Lennard, N.A. Black, A.M. Burdin, J. Calambokidis, S. Cerchio, J.K.B. Ford, J.K. Jacobsen, C.O. Matkin, D.R. Matkin, A.V. Mehta, R.J. Small, J.M. Straley, S.M. McCluskey, G.R. VanBlaricom, P.J. Clapham
2007, Marine Mammal Science (23) 766-802
Springer et al. (2003) contend that sequential declines occurred in North Pacific populations of harbor and fur seals, Steller sea lions, and sea otters. They hypothesize that these were due to increased predation by killer whales, when industrial whaling's removal of large whales as a supposed primary food source precipitated...
Dissolution of biogenic ooze over basement edifices in the equatorial Pacific with implications for hydrothermal ventilation of the oceanic crust
B.A. Bekins, A.J. Spivack, E.E. Davis, L. A. Mayer
2007, Geology (35) 679-682
Recent observations indicate that curious closed depressions in carbonate sediments overlying basement edifices are widespread in the equatorial Pacific. A possible mechanism for their creation is dissolution by fluids exiting basement vents from off-axis hydrothermal flow. Quantitative analysis based on the retrograde solubility...
Effects of habitat management treatments on plant community composition and biomass in a Montane wetland
Jane E. Austin, Janet R. Keough, W.H. Pyle
2007, Wetlands (27) 570-587
Grazing and burning are commonly applied practices that can impact the diversity and biomass of wetland plant communities. We evaluated the vegetative response of wetlands and adjacent upland grasslands to four treatment regimes (continuous idle, fall prescribed burning followed by idle, annual fall cattle grazing, and rotation of summer grazing...
Optimal use of resources structures home ranges and spatial distribution of black bears
M.S. Mitchell, R. A. Powell
2007, Animal Behaviour (74) 219-230
Research has shown that territories of animals are economical. Home ranges should be similarly efficient with respect to spatially distributed resources and this should structure their distribution on a landscape, although neither has been demonstrated empirically. To test these hypotheses, we used home range models that optimize resource use according...
Estimating trend precision and power to detect trends across grouped count data
B. R. Gray, M.M. Burlew
2007, Ecology (88) 2364-2372
Ecologists commonly use grouped or clustered count data to estimate temporal trends in counts, abundance indices, or abundance. For example, the U.S. Breeding Bird Survey data represent multiple counts of birds from within each of multiple, spatially defined routes. Despite a reliance on grouped counts, analytical methods for prospectively estimating...
Sources and transport of algae and nutrients in a Californian river in a semi-arid climate
Nobuhito Ohte, Randy A. Dahlgren, Steven R. Silva, Carol Kendall, Charles R. Kratzer, Daniel H. Doctor
2007, Freshwater Biology (52) 2476-2493
1. To elucidate factors contributing to dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion in the Stockton Deep Water Ship Channel in the lower San Joaquin River, spatial and temporal changes in algae and nutrient concentrations were investigated in relation to flow regime under the semiarid climate conditions. 2. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and loads...
Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual
Vanessa R. von Biela, Verena A. Gill
2007, Technical Report MMM 2007-002
Reproduction in the female sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was relatively unstudied until Sinha et al. (1966) examined 140 reproductive tracts collected 1955-62 and used their findings to describe sea otter reproductive anatomy and biology. Two years later Sinha and Conaway (1968) published a more detailed paper on the ovary of...
Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs
N.L. Jackson, D. R. Smith, R. Tiyarattanachai, K.F. Nordstrom
2007, Geomorphology (89) 172-185
This field study evaluates the effect of nourishing an estuarine beach with gravel to enhance spawning rates by horseshoe crabs. A total of 564??m3 of coarse sand and gravel were emplaced in two 90??m-long treatment segments at Bowers Beach, Delaware, USA from 9 to 11 April 2002. Field data were...
A new ghost-node method for linking different models and initial investigations of heterogeneity and nonmatching grids
J.E. Dickinson, S.C. James, S. Mehl, M. C. Hill, S. A. Leake, G.A. Zyvoloski, C.C. Faunt, A.-A. Eddebbarh
2007, Advances in Water Resources (30) 1722-1736
A flexible, robust method for linking parent (regional-scale) and child (local-scale) grids of locally refined models that use different numerical methods is developed based on a new, iterative ghost-node method. Tests are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional pumped systems that are homogeneous or that have simple heterogeneity. The parent and...
Large-scale scour of the sea floor and the effect of natural armouring processes, land reclamation Maasvlakte 2, port of Rotterdam
S. Boer, E. Elias, S. Aarninkhof, D. Roelvink, T. Vellinga
2007, Conference Paper, Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes
Morphological model computations based on uniform (non-graded) sediment revealed an unrealistically strong scour of the sea floor in the immediate vicinity to the west of Maasvlakte 2. By means of a state-of-the-art graded sediment transport model the effect of natural armouring and sorting of bed material on the scour process...
Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III
Wolf M. Mooij, Julien Martin, Wiley M. Kitchens, Donald L. DeAngelis
2007, Book chapter, Temporal dimensions of landscape ecology: Wildlife responses to variable resources
The Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) is an endangered raptor that occurs as an isolated population, currently of about 2,000 birds, in the wetlands of southern and central Florida, USA. Its exclusive prey species, the apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) is strongly influenced by seasonal changes in...
Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century
Mark Frederick Meier, M.B. Dyurgerov, Ursula K. Rick, William Tad Pfeffer, Suzanne P. Anderson, Andrey F. Glazovsky
2007, Science (317) 1064-1067
Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming, and about 60% of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the two ice sheets. The contribution of these smaller glaciers has accelerated over...
Scale-dependent habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets
Eric D. Stolen, J.A. Collazo, H.F. Percival
2007, Waterbirds (30) 384-393
Foraging habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets (Ardea alba) and Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) was investigated within an estuary with extensive impounded salt marsh habitat. Using a geographic information system, available habitat was partitioned into concentric bands at five, ten, and 15 km radius from nesting colonies to assess the...
Effect of in ovo exposure to an organochlorine mixture extracted from double crested cormorant eggs (Phalacrocorax auritus) and PCB 126 on immune function of juvenile chickens
E.T. Lavoie, F. Wiley, K.A. Grasman, D. E. Tillitt, J.G. Sikarskie, W.W. Bowerman
2007, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (53) 655-661
Organochlorine (OC) contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have been associated with immune modulation in wild fish-eating birds from the Great Lakes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune function of juvenile chickens after in ovo exposure to PCB 126 or an environmentally relevant...
Distinguishing wild vs. stocked lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Ontario: Evidence from carbon and oxygen stable isotope values of otoliths
T. Schaner, W.P. Patterson, B.F. Lantry, R. O'Gorman
2007, Journal of Great Lakes Research (33) 912-916
We investigated the potential for using carbon and oxygen isotope values of otolith carbonate as a method to distinguish naturally produced (wild) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from hatchery-reared lake trout in Lake Ontario. We determined δ 13C(CaCO3) and δ 18O(CaCO3) values of otoliths from juvenile fish taken from two hatcheries, and of otoliths from...
Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on 187Os/188Os and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany District, California
R.J. Walker, J.K. Böhlke, W.F. McDonough, Ji Li
2007, Economic Geology (102) 1079-1089
Osmium isotope compositions and concentrations of Re, platinum group elements (PGE), and Au were determined for host peridotites (serpentinites and barzburgites) and hydrothermally altered ultramafic wall rocks associated with Mother Lode-type hydrothermal gold-quartz vein mineralization in the Alleghany district, California. The host peridotites have Os isotope compositions and Re, PGE,...
Kinematic GPS solutions for aircraft trajectories: Identifying and minimizing systematic height errors associated with atmospheric propagation delays
S. Shan, M. Bevis, E. Kendrick, G.L. Mader, D. Raleigh, K. Hudnut, M. Sartori, D. Phillips
2007, Geophysical Research Letters (34)
When kinematic GPS processing software is used to estimate the trajectory of an aircraft, unless the delays imposed on the GPS signals by the atmosphere are either estimated or calibrated via external observations, then vertical height errors of decimeters can occur. This problem is clearly manifested when the aircraft is...
Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative
Nathan L. Stephenson, Dave Peterson, Daniel B. Fagre, Craig D. Allen, Donald McKenzie, Jill Baron, Kelly O’Brian
2007, Mountain Views (1) 4-9
Mountain ecosystems within our national parks and other protected areas provide valuable goods and services such as clean water, biodiversity conservation, and recreational opportunities, but their potential responses to expected climatic changes are inadequately understood. The Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is a collaboration of scientists whose research focuses on understanding...
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization
I.E. Chesnick, T.I. Todorov, J.A. Centeno, D.E. Newbury, Justin R. Small, K. Potter
2007, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (25) 1095-1104
Paramagnetic manganese (II) can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the processing of calcium during bone formation. At high doses, osteoblasts can take up sufficient quantities of manganese, resulting in marked changes in water proton T1, T2 and magnetization transfer ratio values compared...
Physical and hormonal examination of Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon reproductive stage: A reference guide
M. L. Wildhaber, D. M. Papoulias, A. J. DeLonay, D. E. Tillitt, J.L. Bryan, M.L. Annis
2007, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (23) 382-401
From May 2001 to June 2002 Wildhaber et al. (2005) conducted monthly sampling of Lower Missouri River shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) to develop methods for determination of sex and the reproductive stage of sturgeons in the field. Shovelnose sturgeon were collected from the Missouri River and ultrasonic and endoscopic imagery and...
Weirs: Counting and sampling adult salmonids in streams and rivers
Christian E. Zimmerman, Laura M. Zabkar
2007, Book chapter, Salmonid field protocols handbook: techniques for assessing status and trends in salmon and trout populations.
Weirs—which function as porous barriers built across stream—have long been used to capture migrating fish in flowing waters. For example, the Netsilik peoples of northern Canada used V-shaped weirs constructed of river rocks gathered onsite to capture migrating Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Balikci 1970). Similarly, fences constructed of stakes and...
Highstand fans in the California borderland: The overlooked deep-water depositional systems
Jacob A. Covault, William R. Normark, Brian W. Romans, Stephan A. Graham
2007, Geology (35) 783-786
Contrary to widely used sequence-stratigraphic models, lowstand fans are only part of the turbidite depositional record; our analysis reveals that a comparable volume of coarse-grained sediment has been deposited in California borderland deep-water basins regardless of sea level. Sedimentation rates and periods of...
Diel cycling of zinc in a stream impacted by acid rock drainage: Initial results from a new in situ Zn analyzer
Thomas P. Chapin, David A. Nimick, Chris Gammons, Richard B. Wanty
2007, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (133) 161-167
Recent work has demonstrated that many trace metals undergo dramatic diel (24-h) cycles in near neutral pH streams with metal concentrations reproducibly changing up to 500% during the diel period (Nimick et al., 2003). To examine diel zinc cycles in streams affected by acid rock drainage, we have developed a...
