Recreation monitoring at Acadia National Park
Robert Manning, Charles Jacobi, Jeffrey L. Marion
2006, The George Wright Forum (23) 59-72
Acadia National Park is one of the most intensively used national parks in the United States. While its annual visitation (2.2 million visits in 2004) does not rise to the levels of some of the “crown jewel” western national parks (Yellowstone National Park, for example, accommodated 2.9 million visits in...
Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)
N. Woodman, R. M. Timm
2006, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (119) 437-476
The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiropter: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats. These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification. Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive,...
Multistate survival models and their extensions in Program MARK
Gary C. White, W. L. Kendall, R. J. Barker
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1521-1529
Program MARK provides .100 models for the estimation of population parameters from mark?encounter data. The multistate model of Brownie et al. (1993) and Hestbeck et al. (1991) allows animals to move between states with a probability of transition. The simplest multistate model is an extension of the Cormack?Jolly?Seber (CJS)...
Assessing recreation impacts to cliffs in Shenandoah National Park: Integrating visitor observation with trail and recreation site measurements
K.T. Wood, S.R. Lawson, J. L. Marion
2006, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration (24) 86-110
The rock outcrops and cliffs of Shenandoah National Park provide habitat for several rare and endangered plant and animal species, including the federally endangered Shenandoah Salamander (Plethodon shenandoah; Ludwig et al., 1993). The location of the well-known park tour road, Skyline Drive, along the ridgeline provides exceptional access to...
Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) along a salinity gradient
Edward A. Vasquez, Edward P. Glenn, Glenn R. Guntenspergen, J. Jed Brown, Stephen G. Nelson
2006, American Journal of Botany (93) 1784-1790
An invasive variety of Phragmites australis (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). In some European marshes, on the other hand, Spartina spp....
Coherence between harvest and habitat management -- Joint venture perspectives
C.K. Baxter, J.W. Nelson, K. J. Reinecke, S. E. Stephens
2006, Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (71) 214-232
Introduction: In recent months, an ad hoc group of waterfowl scientists, representing the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA) Adaptive Harvest Management (ARM) Task Force and the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) Committee, have collaborated as a Joint Task Group (JTG) to assess options for unifying...
Population trajectory of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) in eastern Washington
C.J. Conway, K.L. Pardieck
2006, Northwest Science (80) 292-297
Anecdotal evidence suggests that burrowing owls have declined in Washington. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is currently conducting a status review for burrowing owls which will help determine whether they should be listed as threatened or endangered in the state. To provide insights into the current...
Evaluating cytochrome p450 in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) by monooxygenase activity and immunohistochemistry: Possible nonlethal assessment by skin immunohistochemistry
M. J. Melancon, A.L. Kutay, Bruce R. Woodin, John J. Stegeman
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 2613-2617
Six-month-old lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were injected intraperitoneally with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil or in vehicle alone. Liver samples were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until microsome preparation and monooxygenase assay. Skin samples were placed in buffered formalin for...
Connectivity in an agricultural landscape as reflected by interpond movements of a freshwater turtle
D.R. Bowne, M.A. Bowers, J.E. Hines
2006, Conservation Biology (20) 780-791
Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape. The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in...
Field evaluation of an avian risk assessment model
N.B. Vyas, J. W. Spann, C.S. Hulse, S.L. Borges, R.S. Bennett, M. Torrez, B.I. Williams, R. Leffel
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 1762-1771
We conducted two laboratory subacute dietary toxicity tests and one outdoor subacute dietary toxicity test to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's deterministic risk assessment model for evaluating the potential of adverse effects to birds in the field. We tested technical-grade diazinon and its D Z...
Model weights and the foundations of multimodel inference
W.A. Link, R. J. Barker
2006, Ecology (87) 2626-2635
Statistical thinking in wildlife biology and ecology has been profoundly influenced by the introduction of AIC (Akaike?s information criterion) as a tool for model selection and as a basis for model averaging. In this paper, we advocate the Bayesian paradigm as a broader framework for multimodel inference, one in...
Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis
A. Moilanen, M.C. Runge, Jane Elith, A. Tyre, Y. Carmel, E. Fegraus, B.A. Wintle, M. Burgman, Y. Ben-Haim
2006, Ecological Modelling (199) 115-124
Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms. Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence?absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions of model predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells. There are practically always errors in input data?erroneous species presence?absence data, structural and...
A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine
R.A. Konisky, D.M. Burdick, M. Dionne, H.A. Neckles
2006, Restoration Ecology (14) 516-525
We compiled salt marsh monitoring datasets from 36 complete or imminent restoration projects in the Gulf of Maine to assess regional monitoring and restoration practices. Data were organized by functional indicators and restoration project types (culvert replacement, excavation works, or ditch plugging) then pooled to generate mean values for...
Nest fate and productivity of American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia
J. B. Sabine, Sara H. Schweitzer, J.M. Meyers
2006, Waterbirds (29) 308-314
The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a species of high priority by the U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan and is state-listed as rare in Georgia; however, biologists have not focused on identifying the causes of egg and hatchling losses. In 2003 and 2004, continuous video monitoring was used...
Small clusters of fast-growing trees enhance forest structure on restored bottomland sites
D.J. Twedt
2006, Restoration Ecology (14) 316-320
Despite the diversity of trees in bottomland forests, restoration on bottomland sites is often initiated by planting only a few species of slow-growing, hard mast?producing trees. Although successful at establishing trees, these young forests are slow to develop vertical structure, which is a key predictor of forest bird colonization....
Estimating the abundance of mouse populations of known size: promises and pitfalls of new methods
P.B. Conn, A.D. Arthur, L.L. Bailey, G.R. Singleton
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 829-837
Knowledge of animal abundance is fundamental to many ecological studies. Frequently, researchers cannot determine true abundance, and so must estimate it using a method such as mark-recapture or distance sampling. Recent advances in abundance estimation allow one to model heterogeneity with individual covariates or mixture distributions and to...
Abundance of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in the fjords of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, during the peak molting period
B.A. Krafft, K.M. Kovacs, M. Andersen, Jon Aars, C. Lydersen, T. Ergon, T. Haug
2006, Marine Mammal Science (22) 394-412
Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) abundance in Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was estimated during the peak molting period via aerial, digital photographic surveys. A total of 9,145 images, covering 41.7%–100% of the total fast-ice cover (1,496 km2) of 18 different fjords and bays, were inspected for the presence of ringed seals. A total...
Prediction of summer maximum and minimum temperature over the central and western United States: The roles of soil moisture and sea surface temperature
Eric J. Alfaro, Alexander Gershunov, Daniel R. Cayan
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 1407-1421
A statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to explore climatic associations and predictability of June–August (JJA) maximum and minimum surface air temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) as well as the frequency of Tmax daily extremes (Tmax90) in the central and western United States (west of 90°W). Explanatory...
Using role analysis to plan for stakeholder involvement: a Wyoming case study
Nina Burkardt, Phadrea D. Ponds
2006, Wildlife Society Bulletin (34) 1306-1313
Prior to implementing laws and policies regulating water, wildlife, wetlands, endangered species, and recreation, natural resource managers often solicit public input. Concomitantly, managers are continually seeking more effective ways to involve stakeholders. In the autumn of 1999, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department sought to develop a state management plan...
Evaluation of emerging contaminants of concern at the South District Wastewater Treatment Plant based on seasonal sampling events, Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004
Arthur C. Lietz, Michael T. Meyer
2006, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5240
The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan has identified highly treated wastewater as a possible water source for the restoration of natural water flows and hydroperiods in selected coastal areas, including the Biscayne Bay coastal wetlands. One potential source of reclaimed wastewater for the Biscayne Bay coastal wetlands is the effluent from...
Phylogeny and evolutionary history of old world suboscine birds (aves: Eurylaimides)
R.G. Moyle, R.T. Chesser, R. O. Prum, P. Schikler, J. Cracraft
2006, American Museum Novitates 1-22
Molecular and morphological data were used to derive a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Eurylaimides, an Old World bird group now known to be distributed pantropically, and to investigate the evolution and biogeography of the group. Phylogenetic results indicated that the Eurylaimides consist of two monophyletic groups, the pittas (Pittidae) and...
Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis
S. Seitzinger, J. A. Harrison, J.K. Böhlke, A.F. Bouwman, R. Lowrance, B. Peterson, C. Tobias, G. Van Drecht
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2064-2090
Denitrification is a critical process regulating the removal of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from natural and human-altered systems. While it has been extensively studied in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, there has been limited communication among denitrification scientists working in these individual systems. Here, we compare rates of denitrification and controlling...
Final integrated trip report: site visits to Area 50, Andersen Air Force Base, Guam National Wildlife Refuge, War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam, Rota and Saipan, CNMI, 2004-2005
Steven C. Hess, Linda W. Pratt
2006, Open-File Report 2005-1299
Limestone forests are the most diverse natural plant communities of Guam. Like other natural vegetation types, these forests have a long history of anthropogenic disturbances, being altered and shaped by humans for more than 4,000 years. Although this occupation represents a relatively long human influence in comparison to other Pacific...
Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods
F. S. Chapin III, G. M. Woodwell, J. T. Randerson, E. B. Rastetter, G. Lovett, D. D. Baldocchi, D. A. Clark, M. E. Harmon, D. S. Schimel, R. Valentini, C. Wirth, J. D. Aber, J. J. Cole, M. L. Goulden, Jennifer W. Harden, M. Heimann, R. W. Howarth, P. A. Matson, A. D. McGuire, J. M. Melillo, H. A. Mooney, J. C. Neff, R. A. Houghton, M. L. Pace, M. G. Ryan, S. W. Running, O. E. Sala, W. H. Schlesinger, E. #NAME? Schulze
2006, Ecosystems (9) 1041-1050
Recent projections of climatic change have focused a great deal of scientific and public attention on patterns of carbon (C) cycling as well as its controls, particularly the factors that determine whether an ecosystem is a net source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Net ecosystem production (NEP), a...
Detecting compaction disequilibrium with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility
Kurt Schwehr, Lisa Tauxe, Neal Driscoll, Homa J. Lee
2006, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (7)
In clay-rich sediment, microstructures and macrostructures influence how sediments deform when under stress. When lithology is fairly constant, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can be a simple technique for measuring the relative consolidation state of sediment, which reflects the sediment burial history. AMS can reveal areas of high water content...
