Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States
N. Knowles, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 4545-4559
The water resources of the western United States depend heavily on snowpack to store part of the wintertime precipitation into the drier summer months. A well-documented shift toward earlier runoff in recent decades has been attributed to 1) more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow and 2) earlier snowmelt....
Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves - proof of concept
L. V. Benson, E.M. Hattori, Howard E. Taylor, S.R. Poulson, E.A. Jolie
2006, Journal of Archaeological Science (33) 1588-1599
Isotope and trace-metal analyses were used to determine the origin of plants used to manufacture prehistoric textiles (basketry and matting) from archaeological sites in the western Great Basin. Research focused on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratios of willow (Salix sp.) and tule (Schoenoplectus sp.), the dominant raw materials...
Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 894-907
We evaluated the potential effects of two different drawdown scenarios on rearing and migration habitat of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. We compared habitats at normal operating pool elevation with habitats at drawdown to spillway crest elevation and drawdown to the...
Dynamics of seismogenic volcanic extrusion at Mount St Helens in 2004-05
R.M. Iverson, D. Dzurisin, C. A. Gardner, T.M. Gerlach, R.G. LaHusen, M. Lisowski, J. J. Major, S. D. Malone, J.A. Messerich, S.C. Moran, J.S. Pallister, A.I. Qamar, S. P. Schilling, J.W. Vallance
2006, Nature (444) 439-443
The 2004-05 eruption of Mount St Helens exhibited sustained, near-equilibrium behaviour characterized by relatively steady extrusion of a solid dacite plug and nearly periodic shallow earthquakes. Here we present a diverse data set to support our hypothesis that these earthquakes resulted from stick-slip motion along the margins of the plug...
Large internal waves in Massachusetts Bay transport sediments offshore
B. Butman, P. S. Alexander, A. Scotti, R.C. Beardsley, S.P. Anderson
2006, Continental Shelf Research (26) 2029-2049
A field experiment was carried out in Massachusetts Bay in August 1998 to assess the role of large-amplitude internal waves (LIWs) in resuspending bottom sediments. The field experiment consisted of a four-element moored array extending from just west of Stellwagen Bank (90-m water depth) across Stellwagen Basin (85- and 50-m...
Environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary
John Y. Takekawa, I. Woo, Hildie Spautz, N. Nur, Grenier J. Letitia, K. Malamud-Roam, Nordby J. Cully, A.N. Cohen, F. Malamud-Roam, Wainwright-De La Cruz
Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V., editor(s)
2006, Studies in Avian Biology 176-197
The San Francisco Bay and delta system comprises the largest estuary along the Pacific Coast of the Americas and the largest remaining area for tidal-marsh vertebrates, yet tidal marshes have been dramatically altered since the middle of the 19th century. Although recent efforts to restore ecological functions are notable, numerous...
Afghan resource assessment fed positive outlook for exploration
T. R. Klett, C. J. Wandrey, G. F. Ulmishek, A. Amirzada
2006, Oil & Gas Journal (104)
Crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids/condensate resources are important for the redevelopment of Afghanistan's infrastructure. Improved living and economic conditions in Afghanistan require increasing the availability of energy particularly by exploitation of Afghanistan's petroleum resources. The four total petroleum systems are subdivided into units with homogeneous geologic traits...
Relationship between shrubs and foods in mountain plover habitat in Park County, Colorado
S.C. Schneider, Michael B. Wunder, F.L. Knopf
2006, Southwestern Naturalist (51) 197-202
We explored habitat use in terms of vegetation structure and potential forage availability for mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) in Park County, Colorado. We quantified the percentage cover of bare ground, percentage cover of shrubs (Chrysothamnus visadiflorus), linear distance to nearest shrub, arthropod biomass, and grasshopper density for 102 plots of...
Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
J.J. Hard, D.G. Elliott, R.J. Pascho, D.M. Chase, L.K. Park, J. R. Winton, D.E. Campton
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 2793-2808
We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12...
A portable non-invasive trapping array for sampling amphibians and reptiles
A.N. Rice, K.G. Rice, J.H. Waddle, F.J. Mazzotti
2006, Herpetological Review (37) 429-430
[No abstract available]...
Association between wetland disturbance and biological attributes in floodplain wetlands
S. R. Chipps, D.E. Hubbard, K.B. Werlin, N.J. Haugerud, K.A. Powell, John Thompson, T. Johnson
2006, Wetlands (26) 497-508
We quantified the influence of agricultural activities on environmental and biological conditions of floodplain wetlands in the upper Missouri River basin. Seasonally-flooded wetlands were characterized as low impact (non-disturbed) or high impact (disturbed) based on local land use. Biological data collected from these wetlands were used to develop a wetland...
Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and environmental threats
C.D. Snyder, J.A. Young, B. M. Stout III
2006, Northeastern Naturalist (13) 333-352
We conducted surveys of aquatic habitats during the spring and summer of 1995 in Canaan Valley, WV, to describe the diversity of aquatic habitats in the valley and identify issues that may threaten the viability of aquatic species. We assessed physical habitat and water chemistry of 126 ponds and 82...
The fate of diamondoids in coals and sedimentary rocks
Z. Wei, J.M. Moldowan, D.M. Jarvie, R. Hill
2006, Geology (34) 1013-1016
Diamondoids were detected in the extracts of a series of coals and rocks varying in maturity, lithology, source input, and depositional environment. At the same maturity level, diamondoids are generally about a magnitude more abundant in source rocks than in coals. The concentrations of diamondoids are maturity dependent. However, while...
Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves
A. Fildani, W. R. Normark, S. Kostic, G. Parker
2006, Sedimentology (53) 1265-1287
The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions...
Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?
A.N. Powell
Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V., editor(s)
2006, Studies in Avian Biology 198-204
Loss of coastal saltmarshes in southern California has been estimated at 75-90% since presettlement times. The remaining wetlands are mostly fragmented and degraded, and most frequently have harsh edges adjacent to urban landscapes. Non-migratory Belding's Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi) and Light-footed Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris levipes) are endemic to...
Monitoring planktivorous seabird populations: Validating surface counts of crevice-nesting auklets using mark-resight techniques
L.M. Sheffield, Adrian E. Gall, D.D. Roby, D.B. Irons, K.M. Dugger
2006, Canadian Journal of Zoology (84) 846-854
Least Auklets (Aethia pusilla (Pallas, 1811)) are the most abundant species of seabird in the Bering Sea and offer a relatively efficient means of monitoring secondary productivity in the marine environment. Counting auklets on surface plots is the primary method used to track changes in numbers of these crevice-nesters, but...
Plasma cholinesterase inhibition in the clay-colored robin (Turdus grayi) exposed to diazinon in maradol papaya crops in Yucatan, Mexico
V.M. Cobos, M.A. Mora, G. Escalona
2006, Revista de Toxicologia (23) 17-21
The use of organophosphorous pesticides in agriculture can result in intoxication of birds foraging in sprayed crops. Effects on birds resulting from pesticide intoxication are varied and include behavioral and reproductive effects, including death. One widely used insecticide in Maradol papaya crops is diazinon which has been associated with various...
Integration of the stratigraphic aspects of very large sea-floor databases using information processing
Clinton N. Jenkins, J. Flocks, M. Kulp
Rothwell R.G., editor(s)
2006, Geological Society Special Publication 229-240
Information-processing methods are described that integrate the stratigraphic aspects of large and diverse collections of sea-floor sample data. They efficiently convert common types of sea-floor data into database and GIS (geographical information system) tables, visual core logs, stratigraphic fence diagrams and sophisticated stratigraphic statistics. The input data are held in...
Titan: Preliminary results on surface properties and photometry from VIMS observations of the early flybys
B. J. Buratti, Christophe Sotin, R. H. Brown, M.D. Hicks, R. N. Clark, J. A. Mosher, T. B. McCord, R. Jaumann, K. H. Baines, P. D. Nicholson, T. Momary, D.P. Simonelli, B. Sicardy
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 1498-1509
Cassini observations of the surface of Titan offer unprecedented views of its surface through atmospheric windows in the 1-5 ??m region. Images obtained in windows for which the haze opacity is low can be used to derive quantitative photometric parameters such as albedo and albedo distribution, and physical properties such...
The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument
S. W. Ruff, P. R. Christensen, D.L. Blaney, W. H. Farrand, J. R. Johnson, J.R. Michalski, J.E. Moersch, S.P. Wright, S. W. Squyres
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on board the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is part of a payload designed to investigate whether a lake once existed in Gusev Crater. Mini-TES has observed hundreds of rocks along the rover's traverse into the Columbia Hills, yielding information on their distribution, bulk mineralogy,...
The prelaying interval of emperor geese on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Jerry W. Hupp, Joel A. Schmutz, Craig R. Ely
2006, Condor (108) 912-924
We marked 136 female Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) in western Alaska with VHF or satellite (PTT) transmitters from 1999 to 2003 to monitor their spring arrival and nest initiation dates on the Yukon Delta, and to estimate prelaying interval lengths once at the nesting area. Ninety-two females with functional transmitters...
A gas-phase chemiluminescence-based analyzer for waterborne arsenic
A.D. Idowu, P.K. Dasgupta, Z. Genfa, K. Toda, J.R. Garbarino
2006, Analytical Chemistry (78) 7088-7097
We show a practical sequential injection/zone fluidics-based analyzer that measures waterborne arsenic. The approach is capable of differentiating between inorganic As(III) and As(V). The principle is based on generating AsH 3 from the sample in a confined chamber by borohydride reduction at controlled pH, sparging the chamber to drive the...
Emplacement of the Kodiak batholith and slab-window migration
David W. Farris, Peter J. Haeussler, Richard Friedman, Scott R. Paterson, R. W. Saltus, Robert A. Ayuso
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 1360-1376
The Kodiak batholith is one of the largest, most elongate intrusive bodies in the forearc Sanak-Baranof plutonic belt located in southern Alaska. This belt is interpreted to have formed during the subduction of an oceanic spreading center and the associated migration of a slab window. Individual plutons of the Kodiak...
Factors influencing nest success of songbirds in aspen and willow riparian areas in the Great Basin
J.M. Heltzel, S.L. Earnst
2006, Condor (108) 842-855
Recent studies have examined the effects of livestock grazing, agriculture, and human habitation on nest predation and brood parasitism in riparian areas in the western United States. However, we know little about factors influencing nest success in riparian areas lacking such anthropogenic influences, in part because the influences are so...
Does body size affect a bird's sensitivity to patch size and landscape structure?
Maiken Winter, Douglas H. Johnson, Jill A. Shaffer
2006, Condor (108) 808-816
Larger birds are generally more strongly affected by habitat loss and fragmentation than are smaller ones because they require more resources and thus larger habitat patches. Consequently, conservation actions often favor the creation or protection of larger over smaller patches. However, in grassland systems the boundaries between a patch and...
