Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000
J. Liu, S. Liu, Thomas R. Loveland
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (222) 191-201
Estimating dynamic terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sources and sinks over large areas is difficult. The scaling of C sources and sinks from the field level to the regional level has been challenging due to the variations of climate, soil, vegetation, and disturbances. As part of an effort to estimate the...
Partitioning evapotranspiration in sparsely vegetated rangeland using a portable chamber
David I. Stannard, Mark A. Weltz
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
A portable chamber was used to separate evapotranspiration (ET) from a sparse, mixed‐species shrub canopy in southeastern Arizona, United States, into vegetation and soil components. Chamber measurements were made of ET from the five dominant species, and from bare soil, on 3 days during the monsoon season when the soil surface was...
Global analyses of brachiopod faunas through the Ordovician and Silurian transition: Reducing the role of the Lazarus effect
J.-Y. Rong, A. J. Boucot, D.A.T. Harper, R.-B. Zhan, R. B. Neuman
2006, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (43) 23-39
Global analyses of 88 families and 284 genera of brachiopods from middle Ashgill, Late Ordovician, to early-middle Rhuddanian, Early Silurian, indicate that 18.6% and 12.5% of families and 51.0% and 41.3% of genera were eliminated in the first and second phases of the end-Ordovician mass extinction, respectively, with the total...
An integrated chronostratigraphic data system for the twenty-first century
P.J. Sikora, James G. Ogg, A. Gary, C. Cervato, Felix Gradstein, B.T. Huber, C. Marshall, J.A. Stein, B. Wardlaw
2006, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 53-59
Research in stratigraphy is increasingly multidisciplinary and conducted by diverse research teams whose members can be widely separated. This developing distributed-research process, facilitated by the availability of the Internet, promises tremendous future benefits to researchers. However, its full potential is hindered by the absence of a development strategy for the...
Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana
N.R. Hasenmueller, M.A. Buehler, N.C. Krothe, J.B. Comer, T.D. Branam, M.V. Ennis, R.T. Smith, D.D. Zamani, L. Hahn, J.P. Rybarczyk
2006, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 153-167
The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as...
Geology of the Yucca Mountain region
J. S. Stuckless, Dennis W. O’Leary
2006, Memoir of the Geological Society of America (199) 9-50
Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed...
Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef flat
R.E. Stamski, M.E. Field
2006, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (66) 211-216
Reef researchers studying community shifts in the balance between corals and fleshy macroalgae have noted that algae are often covered with sediment. This study characterizes sediment trapping by macroalgae within a Hawaiian reef habitat and constrains the controls on this process. Sediment-laden macroalgae were sampled and macroalgal cover was assessed...
Concurrent assessment of fish and habitat in warmwater streams in Wyoming
M.C. Quist, W.A. Hubert, F.J. Rahel
2006, Fisheries Management and Ecology (13) 9-20
Fisheries research and management in North America have focused largely on sport fishes, but native non-game fishes have attracted increased attention due to their declines. The Warmwater Stream Assessment (WSA) was developed to evaluate simultaneously both fish and habitat in Wyoming streams by a process that includes three major components:...
Habitat-based adaptive management at Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area
R.B. Keigley, C.W. Fager
2006, Alces (42) 49-54
The 22,743-hectare Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area was purchased in 1976, in part for moose (Alces alces) winter range. Observed moose populations climbed from a low of 7 in 1976 to a high of 56 in 2000. A 4-step management program was initiated in 2000 consisting of definition of management...
Mineralogy and arsenic mobility in arsenic-rich Brazilian soils and sediments
de Mello, William R. Roy, J.L. Talbott, J.W. Stucki
2006, Journal of Soils and Sediments (6) 9-19
Background. Soils and sediments in certain mining regions of Brazil contain an unusually large amount of arsenic (As), which raises concerns that mining could promote increased As mobility, and thereby increase the risks of contaminating water supplies. Objectives. The purpose of t his study was to identify the most important...
Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr
EH Jorgensen, M.N. Vijayan, J.-E.A. Killie, N. Aluru, O. Aas-Hansen, A. Maule
2006, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A (69) 37-52
In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as...
Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands
L. B. Barber, S.H. Keefe, Ronald C. Antweiler, Howard E. Taylor, R.D. Wass
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 603-611
Increasing demands on water resources in arid environments make reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater an important component of the water budget. Treatment wetlands can be an integral part of the water-reuse cycle providing both water-quality enhancement and habitat functions. When used for habitat, the bioaccumulation potential...
Linking landscape characteristics to mineral site use by band-tailed pigeons in Western Oregon: Coarse-filter conservation with fine-filter tuning
C.T. Overton, R.A. Schmitz, Michael L. Casazza
2006, Natural Areas Journal (26) 38-46
Mineral sites are scarce resources of high ion concentration used heavily by the Pacific Coast subpopulation of band-tailed pigeons. Over 20% of all known mineral sites used by band-tailed pigeons in western Oregon, including all hot springs, have been abandoned. Prior investigations have not analyzed stand or landscape level habitat...
Incubation period and immune function: A comparative field study among coexisting birds
M.G. Palacios, T. E. Martin
2006, Oecologia (146) 505-512
Developmental periods are integral components of life history strategies that can have important fitness consequences and vary enormously among organisms. However, the selection pressures and mechanisms causing variation in length of developmental periods are poorly understood. Particularly puzzling are prolonged developmental periods, because their selective advantage is unclear. Here we...
Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico
Z.A. Holden, P. Morgan, M.G. Rollins, R.G. Wright
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (221) 140-146
Fires create and consume snags (standing dead trees), an important structural and ecological component of ponderosa pine forests. The effects of repeated fires on snag densities in ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern USA have not been studied. Line intercept sampling was used to estimate snag densities in areas of...
Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts
Michelle L. Coombs, Thomas W. Sisson, Peter W. Lipman
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 19-49
Major-element and volatile (H2O, CO2, S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600–1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link...
Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
B. R. Hossack, S. A. Diamond, P.S. Corn
2006, Canadian Journal of Zoology (84) 98-107
A recent increase in ultraviolet B radiation is one hypothesis advanced to explain suspected or documented declines of the boreal toad (Bufo boreas Baird and Girard, 1852) across much of the western USA, where some experiments have shown ambient UV-B can reduce embryo survival. We examined B. boreas occupancy relative...
Inferring differential evolutionary processes of plant persistence traits in Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems
J.G. Pausas, Jon E. Keeley, M. Verdu
2006, Journal of Ecology (94) 31-39
1 Resprouting capacity (R) and propagule-persistence (P) are traits that are often considered to have evolved where there are predictable crown fires. Because several indicators suggest a stronger selective pressure for such traits in California than in the Mediterranean Basin, we hypothesize that plant species should have evolved to become...
Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage
W. J. Stephenson, A.D. Frankel, J. K. Odum, R. A. Williams, T. L. Pratt
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
A shallow bedrock fold imaged by a 1.3-km long high-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection profile in west Seattle focuses seismic waves arriving from the south. This focusing may cause a pocket of amplified ground shaking and the anomalous chimney damage observed in earthquakes of 1949, 1965 and 2001. The 200-m bedrock...
Interaction Assessment: A modeling tool for predicting population dynamics from field data
John M. Emlen, Jeffrey J. Duda, Matt D. Kirchhoff, D. Carl Freeman
2006, Ecological Modelling (192) 557-570
Interaction Assessment (INTASS) is a field and analytic methodology for constructing population dynamics models. Because data collected in generating a model for one species comprise much of the information needed for other species, a small increase in effort can result in simultaneous expressions for the dynamics of multiple species. These...
Extending electromagnetic methods to map coastal pore water salinities
J. Greenwood, S. Kruse, P. Swarzenski
2006, Ground Water (44) 292-299
The feasibility of mapping pore water salinity based on surface electromagnetic (EM) methods over land and shallow marine water is examined in a coastal wetland on Tampa Bay, Florida. Forward models predict that useful information on seabed conductivity can be obtained through <1.5 m of saline water, using floating EM-31...
The effect of creosote on vitellogenin production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
J.P. Sherry, J.J. Whyte, N.A. Karrow, A. Gamble, H.J. Boerman, N.C. Bol, D.G. Dixon, K.R. Solomon
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 65-68
As part of a broader investigation into the effects of creosote treatments on the aquatic biota in pond microcosms, we examined the possible implications for vitellogenin (Vtg) production in Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout (RT)]. Vtg is the precursor of egg yolk protein and has emerged as a useful biomarker of...
Sediment phosphate composition in relation to emergent macrophytes in the Doñana Marshes (SW Spain)
M. Reina, J. L. Espinar, L. Serrano
2006, Water Research (40) 1185-1190
We have studied the effect of the presence of emergent macrophytes on the sediment phosphate composition of a eutrophic shallow marsh on the NE margin of Doñana (SW Spain). Top sediment and water samples were collected from both the open-water and the vegetated sites at three areas covered by different...
Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA
J. W. Godt, R.L. Baum, A.F. Chleborad
2006, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (31) 97-110
Shallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazzard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture...
Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow
J.N. Houser, P. J. Mulholland, K.O. Maloney
2006, Journal of Environmental Quality (35) 352-365
Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry. Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate...
