Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content
C.A. Davey, R.A. Pielke Sr., K. P. Gallo
2006, Global and Planetary Change (54) 19-32
There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are...
Survival of adult female elk in yellowstone following wolf restoration
S.B. Evans, L.D. Mech, P.J. White, G.A. Sargeant
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1372-1378
Counts of northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) in northwestern Wyoming and adjacent Montana, USA, have decreased at an average rate of 6-8% per year since wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced in 1995. Population growth rates of elk are typically sensitive to variations in adult female survival; populations that are stable...
Spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires in the Mojave Desert, 1980-2004
M.L. Brooks, J.R. Matchett
2006, Journal of Arid Environments (67) 148-164
Fire has been historically infrequent in the Mojave Desert, and its increased prevalence caused by the invasion of non-native annual grasses is a major concern for land managers there. The most dramatic changes have occurred in middle elevation shrublands dominated by creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), and/or blackbrush...
Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival
L.E. Ellison, T. J. O'Shea, J. Wimsatt, R.D. Pearce, D.J. Neubaum, M.A. Neubaum, R. A. Bowen
2006, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (42) 849-852
Blood was collected from wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with and without anesthesia in Fort Collins, Colorado in 2004 to assess the impacts of these procedures on short-term survival and 1-yr return rates. Short-term survival and 1-yr return rates after release were passively monitored using PIT tag detection hoops...
Do migratory flight paths of raptors follow constant geographical or geomagnetic courses?
K. Thorup, M. Fuller, T. Alerstam, M. Hake, N. Kjellen, R. Strandberg
2006, Animal Behaviour (72) 875-880
We tested whether routes of raptors migrating over areas with homogeneous topography follow constant geomagnetic courses more or less closely than constant geographical courses. We analysed the routes taken over land of 45 individual raptors tracked by satellite-based radiotelemetry: 25 peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus, on autumn migration between North and...
Quantitative analysis of scale of aeromagnetic data raises questions about geologic-map scale
V. Nykanen, G. L. Raines
2006, Natural Resources Research (15) 213-222
A recently published study has shown that small-scale geologic map data can reproduce mineral assessments made with considerably larger scale data. This result contradicts conventional wisdom about the importance of scale in mineral exploration, at least for regional studies. In order to formally investigate aspects of scale, a weights-of-evidence analysis...
Comet 81P/wild 2 under a microscope
D. Brownlee, P. Tsou, J. Aleon, Alexander C. M. O’D C. M., T. Araki, S. Bajt, G.A. Baratta, R. Bastien, P. Bland, P. Bleuet, J. Borg, J.P. Bradley, A. Brearley, F. Brenker, S. Brennan, J.C. Bridges, N.D. Browning, J.R. Brucato, E. Bullock, M.J. Burchell, H. Busemann, Anna L. Butterworth, M. Chaussidon, A. Cheuvront, M. Chi, M.J. Cintala, B. C. Clark, S.J. Clemett, G. Cody, L. Colangeli, G. Cooper, P. Cordier, C. Daghlian, Z. Dai, L. D’Hendecourt, Z. Djouadi, G. Dominguez, T. Duxbury, J.P. Dworkin, D.S. Ebel, T.E. Economou, S. Fakra, S.A.J. Fairey, S. Fallon, G. Ferrini, T. Ferroir, H. Fleckenstein, C. Floss, G. Flynn, I.A. Franchi, M. Fries, Z. Gainsforth, J.-P. Gallien, M. Genge, M.K. Gilles, P. Gillet, J. Gilmour, D.P. Glavin, M. Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, G.A. Graham, P.G. Grant, S.F. Green, F. Grossemy, L. Grossman, J. N. Grossman, Y. Guan, K. Hagiya, R. Harvey, P. Heck, G.F. Herzog, P. Hoppe, F. Horz, J. Huth, I.D. Hutcheon, K. Ignatyev, H. Ishii, M. Ito, D. Jacob, C. Jacobsen, S. Jacobsen, S. Jones, D. Joswiak, A. Jurewicz, A.T. Kearsley, L.P. Keller, H. Khodja, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, J. Kissel, A. Krot, F. Langenhorst, A. Lanzirotti, L. Le, L.A. Leshin, J. Leitner, L. Lemelle, H. Leroux, M.-C. Liu, K. Luening, I. Lyon, G. MacPherson, M.A. Marcus, K. Marhas, B. Marty, G. Matrajt, K. McKeegan, A. Meibom, V. Mennella, K. Messenger, S. Messenger, T. Mikouchi, S. Mostefaoui, T. Nakamura, T. Nakano, M. Newville, L.R. Nittler, I. Ohnishi, K. Ohsumi, K. Okudaira, D.A. Papanastassiou, R. Palma, M.E. Palumbo, R. O. Pepin, D. Perkins, M. Perronnet, P. Pianetta, W. Rao, F.J.M. Rietmeijer, F. Robert, D. Rost, A. Rotundi, R. Ryan, S.A. Sandford, C.S. Schwandt, T.H. See, D. Schlutter, J. Sheffield-Parker, A. Simionovici, S. Simon, I. Sitnitsky, C.J. Snead, M. K. Spencer, F.J. Stadermann, A. Steele, T. Stephan
2006, Science (314) 1711-1716
The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains...
Research on genesis of pyrite near the Permian-Triassic boundary in meishan, Zhejiang, China
Y.-F. Jiang, Y.-G. Tang, C. L. Chou
2006, Journal of China University of Mining and Technology (16) 457-460
The content and crystal forms of pyrite and sulfur isotope composition of pyrite sulfur as well as its vertical distribution near the Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary in the Meishan section, Changxing county, Zhejiang province, China were studied using geological, petrological, mineralogical and geochemical methods (techniques). The result showed that the genesis...
Effects of water additions, chemical amendments, and plants on in situ measures of nutrient bioavailability in calcareous soils of southeastern Utah, USA
M. E. Miller, J. Belnap, S.W. Beatty, B.L. Webb
2006, Plant and Soil (288) 19-29
We used ion-exchange resin bags to investigate effects of water additions, chemical amendments, and plant presence on in situ measures of nutrient bioavailability in conjunction with a study examining soil controls of ecosystem invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum L. At five dryland sites in southeastern Utah, USA,...
A gas-phase chemiluminescence-based analyzer for waterborne arsenic
A.D. Idowu, P.K. Dasgupta, Z. Genfa, K. Toda, J.R. Garbarino
2006, Analytical Chemistry (78) 7088-7097
We show a practical sequential injection/zone fluidics-based analyzer that measures waterborne arsenic. The approach is capable of differentiating between inorganic As(III) and As(V). The principle is based on generating AsH 3 from the sample in a confined chamber by borohydride reduction at controlled pH, sparging the chamber to drive the...
Using a rapid method to predict recreational water quality at Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio
R.N. Bushon, A.M.G. Brady, M.B. Plona
2006, Park Science (24) 89-93
Scientists research a quick, affordable, and accurate way to estimate E. coli concentrations in water using a new and potentially useful one-hour technique....
Plasma cholinesterase inhibition in the clay-colored robin (Turdus grayi) exposed to diazinon in maradol papaya crops in Yucatan, Mexico
V.M. Cobos, M.A. Mora, G. Escalona
2006, Revista de Toxicologia (23) 17-21
The use of organophosphorous pesticides in agriculture can result in intoxication of birds foraging in sprayed crops. Effects on birds resulting from pesticide intoxication are varied and include behavioral and reproductive effects, including death. One widely used insecticide in Maradol papaya crops is diazinon which has been associated with various...
Fate of fish production in a seasonally flooded saltmarsh
Philip W. Stevens, C.L. Montague, K. J. Sulak
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (327) 267-277
Although saltmarshes are thought to enhance the productivity of open estuarine waters, the mechanism by which energy transfer occurs has been debated for decades. One possible mechanism is the transfer of saltmarsh production to estuarine waters by vagile fishes and invertebrates. Monthly estimates of fish standing stock, net fish ingress,...
Global phylogeographic limits of Hawaii's avian malaria
J.S. Beadell, F. Ishtiaq, R. Covas, M. Melo, B.H. Warren, C. T. Atkinson, S. Bensch, G.R. Graves, Y.V. Jhala, M.A. Peirce, A.R. Rahmani, D.M. Fonseca, R.C. Fleischer
2006, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (273) 2935-2944
The introduction of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) to Hawaii has provided a model system for studying the influence of exotic disease on naive host populations. Little is known, however, about the origin or the genetic variation of Hawaii's malaria and traditional classification methods have confounded attempts to place the parasite...
Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group
D.W. Beaty, K.L. Buxbaum, M.A. Meyer, N. Barlow, W. Boynton, B. Clark, J. Deming, P.T. Doran, K. Edgett, S. Hancock, J. Head, M. Hecht, V. Hipkin, T. Kieft, R. Mancinelli, E. McDonald, C. McKay, M. Mellon, H. Newsom, G. Ori, D. Paige, A.C. Schuerger, M. Sogin, J.A. Spry, A. Steele, K. Tanaka, M. Voytek
2006, Astrobiology (6) 677-732
In summary, within the upper 5 m most of Mars is either too cold or too dry to support the propagation of terrestrial life. However, there are regions that are in disequilibrium, naturally or induced, and could be classified as "special" or, if enough uncertainty exist, could not be declared...
Shrinking ponds in subarctic Alaska based on 1950-2002 remotely sensed images
B. Riordan, D. Verbyla, A. D. McGuire
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (111)
Over the past 50 years, Alaska has experienced a warming climate with longer growing seasons, increased potential evapotranspiration, and permafrost warming. Research from the Seward Peninsula and Kenai Peninsula has demonstrated a substantial landscape-level trend in the reduction of surface water and number of closed-basin ponds. We investigated whether this...
Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms
B. Gungle, E.P. Krider
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (111)
Relationships between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and surface rainfall have been examined in nine isolated, warm-season thunderstorms on the east coast of central Florida. CG flashes and the associated rain volumes were measured as a function of time in storm-centered reference frames that followed each storm over a network of rain...
Comparison of local grid refinement methods for MODFLOW
S. Mehl, M. C. Hill, S. A. Leake
2006, Conference Paper, Ground Water
Many ground water modeling efforts use a finite-difference method to solve the ground water flow equation, and many of these models require a relatively fine-grid discretization to accurately represent the selected process in limited areas of interest. Use of a fine grid over the entire domain can be computationally prohibitive;...
Effects of floods on fish assemblages in an intermittent prairie stream
N.R. Franssen, K.B. Gido, C.S. Guy, J.A. Tripe, S.J. Shrank, T.R. Strakosh, K.N. Bertrand, C.M. Franssen, K.L. Pitts, C.P. Paukert
2006, Freshwater Biology (51) 2072-2086
1. Floods are major disturbances to stream ecosystems that can kill or displace organisms and modify habitats. Many studies have reported changes in fish assemblages after a single flood, but few studies have evaluated the importance of timing and intensity of floods on long-term fish assemblage dynamics. 2. We used...
Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the Western Unites States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world
J.D. Lundquist, A. L. Flint
2006, Journal of Hydrometeorology (7) 1199-1217
Historic streamflow records show that the onset of snowfed streamflow in the western United States has shifted earlier over the past 50 yr, and March 2004 was one of the earliest onsets on record. Record high temperatures occurred throughout the western United States during the second week of March, and...
Panel: Eco-informatics and decision making managing our natural resources
J.B. Gushing, T. Wilson, F. Martin, J. Schnase, S. Spengler, L. Sugarbaker, T. Pardo
2006, Conference Paper, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
This panel responds to the December 2004 workshop on Eco-Informatics and Decision Making [1], which addressed how informatics tools can help with better management of natural resources and policy making. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the NSF, NBII, NASA, and EPA. Workshop participants recommended that informatics research in four...
Dynamics of seismogenic volcanic extrusion at Mount St Helens in 2004-05
R.M. Iverson, D. Dzurisin, C. A. Gardner, T.M. Gerlach, R.G. LaHusen, M. Lisowski, J. J. Major, S. D. Malone, J.A. Messerich, S.C. Moran, J.S. Pallister, A.I. Qamar, S. P. Schilling, J.W. Vallance
2006, Nature (444) 439-443
The 2004-05 eruption of Mount St Helens exhibited sustained, near-equilibrium behaviour characterized by relatively steady extrusion of a solid dacite plug and nearly periodic shallow earthquakes. Here we present a diverse data set to support our hypothesis that these earthquakes resulted from stick-slip motion along the margins of the plug...
Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 894-907
We evaluated the potential effects of two different drawdown scenarios on rearing and migration habitat of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. We compared habitats at normal operating pool elevation with habitats at drawdown to spillway crest elevation and drawdown to the...
Mercury methylation influenced by areas of past mercury mining in the Terlingua district, Southwest Texas, USA
J. E. Gray, M.E. Hines, H. Biester
2006, Applied Geochemistry (21) 1940-1954
Speciation and microbial transformation of Hg was studied in mine waste from abandoned Hg mines in SW Texas to evaluate the potential for methyl-Hg production and degradation in mine wastes. In mine waste samples, total Hg, ionic Hg2+, Hg0, methyl-Hg, organic C, and total S concentrations were measured, various Hg...
Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, Western China
C.G. Mattinson, J. L. Wooden, J. G. Liou, D.K. Bird, C.L. Wu
2006, American Journal of Science (306) 683-711
Amphibolite-facies para-and orthogneisses near Dulan, at the southeast end of the North Qaidam terrane, enclose minor eclogite and peridotite which record ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism associated with the Early Paleozoic continental collision of the Qilian and Qaidam microplates. Field relations and coesite inclusions in zircons from paragneiss suggest that felsic,...
