Numerical modeling of magnetic moments for UXO applications
V. Sanchez, Y. Li, M. Nabighian, D. Wright
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The surface magnetic anomaly observed in UXO clearance is mainly dipolar and, consequently, the dipole is the only magnetic moment regularly recovered in UXO applications. The dipole moment contains information about intensity of magnetization but lacks information about shape. In contrast, higher-order moments, such as quadrupole and octupole, encode asymmetry...
Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin
M. Liu, Walter D. Mooney, S. Li, N. Okaya, Shane T. Detweiler
2006, Tectonophysics (420) 253-266
The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure...
Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines
Uri S. ten Brink, J. Song, R.C. Bucknam
2006, Geology (34) 585-588
A major earthquake on the Seattle fault, Washington, ca. A.D. 900-930 was first inferred from uplifted shorelines and tsunami deposits. Despite follow-up geophysical and geological investigations, the rupture parameters of the earthquake and the geometry of the fault are uncertain. Here we estimate the fault geometry, slip direction, and magnitude...
Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan
H. Kelsey, K. Satake, Y. Sawai, B. Sherrod, K. Shimokawa, M. Shishikura
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Coastal stratigraphy of eastern Hokkaido indicates that decimeters of coastal uplitt occurred repeatedly m the late Holocene. Employing radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, we identify along a 100 km length of the Kuril subduction zone six uplift events since ???2,800 years B.P. Uplift events occur at the same frequency as unusually...
Nutritional condition of Pacific Black Brant wintering at the extremes of their range
D.D. Mason, P.S. Barboza, David H. Ward
2006, Condor (108) 678-690
Endogenous stores of energy allow birds to survive periods of severe weather and food shortage during winter. We documented changes in lipid, protein, moisture, and ash in body tissues of adult female Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) and modeled the energetic costs of wintering. Birds were collected at the...
Earthquake and volcano clustering via stress transfer at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
T. Parsons, G. A. Thompson, A.H. Cogbill
2006, Geology (34) 785-788
The proposed national high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain is close to Quaternary cinder cones and faults with Quaternary slip. Volcano eruption and earthquake frequencies are low, with indications of spatial and temporal clustering, making probabilistic assessments difficult. In an effort to identify the most likely intrusion sites, we...
Effects of tributary debris on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon
Thomas C. Hanks, R. H. Webb
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (111)
The Colorado River in Grand Canyon has long been known as a "rapids-and-pools" river, with the rapids owing their existence primarily to tributary debris flows. The debris flows deposit subaerial debris fans that constrict the channel laterally and, when they enter the river, raise the bed elevation. The rapids are...
Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Jon J. Major, Linda E. Mark
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 938-958
Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300–1300 km2 drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris...
Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers
Edward M. Kwicklis, Andrew V. Wolfsberg, Philip H. Stauffer, Michelle Ann Walvoord, Michael J. Sully
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 934-950
Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day...
Derivation of planetary topography using multi-image shape-from-shading
Volker Lohse, Christian Heipke, Randolph L. Kirk
2006, Planetary and Space Science (54) 661-674
In many cases, the derivation of high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) from planetary surfaces using conventional digital image matching is a problem. The matching methods need at least one stereo pair of images with sufficient texture. However, many space missions provide only a few stereo images and planetary surfaces often...
Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2006, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (26) 74-81
Laboratory studies conducted with surface water sediment from a methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated site in South Carolina demonstrated that, under methanogenic conditions, [U-14C] MTBE was transformed to 14C tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with no measurable production of 14CO2. Production of TBA was not attributed to the activity of methanogenic microorganisms, however,...
Foraging patterns and prey selection in an increasing and expanding sea otter population
K.L. Laidre, R.J. Jameson
2006, Journal of Mammalogy (87) 799-807
Focal observations of sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) foraging patterns and prey selection were collected in coastal Washington between 1993 and 1999. Records consisted of 13,847 individual dives from 841 feeding bouts ranging from 1 min to >4 h. Average dive time was 55 s ?? 0.9 SE and average...
Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods
J. E. Costa, R. T. Cheng, F.P. Haeni, N. Melcher, K.R. Spicer, E. Hayes, W. Plant, K. Hayes, C. Teague, D. Barrick
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time‐consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground‐penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with...
Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river
D. Gaeuman, R. B. Jacobson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (111)
Development of a practical technology for rapid quantification of bed load transport in large rivers would represent a revolutionary advance for sediment monitoring and the investigation of fluvial dynamics. Measurement of bed load motion with acoustic Doppler current profiles (ADCPs) has emerged as a promising approach for evaluating bed load...
Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams
B. E. Haggard, J.M. Galloway, W. R. Green, M. T. Meyer
2006, Journal of Environmental Quality (35) 1078-1087
Recently, our attention has focused on the low level detection of many antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals in water resources. The limited studies available suggest that urban or rural streams receiving wastewater effluent are more susceptible to contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of...
Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in southern California from modified Mercalli intensities
W. H. Bakun
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1278-1295
Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments, instrumental moment magnitudes M, and epicenter locations of thirteen 5.6 ??? M ??? 7.1 "training-set" events in southern California were used to obtain the attenuation relation MMI = 1.64 + 1.41M - 0.00526 * ??h - 2.63 * log ??h, where ??h is the hypocentral...
Comparison of selenium bioaccumulation in the clams Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis: A bioenergetic modeling approach
B.-G. Lee, J.-S. Lee, S. N. Luoma
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 1933-1940
Selenium uptake from food (assimilation efficiency) and dissolved phase (influx rate) as well as loss kinetics (efflux rate) were compared between two bivalves, Corbicula fluminea and Potamocorbula amurensis. The effects of salinity and temperature on these kinetic parameters for both clam species also were evaluated. The Asiatic clam, C. fluminea,...
Modeling the transport and inactivation of E. coli and enterococci in the near-shore region of Lake Michigan
L. Liu, M.S. Phanikumar, S.L. Molloy, R.L. Whitman, D.A. Shively, M.B. Nevers, D.J. Schwab, J.B. Rose
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 5022-5028
To investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at Great Lakes beaches and the health risks associated with swimming, the near-shore waters of Lake Michigan and two tributaries discharging into it were examined for bacterial indicators of human fecal pollution. The enterococcus human fecal pollution marker, which targets a...
Nd, Pb, Sr, and O isotopic characterization of Saudi Arabian Shield terranes
D. B. Stoeser, C.D. Frost
2006, Chemical Geology (226) 163-188
New Nd, Sr and O isotopic data for granitoid rocks of the Saudi Arabian Shield are presented together with published Nd, Pb, Sr and O isotopic data and all available geologic and geochronologic information to re-evaluate the terranes defined for the Saudi Arabian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Three groups...
Distribution of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2004
C.C. Schwartz, M.A. Haroldson, K. Gunther, D. Moody
2006, Ursus (17) 63-66
The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) proposed delisting the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in November 2005. Part of that process required knowledge of the most current distribution of the species. Here, we update an earlier estimate of occupied range (1990–2000) with data through 2004. We used kernel...
Organic geochemistry - A retrospective of its first 70 years
K.A. Kvenvolden
2006, Conference Paper, Organic Geochemistry
Organic geochemistry had its origin in the early part of the 20th century when organic chemists and geologists realized that detailed information on the organic materials in sediments and rocks was scientifically interesting and of practical importance. The generally acknowledged "father" of organic geochemistry is Alfred E. Treibs (1899-1983), who...
Continuous resistivity profiling to delineate submarine groundwater discharge - Examples and limitations
F. D. Day-Lewis, E.A. White, C. D. Johnson, J. W. Lane, M. Belaval
2006, Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) (25) 724-728
Aquifer-ocean interaction, saline intrusion, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are emerging topics in hydrology and oceanography with important implications for water-resource management and estuarine ecology. Although the threat of saltwater intrusion has long been recognized in coastal areas, SGD has, until recently, received much less attention. It is clear that...
Field tests of acoustic telemetry for a portable coastal observatory
M. Martini, B. Butman, J. Ware, D. Frye
2006, Conference Paper, OCEANS 2006
Long-term field tests of a low-cost acoustic telemetry system were carried out at two sites in Massachusetts Bay. At each site, an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on a bottom tripod was fitted with an acoustic modem to transmit data to a surface buoy; electronics mounted on the buoy relayed...
Isoeugenol concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin-on fillet tissue after exposure to AQUI-S™ at different temperatures, durations, and concentrations
Jeffery R. Meinertz, Shari L. Greseth, Theresa M. Schreier, Jeffry A. Bernardy, William H. Gingerich
2006, Aquaculture (254) 347-354
AQUI-S™ is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries including Australia, Chile, and New Zealand and is being pursued for use in the United States. Legal use of AQUI-S™ as an anesthetic in U.S. fish culture depends on approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)....
The transition from explosive to effusive eruptive regime: The example of the 1912 Novarupta eruption, Alaska
N.K. Adams, Bruce F. Houghton, S.A. Fagents, W. Hildreth
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 620-634
The shift from explosive to effusive silicic volcanism seen in many historical eruptions reflects a change in the style of degassing of erupted magma. This paper focuses on such a transition during the largest eruption of the twentieth century, the 1912 eruption of Novarupta. The transition is recorded in a...
