Recordings from the deepest borehole in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Z. Wang, E.W. Woolery
2006, Seismological Research Letters (77) 148-153
The recordings at the deepest vertical strong-motion array (VSAS) from three small events, the 21 October 2004 Tiptonville, Tennessee, earthquake; the 10 February 2005 Arkansas earthquake; and the 2 June 2005 Ridgely, Tennessee, earthquake show some interesting wave-propagation phenomena through the soils: the S-wave is attenuated from 260 m to...
Distribution, 14C chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones
David R. Sherrod, Jonathan T. Hagstrum, John P. McGeehin, Duane E. Champion, Frank A. Trusdell
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (111)
New mapping and 60 new radiocarbon ages define the age and distribution of latest Pleistocene and Holocene (past 13,000 years) lava flows at Haleakalā volcano, Island of Maui. Paleomagnetic directions were determined for 118 sites, of which 89 are in lava flows younger than 13,000 years. The paleomagnetic data, in...
Shelf and open-ocean calcareous phytoplankton assemblages across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Implications for global productivity gradients
S.J. Gibbs, T.J. Bralower, Paul R. Bown, J.C. Zachos, L.M. Bybell
2006, Geology (34) 233-236
Abrupt global warming and profound perturbation of the carbon cycle during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma) have been linked to a massive release of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system. Increased phytoplankton productivity has been invoked to cause subsequent CO2 drawdown, cooling, and environmental recovery. However, interpretations of...
Groundwater-supported evapotranspiration within glaciated watersheds under conditions of climate change
D. Cohen, M. Person, R. Daannen, S. Locke, D. Dahlstrom, V. Zabielski, T. C. Winter, D.O. Rosenberry, H. Wright, E. Ito, J.L. Nieber, W.J. Gutowski Jr.
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Hydrology
This paper analyzes the effects of geology and geomorphology on surface-water/-groundwater interactions, evapotranspiration, and recharge under conditions of long-term climatic change. Our analysis uses hydrologic data from the glaciated Crow Wing watershed in central Minnesota, USA, combined with a hydrologic model of transient coupled unsaturated/saturated flow (HYDRAT2D). Analysis of historical...
Influence of habitat heterogeneity on distribution, occupancy patterns, and productivity of breeding peregrine falcons in central West Greenland
C.S. Wightman, M.R. Fuller
2006, Condor (108) 270-281
We used occupancy and productivity data collected at 67 cliffs used for nesting from 1972 to 1999 to assess patterns of distribution and nest-site selection in an increasing population of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in central West Greenland. Peregrine Falcons breeding at traditionally occupied cliffs used for nesting had significantly...
Iodine
S.T. Krukowski
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 38-40
In descending order, Chile, Japan and the United States have the largest iodine reserves. Chile produces iodine from iodate minerals while Japan and the United States produce it from sodium iodide solutions found in underground iodide solutions. Iodine is also produced from subterranean brines in Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkmenista, Indonesia and...
Lithium
J.A. Ober
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 43-44
In 2005, lithium consumption in the United States was at 2.5 kt of contained lithium, nearly 32% more than the estimate for 2004. World consumption was 14.1 kt of lithium contained in minerals and compounds in 2003. Exports from the US increased slightly compared with 2004. Due to strong demand...
Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis
M.J. Anteau, A. D. Afton
2006, Canadian Journal of Zoology (84) 779-786
We compared diets of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)) in the springs of 2000 and 2001 to those reported in the 1970s and the 1980s to determine whether forage quality has declined as predicted by the spring condition hypothesis. In Minnesota, we found that the current aggregate percentage of...
Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area
Cherie J. Westbrook, David J. Cooper, Bruce W. Baker
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Overbank flooding is recognized by hydrologists as a key process that drives hydrogeomorphic and ecological dynamics in mountain valleys. Beaver create dams that some ecologists have assumed may also drive riparian hydrologic processes, but empirical evidence is lacking. We examined the influence of two in‐channel beaver dams and a 10...
Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands
D.A. Bossio, J.A. Fleck, K.M. Scow, R. Fujii
2006, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (38) 1223-1233
Land usage is a strong determinant of soil microbial community composition and activity, which in turn determine organic matter decomposition rates and decomposition products in soils. Microbial communities in permanently flooded wetlands, such as those created by wetland restoration on Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta islands in California, function under restricted aeration...
A mechanistic link between chick diet and decline in seabirds?
A.S. Kitaysky, E.V. Kitaiskaia, John F. Piatt, J.C. Wingfield
2006, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (273) 445-450
A climatic regime shift during the mid-1970s in the North Pacific resulted in decreased availability of lipidrich fish to seabirds and was followed by a dramatic decline in number of kittiwakes breeding on the Pribilof Islands. Although production of chicks in the mid-1970s was adequate to sustain kittiwake populations in...
Soil-atmospheric exchange of CO2, CH4, and N2O in three subtropical forest ecosystems in southern China
X. Tang, S. Liu, G. Zhou, Dongxiao Zhang, C. Zhou
2006, Global Change Biology (12) 546-560
The magnitude, temporal, and spatial patterns of soil-atmospheric greenhouse gas (hereafter referred to as GHG) exchanges in forests near the Tropic of Cancer are still highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil-atmospheric CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the...
Differentiation of commercial fuels based on polar components using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry
C.E. Rostad
2006, Environmental Forensics (7) 5-14
Polar components in fuels may enable differentiation between fuel types or commercial fuel sources. A range of commercial fuels from numerous sources were analyzed by flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry without extensive sample preparation, separation, or chromatography. This technique enabled screening for unique polar components at...
Uplift, thermal unrest and magma intrusion at Yellowstone caldera
Charles W. Wicks, Wayne Thatcher, Daniel Dzurisin, Jerry Svarc
2006, Nature (440) 72-75
The Yellowstone caldera, in the western United States, formed 640,000 years ago when an explosive eruption ejected 1,000 km3 of material1. It is the youngest of a series of large calderas that formed during sequential cataclysmic eruptions that began 16 million...
Sexual dimorphism of the internal mandibular chamber in Fayum Pliohyracidae (Mammalia)
de Blieux, M.R. Baumrind, E.L. Simons, P.S. Chatrath, G.E. Meyer, Y.S. Attia
2006, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (26) 160-169
An internal mandibular fenestra and chamber are found in many fossil hyracoids. The internal mandibular fenestra is located on the lingual surface of the mandibular corpus and opens into a chamber within the mandible. The mandibular chamber is maximally developed in late Eocene Thyrohyrax meyeri and early Oligocene Thyrohyrax domorictus...
Youngest volcanism about 1 million years ago at Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii
H. Sano, D. R. Sherrod, Takahiro Tagami
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (152) 91-96
Young volcanic deposits in Kahoolawe Island, cutting up through the caldera-filling lava, colluvium and talus in the west wall of Kanapou Bay, had long been stratigraphically considered the rejuvenated-stage products. New K-Ar ages, combined with magnetic polarity data, show that young volcanism was at about 0.98-1.04 Ma and indicate no...
Ecological and physiological factors affecting brood patch area and prolactin levels in arctic-nesting geese
J.E. Jonsson, A. D. Afton, R.T. Alisauskas, C.K. Bluhm, M.E. El Halawani
2006, The Auk (123) 405-418
We investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and...
Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Theodore R. Simons, Susan A. Shriner, George L. Farnsworth
2006, Biological Conservation (129) 302-311
We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70-100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection...
The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA
A.M. Farag, D.D. Harper, L. Cleveland, W. G. Brumbaugh, E. E. Little
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 575-579
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study...
Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park
B. Planer-Friedrich, C. Lehr, J. Matschullat, B.J. Merkel, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Mark W. Sandstrom
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 2480-2491
Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5–200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to...
Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff
S.R. Corsi, S.W. Geis, J. E. Loyo-Rosales, C.P. Rice, R.J. Sheesley, G.G. Failey, Devon A. Cancilla
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 3195-3202
Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to...
Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout
Gael Kurath, Kyle A. Garver, Serge Corbeil, Diane G. Elliott, Eric D. Anderson, Scott E. LaPatra
2006, Vaccine (24) 345-354
The DNA vaccine pIHNw-G encodes the glycoprotein of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine performance in rainbow trout was measured 3, 6, 13, 24, and 25 months after vaccination. At three months all fish vaccinated with 0.1 μg pIHNw-G had detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) and they were completely...
A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup
2006, Report
We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed...
An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania
Adam J. Kaeser, Charlotte Rasmussen, William E. Sharpe
2006, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (18) 90-100
Salmonid whirling disease, caused by the myxosporean parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, was first observed in the United States in 1956 in central Pennsylvania. The parasite was subsequently discovered at several culture facilities throughout the state, and widespread distribution of this parasite via the stocking of subclinically infected brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus...
Steelhead of the south-central/southern California coast: Population characterization for recovery planning
David A. Boughton, P.B. Adams, E. Anderson, Craig Fusaro, E. Keller, Elsie Kelley, Leo Lentsch, J. L. Nielsen, Katie Perry, Helen Regan, C. Swift, Fred Watson
2006, Report
This report by the National Marine Fisheries Service applies a formal evaluation framework to the problem of delineating Oncorhynchus mykiss populations in the South-Central/Southern California Coast recovery domain, in support of recovery planning under the Endangered Species Act....
