A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska
Jeff Eidenshink
2006, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (72) 1027-1035
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty,...
Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation
K.L. Findell, T.R. Knutson, P. C. D. Milly
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 2835-2850
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere-land model version 2 (AM2/LM2) coupled to a 50-m-thick slab ocean model has been used to investigate remote responses to tropical deforestation. Magnitudes and significance of differences between a control run and a deforested run are assessed through comparisons of 50-yr time series, accounting for...
Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends
J.E. Hinck, C. J. Schmitt, V. S. Blazer, N. D. Denslow, T.M. Bartish, P.J. Anderson, J.J. Coyle, G.M. Dethloff, D. E. Tillitt
2006, Science of the Total Environment (366) 549-578
Fish were collected from 16 sites on rivers in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998 to document temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Columbia River...
Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii
P. Hershberger, A. Hart, J. Gregg, N. Elder, J. Winton
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (70) 201-208
Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially...
Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado
Tristan P. Wellman, Eileen P. Poeter
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Computational limitations and sparse field data often mandate use of continuum representation for modeling hydrologic processes in large‐scale fractured aquifers. Selecting appropriate element size is of primary importance because continuum approximation is not valid for all scales. The traditional approach is to select elements by identifying a single representative elementary...
Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer
J. Ivanov, R. D. Miller, P. Lacombe, C. D. Johnson, J.W. Lane Jr.
2006, Geophysics (71) A39-A42
The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data...
Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids
R. Kocan, S. LaPatra, J. Gregg, J. Winton, P. Hershberger
2006, Journal of Fish Diseases (29) 521-527
Swimming stamina, measured as time-to-fatigue, was reduced by approximately two-thirds in rainbow trout experimentally infected with Ichthyophonus. Intensity of Ichthyophonus infection was most severe in cardiac muscle but multiple organs were infected to a lesser extent. The mean heart weight of infected fish was 40% greater than that of uninfected...
Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus
V. S. Blazer, J.W. Fournie, J.C. Wolf, M.J. Wolfe
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (72) 19-30
Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other...
Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003
David K. Keefer, Joseph Wartman, Ochoa C. Navarro, Adrian Rodriguez-Marek, Gerald F. Wieczorek
2006, Engineering Geology (86) 183-197
The Tecomán, Mexico earthquake (also called the “Colima earthquake”) of January 21, 2003 (M 7.6) triggered several hundreds of landslides in the coastal cordilleras of Colima State, near the earthquake source, and several thousands in the volcanic highlands north and northwest of Colima City. These landslides, mostly shallow and...
Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Jon J. Major, Linda E. Mark
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 938-958
Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300–1300 km2 drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris...
CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap
Hugh H. Kieffer, Phillip R. Christensen, Timothy N. Titus
2006, Nature (442) 793-796
The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer....
Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan
H. Kelsey, K. Satake, Y. Sawai, B. Sherrod, K. Shimokawa, M. Shishikura
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
Coastal stratigraphy of eastern Hokkaido indicates that decimeters of coastal uplitt occurred repeatedly m the late Holocene. Employing radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, we identify along a 100 km length of the Kuril subduction zone six uplift events since ???2,800 years B.P. Uplift events occur at the same frequency as unusually...
Microsatellite DNA markers for assessing phylogeographic and population structure in Preble's meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) and cross-amplification among neighbouring taxa
T.L. King, M.S. Eackles, C. Young
2006, Molecular Ecology Notes (6) 670-673
We document the isolation and characterization of 14 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei). The identified markers displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 4.9 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 55.1%). Genotypic and allelic frequencies in a collection of 30 individuals conformed to...
Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines
Uri S. ten Brink, J. Song, R.C. Bucknam
2006, Geology (34) 585-588
A major earthquake on the Seattle fault, Washington, ca. A.D. 900-930 was first inferred from uplifted shorelines and tsunami deposits. Despite follow-up geophysical and geological investigations, the rupture parameters of the earthquake and the geometry of the fault are uncertain. Here we estimate the fault geometry, slip direction, and magnitude...
Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin
M. Liu, Walter D. Mooney, S. Li, N. Okaya, Shane T. Detweiler
2006, Tectonophysics (420) 253-266
The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure...
Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges
V. Bahn, R.J. O’Connor, W.B. Krohn
2006, Oikos (115) 89-96
Range edges are of particular interest to ecology because they hold key insights into the limits of the realized niche and associated population dynamics. A recent feature of Oikos summarized the state of the art on range edge ecology. While the typical question is what causes range edges, another important...
Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow
M.A. Ahlering, Douglas H. Johnson, John Faaborg
2006, Journal of Field Ornithology (77) 365-371
Territorial songbirds generally use song to defend territories and attract mates, but conspecific song may also serve as a cue to attract other male songbirds to a breeding site. Although known to occur in some colonial and forest-associated species, only recently have investigators examined conspecific attraction in grassland species. We...
Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach
Scott D. Wankel, C. Kendall, C.A. Francis, A. Paytan
2006, Limnology and Oceanography (51) 1654-1664
We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N and δ18O) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO2−). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July–August 2004....
Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of basaltic flows of the Cat Hills, Cat Mesa, Wind Mesa, Cerro Verde, and Mesita Negra, central New Mexico
F. Maldonado, J. R. Budahn, L. Peters, D.M. Unruh
2006, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (43) 1251-1268
The geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic compositions of basaltic flows erupted from the Cat Hills, Cat Mesa, Wind Mesa, Cerro Verde, and Mesita Negra volcanic centres in central New Mexico indicate that each of these lavas had unique origins and that the predominant mantle involved in their production was an ocean-island...
Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah
J. C. Neff, Richard L. Reynolds, R.L. Sanford Jr., D. Fernandez, Paul J. Lamothe
2006, Ecosystems (9) 879-893
The cold deserts of the Colorado Plateau contain numerous geologically and geochemically distinct sedimentary bedrock types. In the area near Canyonlands National Park in Southeastern Utah, geochemical variation in geologic substrates is related to the depositional environment with higher concentrations of Fe, Al, P, K, and Mg in sediments deposited...
Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean
S. Basu, F.M. Stuart, V. Klemm, G. Korschinek, K. Knie, J.R. Hein
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 3996-4006
Helium isotopes have been measured in samples of two ferromanganese crusts (VA13/2 and CD29-2) from the central Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the deepest part of crust CD29-2 the data can be explained by a mixture of implanted solar- and galactic cosmic ray-produced (GCR) He, in extraterrestrial grains, and...
Strontium
J.A. Ober
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 57
China, Mexico, Spain and Turkey are the world's leading producers of celestite (strontium sulphate). These countries accounted for 98% of the total world production in 2005. For the same period, US apparent consumption of strontium decreased to 12.3 kt. Imports were 21.2 kt, of which 84% came from Mexico. Imports...
Nitrogen dynamics in sediment during water level manipulation on the Upper Mississippi River
Jennifer C. Cavanaugh, William B. Richardson, Eric A. Strauss, Lynn Bartsch
2006, River Research and Applications (22) 651-666
Nitrogen (N) has been linked to increasing eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico and as a result there is increased interest in managing and improving water quality in the Mississippi River system. Water level reductions, or 'drawdowns', are being used more frequently in large river impoundments to improve vegetation growth...
Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells
R. L. Seiler
2006, Science of the Total Environment (367) 757-768
Many owners of domestic wells shock chlorinate their wells to treat for bacterial contamination or control bad odors from sulfides. Analysis of well water with four wells from Fallon, Nevada, showed that following recommended procedures for shock chlorinating wells can cause large, short-lasting increases in trace-element concentrations in ground water,...
Seismic response and damage detection analyses of an instrumented steel moment-framed building
J.E. Rodgers, M. Çelebi
2006, Journal of Structural Engineering (132) 1543-1552
The seismic performance of steel moment-framed buildings has been of particular interest since brittle fractures were discovered at the beam-column connections in a number of buildings following the M 6.7 Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994. A case study of the seismic behavior of an extensively instrumented 13-story steel moment...
