An exploratory method to detect tephras from quantitative XRD scans: Examples from Iceland and east Greenland marine sediments
John T. Andrews, D. D. Eberl, G.B. Kristjansdottir
2006, Holocene (16) 1035-1042
Tephras, mainly from Iceland, are becoming increasingly important in interpreting leads and lags in the Holocene climate system across NW Europe. Here we demonstrate that Quantitative Phase Analysis of x-ray diffractograms of the < 2 mm of marine sediment fraction (ie, sand, silt and clay) from Iceland and East Greenland...
Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order
R.J. Hobbs, S. Arico, J. Aronson, Jill Baron, P. Bridgewater, V.A. Cramer, P.R. Epstein, J.J. Ewel, C.A. Klink, A.E. Lugo, D. Norton, D. Ojima, D.M. Richardson, E.W. Sanderson, F. Valladares, M. Vila, R. Zamora, M. Zobel
2006, Global Ecology and Biogeography (15) 1-7
We explore the issues relevant to those types of ecosystems containing new combinations of species that arise through human action, environmental change, and the impacts of the deliberate and inadvertent introduction of species from other regions. Novel ecosystems (also termed ‘emerging ecosystems’) result when species occur in combinations and relative...
Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts
R.C. Smith II
2006, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences (28) 238-253
The Bald Friar Metabasalt (BFM) and Kennett Square Amphibolite (KSA) are basaltic units found in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania. The BFM is also recognized in northern Maryland. Both are believed to represent fragments of the floor of the Iapetus Ocean, but are not known occur in direct association with...
Predicting minimum habitat characteristics for the Indiana bat in the Champlain Valley
K.S. Watrous, T.M. Donovan, R.M. Mickey, S.R. Darling, A.C. Hicks, S. L. Von Oettingen
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1228-1237
Predicting potential habitat across a landscape for rare species is extremely challenging. However, partitioned Mahalanobis D2 methods avoid pitfalls commonly encountered when surveying rare species by using data collected only at known species locations. Minimum habitat requirements are then determined by examining a principal components analysis to find consistent habitat...
Rank score and permutation testing alternatives for regression quantile estimates
B.S. Cade, J.D. Richards, P.W. Mielke Jr.
2006, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation (76) 331-355
Performance of quantile rank score tests used for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence intervals for linear quantile regression estimates (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1) were evaluated by simulation for models with p = 2 and 6 predictors, moderate collinearity among predictors, homogeneous and hetero-geneous errors, small to moderate samples (n = 20–300), and central to upper quantiles (0.50–0.99)....
Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra
N. Ryden, C.B. Park
2006, Geophysics (71)
The conventional inversion of surface waves depends on modal identification of measured dispersion curves, which can be ambiguous. It is possible to avoid mode-number identification and extraction by inverting the complete phase-velocity spectrum obtained from a multichannel record. We use the fast simulated annealing (FSA) global search algorithm to minimize...
Storm-induced redistribution of deepwater sediments in Lake Ontario
J.D. Halfman, D.E. Dittman, R.W. Owens, M.D. Etherington
2006, Journal of Great Lakes Research (32) 348-360
High-resolution seismic reflection profiles, side-scan sonar profiles, and surface sediment analyses for grain size (% sand, silt & clay), total organic carbon content, and carbonate content along shore-perpendicular transects offshore of Olcott and Rochester in Lake Ontario were utilized to investigate cm-thick sands or absence of deep-water postglacial sediments in...
Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals
C.S. Gillies, M. Hebblewhite, S.E. Nielsen, M.A. Krawchuk, Cameron L. Aldridge, J.L. Frair, D.J. Saher, C.E. Stevens, C.L. Jerde
2006, Journal of Animal Ecology (75) 887-898
1. Resource selection estimated by logistic regression is used increasingly in studies to identify critical resources for animal populations and to predict species occurrence.2. Most frequently, individual animals are monitored and pooled to estimate population-level effects without regard to group or individual-level variation. Pooling assumes that both observations...
Rejuvenating restoration of the Great Lakes
J.M. McNeal, N.G. Grannemann
2006, Geotimes (51) 22-26
[No abstract available]...
A 16-year record of eolian dust in Southern Nevada and California, USA: Controls on dust generation and accumulation
M.C. Reheis
2006, Journal of Arid Environments (67) 487-520
An ongoing project monitors modern dust accumulation in the arid southwestern United States to (1) determine the rate and composition of dust inputs to soils and (2) relate dust accumulation to weather patterns to help predict the effects of climate change on dust production and accumulation. The 16-year records of...
Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone
A.R. Nelson, H.M. Kelsey, Robert C. Witter
2006, Quaternary Research (65) 354-365
Comparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at eight coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts...
Application of artificial neural networks to assess pesticide contamination in shallow groundwater
G.B. Sahoo, C. Ray, E. Mehnert, D.A. Keefer
2006, Science of the Total Environment (367) 234-251
In this study, a feed-forward back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was developed and applied to predict pesticide concentrations in groundwater monitoring wells. Pesticide concentration data are challenging to analyze because they tend to be highly censored. Input data to the neural network included the categorical indices of depth to aquifer material,...
Health impacts of coal: Should we be concerned?
R. B. Finkelman, H. E. Belkin, J.A. Centeno
2006, Geotimes (51) 24-28
[No abstract available]...
Long-term surface fuel accumulation in burned and unburned mixed-conifer forests of the central and southern Sierra Nevada, CA (USA)
M.B. Keifer, J. W. van Wagtendonk, M. Buhler
2006, Fire Ecology (2) 53-72
Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations: The levels of mercury contamination found in freshwater fish in Sweden and Finland are similar to those found in such fish in the United States. On the other hand, fish consumption in this country is regarded as generally somewhat less...
State summaries: Oklahoma
S.T. Krukowski
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 112
In 2005, Oklahoma mines produced both industrial minerals and coal. No metals were mined in the state. Based on value, leading industrial minerals include crushed stone followed by cement, construction sand and gravel, industrial sand and gravel, iodine and gypsum. The Oklahoma Department of Mines (ODOM) reported that more than...
Negative magnetic anomaly over Mt. Resnik, a subaerially erupted volcanic peak beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
John C. Behrendt, Carol A. Finn, D. L. Morse, D. D. Blankenship
2006, Terra Antarctica (12) 203-212
Mt. Resnik is one of the previously reported 18 subaerially erupted volcanoes (in the West Antarctic rift system), which have high elevation and high bed relief beneath the WAIS in the Central West Antarctica (CWA) aerogeophysical survey. Mt. Resnik lies 300 m below the surface of the West Antarctic Ice...
Santa Barbara Basin study extends global climate record
C. Nicholson, J. Kennett, C. Sorlien, S. Hopkins, R. Behl, William Normark, R. Sliter, T. Hill, D. Pak, A. Schimmelmann, K. Cannariato
2006, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (87) 205-207
[No abstract available]...
Post-seismic relaxation following the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on a compressible self-gravitating Earth
F. F. Pollitz, R. Burgmann, P. Banerjee
2006, Geophysical Journal International (167) 397-420
he Mw ??? 9.0 2004 December 26 Sumatra-Andaman and Mw =8.7 2005 March 28 Nias earthquakes, which collectively ruptured approximately 1800 km of the Andaman and Sunda subduction zones, are expected to be followed by vigorous viscoelastic relaxation involving both the upper and lower mantle. Because of these large spatial...
Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA
S.F. Atkinson, J.A. Mabe
2006, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (120) 449-460
A submersible sonde equipped with a specific conductivity probe, linked with a global positioning satellite receiver was developed, deployed on a small boat, and used to map spatial and temporal variations in specific conductivity in a large reservoir. 7,695 sample points were recorded during 8 sampling trips. Specific conductivity ranged...
Isotopic insights into smoothening of abandoned fan surfaces, Southern California
A. Matmon, K. Nichols, R. Finkel
2006, Quaternary Research (66) 109-118
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40??kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n??=??15), surface sediment...
Fishes associated with North Carolina shelf-edge hardbottoms and initial assessment of a proposed marine protected area
A.M. Quattrini, Steve W. Ross
2006, Bulletin of Marine Science (79) 137-163
Fish community data are limited from deeper shelf-edge hardbottoms along the southeastern U.S. continental shelf. This lack of data Hampers the design of recently proposed marine protected areas (MPAs) on the outer shelf of the southeastern U.S. During 2001-2004, sampling was conducted (57-25 m) to describe habitats and fish communities...
Cometary impact and amino acid survival - Chemical kinetics and thermochemistry
D.S. Ross
2006, Journal of Physical Chemistry A (110) 6633-6637
The Arrhenius parameters for the initiating reactions in butane thermolysis and the formation of soot, reliable to at least 3000 K, have been applied to the question of the survival of amino acids in cometary impacts on early Earth. The pressure/temperature/time course employed here was that developed in hydrocode simulations...
The chemical quality of self-supplied domestic well water in the United States
Michael J. Focazio, D. Tipton, Stephanie Dunkle Shapiro, Linda H. Geiger
2006, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (26) 92-104
Existing water quality data collected from domestic wells were summarized to develop the first national‐scale retrospective of self‐supplied drinking water sources. The contaminants evaluated represent a range of inorganic and organic compounds, and although the data set was not originally designed to be a statistical representation...
Experiments on δ34S mixing between organic and inorganic sulfur species during thermal maturation
Alon Amrani, Ward Said-Ahamed, Michael D. Lewan, Zeev Aizenshtat
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 5146-5161
Reduced sulfur species were studied to constrain isotopic exchange-mixing with synthetic polysulfide cross-linked macromolecules (PCLM), model sulfur containing molecules and natural sulfur-rich kerogen, asphalt and oil of the Dead Sea area. PCLM represents protokerogens that are rich in sulfur and thermally unstable. Mixing rates of PCLM with <a...
Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, L.O. Clark, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 351-360
Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April-May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat...
