Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water
C.A. Kinney, E. T. Furlong, S.L. Werner, J.D. Cahill
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 317-326
Three sites in the Front Range of Colorado, USA, were monitored from May through September 2003 to assess the presence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water derived from urban wastewater. Soil cores were collected monthly, and 19 pharmaceuticals, all of which were...
Modelling river discharge and precipitation from estuarine salinity in the northern Chesapeake Bay: Application to Holocene palaeoclimate
C. Saenger, T. Cronin, R. Thunell, C. Vann
2006, Holocene (16) 467-477
Long-term chronologies of precipitation can provide a baseline against which twentieth-century trends in rainfall can be evaluated in terms of natural variability and anthropogenic influence. However, there are relatively few methods to quantitatively reconstruct palaeoprecipitation and river discharge compared with proxies of other climatic factors, such as temperature. We developed...
Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion
N.N. Barger, J. E. Herrick, J. Van Zee, J. Belnap
2006, Biogeochemistry (77) 247-263
In this study, we conducted rainfall simulation experiments in a cool desert ecosystem to examine the role of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on dissolved and sediment C and N losses. We compared runoff and sediment C and N losses from intact late-successional dark cyanolichen crusts (intact) to both...
Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa)
Elwell L.C. Steinbach, B.L. Kerans, C. Rasmussen, J. R. Winton
2006, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (68) 131-139
Host-parasite interactions influence host population growth, host evolution and parasite success. We examined the interactions among Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, and resistant and susceptible strains of the oligochaete host Tubifex tubifex. Strains of T. tubifex with diverse genotypes often coexist in nature and have variable...
Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils
P.H.F. Hobbelen, J.E. Koolhaas, C.A.M. van Gestel
2006, Pedobiologia (50) 51-60
Aim of this study was to determine effects of heavy metals on litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in National Park the "Brabantsche Biesbosch", the Netherlands. Adult L. rubellus were collected from 12 polluted and from one unpolluted field site. Earthworms collected at the unpolluted site were kept in...
Association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with live algae and total lipids in rivers - A field-based approach
S.A. Fitzgerald, J. J. Steuer
2006, Science of the Total Environment (354) 60-74
The association of PCBs and live algal cells in rivers was studied at four locations during four seasons in two Wisconsin rivers. Positive relations between particle-associated PCBs and both chlorophyll-a and algal carbon concentrations indicated that live algal cells were a significant sorption phase for dissolved PCBs. Large Pennate diatoms...
Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California)
A.M. Schleicher, B.A. van der Pluijm, J.G. Solum, L.N. Warr
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
The clay mineralogy and texture of rock fragments from the SAFOD borehole at 3067 m and 3436 m measured depth (MD) was investigated by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and X-ray-diffraction (XRD). The washed and ultrasonically cleaned samples show slickenfiber striations and thin films of Ca-K bearing smectite that are formed...
Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska
X. Zhang, A. D. McGuire, Roger W. Ruess
2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (11) 147-174
A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in...
Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin
D.A. Grear, M.D. Samuel, J.A. Langenberg, D. Keane
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 546-553
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) caused by transmissible protease-resistant prions. Since the discovery of CWD in southern Wisconsin in 2001, more than 20,000 deer have been removed from a >2,500-km2 disease eradication zone surrounding the three initial cases. Nearly all deer removed...
Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in San Francisco Bay
S.E. Schwarzbach, J.D. Albertson, C.M. Thomas
2006, The Auk (123) 45-60
We assessed the reproductive success of the California Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus), an endangered subspecies restricted to San Francisco Bay, and the relative importance of predation, flooding, and contaminants as factors affecting that success. Our study was conducted in six tidal marshes in the northern and southern reaches of...
Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow
J.N. Houser, P. J. Mulholland, K.O. Maloney
2006, Journal of Environmental Quality (35) 352-365
Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry. Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate...
Northern Florida reef tract benthic metabolism scaled by remote sensing
J. C. Brock, K. K. Yates, R. B. Halley, I. B. Kuffner, C. W. Wright, B.G. Hatcher
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (312) 123-139
Holistic rates of excess organic carbon production (E) and calcification for a 0.5 km2 segment of the backreef platform of the northern Florida reef tract (NFRT) were estimated by combining biotope mapping using remote sensing with community metabolic rates determined with a benthic incubation system. The use of ASTER multispectral...
Identification and regulatory analysis of rainbow trout tapasin and tapasin-related genes
E.D. Landis, Y. Palti, J. Dekoning, R. Drew, R.B. Phillips, J.D. Hansen
2006, Immunogenetics (58) 56-69
Tapasin (TAPBP) is a key member of MHC class Ia antigen-loading complexes, bridging the class Ia molecule to the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP). As part of an ongoing study of MHC genomics in rainbow trout, we have identified two rainbow trout TAPBP genes (Onmy-TAPBP.a and .b) and a...
Methodology and results of calculating central California surface temperature trends: Evidence of human-induced climate change?
J.R. Christy, W.B. Norris, K. Redmond, K. P. Gallo
2006, Journal of Climate (19) 548-563
A procedure is described to construct time series of regional surface temperatures and is then applied to interior central California stations to test the hypothesis that century-scale trend differences between irrigated and nonirrigated regions may be identified. The procedure requires documentation of every point in time at which a discontinuity...
Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae into western Florida Bay
Maria M. Criales, John D. Wang, Joan A. Browder, Michael B. Robblee, Thomas L. Jackson, Clinton D. Hittle
2006, Fishery Bulletin (104) 60-74
The variability in the supply of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae and the transport mechanisms of planktonic stages were investigated with field data and simulations of transport. Postlarvae entering the nursery grounds of Florida Bay were collected for three consecutive years at channels that connect the Bay with the Gulf...
Capture-related stressors impair immune system function in sablefish
S.C. Lupes, M.W. Davis, B.L. Olla, C.B. Schreck
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 129-138
The sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the...
Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range
M.W. Williams, M. Knauf, N. Caine, F. Liu, P. L. Verplanck
2006, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (17) 13-33
We characterize the seasonal variation in the geochemical and isotopic content of the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier (RG5), located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Between June and August, the geochemical content of rock glacier outflow does not appear to differ...
Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Theodore R. Simons, Susan A. Shriner, George L. Farnsworth
2006, Biological Conservation (129) 302-311
We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70-100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection...
State summaries: Utah
R.L. Bon, K.A. Krahulec
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 116-122
The value of Utah's mineral production in 2005 was estimated to be a record $3.58 billion. This was $1.26 billion higher than the revised value of $2.32 billion for 2004. All major industry segments gained in value in 2005. In the value of nonfuel mineral production, Utah ranked fourth. The...
Diurnal variation in rates of calcification and carbonate sediment dissolution in Florida Bay
K. K. Yates, R. B. Halley
2006, Estuaries and Coasts (29) 24-39
Water quality and criculation in Florida Bay (a shallow, subtropical estuary in south Florida) are highly dependent upon the development and evolution of carbonate mud banks distributed throughout the Bay. Predicting the effect of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on carbonate sedimentation requires an understanding of annual,...
The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA
A.M. Farag, D.D. Harper, L. Cleveland, W. G. Brumbaugh, E. E. Little
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 575-579
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study...
Differences in tsunami generation between the December 26, 2004 and March 28, 2005 Sumatra earthquakes
E.L. Geist, S.L. Bilek, D. Arcas, V.V. Titov
2006, Earth, Planets and Space (58) 185-193
Source parameters affecting tsunami generation and propagation for the Mw > 9.0 December 26, 2004 and the Mw = 8.6 March 28, 2005 earthquakes are examined to explain the dramatic difference in tsunami observations. We evaluate both scalar measures (seismic moment, maximum slip, potential energy) and finite-source repre-sentations (distributed slip...
Using Modified Mercalli Intensities to estimate acceleration response spectra for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
J. Boatwright, H. Bundock, L. C. Seekins
2006, Earthquake Spectra (22)
We derive and test relations between the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and the pseudo-acceleration response spectra at 1.0 and 0.3 s - SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s) - in order to map response spectral ordinates for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Recent analyses of intensity have shown that MMI ???...
Breeding and moulting locations and migration patterns of the Atlantic population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri as determined from satellite telemetry
Margaret R. Petersen, Jan O. Bustnes, Geir H. Systad
2006, Journal of Avian Biology (37) 58-68
This study was designed to determine the spring, summer, autumn, and early winter distribution, migration routes, and timing of migration of the Atlantic population of Steller's eiders Polysticta stelleri. Satellite transmitters were implanted in 20 eiders captured in April 2001 at Vads??, Norway, and their locations were determined from 5...
Oxygen isotopes of phosphatic compounds - Application for marine particulate matter, sediments and soils
K. McLaughlin, A. Paytan, C. Kendall, S. Silva
2006, Marine Chemistry (98) 148-155
The phosphate oxygen isotopic composition in naturally occurring particulate phosphatic compounds (δ18Op) can be used as a tracer for phosphate sources and to evaluate the cycling of phosphorus (P) in the environment. However, phosphatic compounds must be converted to silver phosphate prior to isotopic...
