The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA
A.M. Farag, D.D. Harper, L. Cleveland, W. G. Brumbaugh, E. E. Little
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 575-579
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study...
Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park
B. Planer-Friedrich, C. Lehr, J. Matschullat, B.J. Merkel, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Mark W. Sandstrom
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 2480-2491
Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5–200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to...
Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff
S.R. Corsi, S.W. Geis, J. E. Loyo-Rosales, C.P. Rice, R.J. Sheesley, G.G. Failey, Devon A. Cancilla
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 3195-3202
Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to...
Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA
M.V. Machavaram, Donald O. Whittemore, M.E. Conrad, N.L. Miller
2006, Journal of Hydrology (330) 470-480
A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition...
Beaver dams and overbank floods influence groundwater-surface water interactions of a Rocky Mountain riparian area
Cherie J. Westbrook, David J. Cooper, Bruce W. Baker
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Overbank flooding is recognized by hydrologists as a key process that drives hydrogeomorphic and ecological dynamics in mountain valleys. Beaver create dams that some ecologists have assumed may also drive riparian hydrologic processes, but empirical evidence is lacking. We examined the influence of two in‐channel beaver dams and a 10...
Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park
C.O. Ostberg, R. J. Rodriguez
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 924-942
Historic introductions of nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss into the native habitats of cutthroat trout O. clarkii have impacted cutthroat trout populations through introgressive hybridization, creating challenges and concerns for cutthroat trout conservation. We examined the effects of rainbow trout introductions on the native westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisii...
Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences
K.J. Remick, Jeffrey J. Love
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
We consider the statistical modeling of the occurrence in time of large Kp magnetic storms as a Poisson process, testing whether or not relatively rare, large Kp events can be considered to arise from a stochastic, sequential, and memoryless process. For a Poisson process, the wait times between successive events...
Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased
P.C.J. Donoghue, A. Kouchinsky, Dieter Waloszek, S. Bengtson, X.-P. Dong, A.K. Val’Kov, J.A. Cunningham, J.E. Repetski
2006, Evolution and Development (8) 232-238
We report new discoveries of embryos and egg capsules from the Lower Cambrian of Siberia, Middle Cambrian of Australia and Lower Ordovician of North America. Together with existing records, embryos have now been recorded from four of the seven continents. However, the new discoveries highlight secular and systematic biases in...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses
C.V. Hawkes, J. Belnap, C. D'Antonio, M.K. Firestone
2006, Plant and Soil (281) 369-380
Plant invasions have the potential to significantly alter soil microbial communities, given their often considerable aboveground effects. We examined how plant invasions altered the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of native plant roots in a grassland site in California and one in Utah. In the California site, we used experimentally created plant...
Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis
M.J. Anteau, A. D. Afton
2006, Canadian Journal of Zoology (84) 779-786
We compared diets of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)) in the springs of 2000 and 2001 to those reported in the 1970s and the 1980s to determine whether forage quality has declined as predicted by the spring condition hypothesis. In Minnesota, we found that the current aggregate percentage of...
What is causing the phytoplankton increase in San Francisco Bay?
J. E. Cloern, A.D. Jassby, T.S. Schraga, K.L. Dallas
2006, Report
The largest living component of San Francisco Bay is the phytoplankton, a suspension of microscopic cells that convert sunlight energy into new living biomass through the same process of photosynthesis used by land plants. This primary production is the ultimate source of food for clams, zooplankton, crabs, sardines, halibut, sturgeon,...
Simple equations guide high-frequency surface-wave investigation techniques
J. Xia, Y. Xu, C. Chen, R.D. Kaufmann, Y. Luo
2006, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (26) 395-403
We discuss five useful equations related to high-frequency surface-wave techniques and their implications in practice. These equations are theoretical results from published literature regarding source selection, data-acquisition parameters, resolution of a dispersion curve image in the frequency-velocity domain, and the cut-off frequency of high modes. The first equation suggests Rayleigh...
Using diatom assemblages to assess urban stream conditions
C. E. Walker, Y. Pan
2006, Hydrobiologia (561) 179-189
We characterized changes in diatom assemblages along an urban-to-rural gradient to assess impacts of urbanization on stream conditions. Diatoms, water chemistry, and physical variables of riffles at 19 urban and 28 rural stream sites were sampled and assessed during the summer base flow period. Near stream land use was characterized...
Mineralogical anomalies and their influences on elemental geochemistry of the main workable coal beds from the Dafang Coalfield, Guizhou, China
S. Dai, D. Ren, D. Li, C. L. Chou, K. Luo
2006, Acta Geologica Sinica (80) 589-597
Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 11 Coal bed were investigated by using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), and optical microscopy. The results show that the No. 11 Coal bed has very high contents...
Aquifer composition and the tendency toward scale-deposit formation during reverse osmosis desalination - Examples from saline ground water in New Mexico, USA
G. F. Huff
2006, Desalination (190) 235-242
Desalination is expected to make a substantial contribution to water supply in the United States by 2020. Currently, reverse osmosis is one of the most cost effective and widely used desalination technologies. The tendency to form scale deposits during reverse osmosis is an important factor in determining the suitability of...
Biomonitoring in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, USA: metal concentrations in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and relations with macroinvertebrate assemblage
D.T. Rhea, D.D. Harper, A.M. Farag, W. G. Brumbaugh
2006, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (115) 381-393
Portions of the Boulder River watershed contain elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water, sediment, and biota. We measured concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage and aquatic habitat with the objective of monitoring planned remediation...
A genetic algorithm to reduce stream channel cross section data
C. Berenbrock
2006, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (42) 387-394
A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to reduce cross section data for a hypothetical example consisting of 41 data points and for 10 cross sections on the Kootenai River. The number of data points for the Kootenai River cross sections ranged from about 500 to more than 2,500. The GA...
Water quality in relation to vegetative buffers around sinkholes in karst terrain
A. Petersen, B. Vondracek
2006, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (61) 380-390
There are approximately 8,340 mapped sinkholes in karst terrain of southeast Minnesota. Most sinkholes are adjacent to row crops that likely contribute pollutants to surface waters and aquifers. Vegetated buffers can improve water quality by reducing sediment, fertilizers, pesticides, and other potential contaminants from runoff, and may benefit water quality...
Effects of contaminants on reproductive success of aquatic birds nesting at Edwards Air Force Base, California
R. L. Hothem, J.J. Crayon, M.A. Law
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (51) 711-719
Contamination by organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, and trace elements at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), located in the Mojave Desert, could adversely affect nesting aquatic birds, especially at the sewage lagoons that comprise Piute Ponds. Estimates of avian reproduction, in conjunction with analyses of eggs and avian foods...
Mourning dove hunting regulation strategy based on annual harvest statistics and banding data
David L. Otis
2006, Journal of Wildlife Management (70) 1302-1307
Although managers should strive to base game bird harvest management strategies on mechanistic population models, monitoring programs required to build and continuously update these models may not be in place. Alternatively, If estimates of total harvest and harvest rates are available, then population estimates derived from these harvest data can...
Characterizing the role benthos plays in large coastal seas and estuaries: A modular approach
K.R. Tenore, R.N. Zajac, J. Terwin, F. Andrade, J. Blanton, W. Boynton, D. Carey, R. Diaz, Austin F. Holland, E. Lopez-Jamar, P. Montagna, F. Nichols, R. Rosenberg, H. Queiroga, M. Sprung, R.B. Whitlatch
2006, Conference Paper, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Ecologists studying coastal and estuarine benthic communities have long taken a macroecological view, by relating benthic community patterns to environmental factors across several spatial scales. Although many general ecological patterns have been established, often a significant amount of the spatial and temporal variation in soft-sediment communities within and among systems...
Evaluation of multilayered pavement structures from measurements of surface waves
N. Ryden, M.J.S. Lowe, P. Cawley, C.B. Park
2006, Conference Paper, AIP Conference Proceedings
A method is presented for evaluating the thickness and stiffness of multilayered pavement structures from guided waves measured at the surface. Data is collected with a light hammer as the source and an accelerometer as receiver, generating a synthetic receiver array. The top layer properties are evaluated with a Lamb...
Sequence motifs and prokaryotic expression of the reptilian paramyxovirus fusion protein
J. Franke, W.N. Batts, W. Ahne, Gael Kurath, J. R. Winton
2006, Archives of Virology (151) 449-464
Fourteen reptilian paramyxovirus isolates were chosen to represent the known extent of genetic diversity among this novel group of viruses. Selected regions of the fusion (F) gene were sequenced, analyzed and compared. The F gene of all isolates contained conserved motifs homologous to those described for other members of the...
Regional intensity attenuation models for France and the estimation of magnitude and location of historical earthquakes
W. H. Bakun, O. Scotti
2006, Geophysical Journal International (164) 596-610
Intensity assignments for 33 calibration earthquakes were used to develop intensity attenuation models for the Alps, Armorican, Provence, Pyrenees and Rhine regions of France. Intensity decreases with ?? most rapidly in the French Alps, Provence and Pyrenees regions, and least rapidly in the Armorican and Rhine regions. The comparable Armorican...
Sensitivity of Last Glacial Maximum climate to uncertainties in tropical and subtropical ocean temperatures
S. Hostetler, N. Pisias, A. Mix
2006, Quaternary Science Reviews (25) 1168-1185
The faunal and floral gradients that underlie the CLIMAP (1981) sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) reflect ocean temperature gradients and frontal positions. The transfer functions used to reconstruct SSTs from biologic gradients are biased, however, because at the warmest sites they display inherently low sensitivity...
