Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach
L. B. Barber, S.F. Murphy, P. L. Verplanck, Mark W. Sandstrom, Howard E. Taylor, E. T. Furlong
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 475-486
Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km2 Boulder Creek...
Increased energy expenditure by a seabird in response to higher food abundance
P.G.R. Jodice, D.D. Roby, R.M. Suryan, D.B. Irons, K.R. Turco, E.D. Brown, J.F. Thedinga, G. Henk Visser
2006, Marine Ecology Progress Series (306) 283-293
Variability in forage fish abundance strongly affects seabird behavior and reproductive success, although details of this relationship are unclear. During 1997 and 1998, we measured (1) daily energy expenditure (DEE) of 80 parent black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla at 2 colonies in Prince William Sound, Alaska (North Icy Bay and Shoup...
Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Ken J. Ambrosius
2006, Arctic (59) 31-36
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential...
Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR
Oh-Ig Kwoun, Zhong Lu, Christina A. Neal, Charles W. Wicks Jr.
2006, Geology (34) 5-8
The 10-km-wide caldera of the historically active Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, subsides ∼13 mm/yr, based on data from 19 European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1 and ERS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images from 1992 through 2002. The pattern of subsidence does not reflect the distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the last...
Effects of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date on growth and survival of Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks
J.M. Arnold, J.J. Hatch, I.C.T. Nisbet
2006, Ibis (148) 98-105
We examined the relative contributions of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date to growth and survival of second-hatched chicks (those chicks making the greatest contribution to differences in productivity among pairs) by exchanging clutches among nests of Common Terns Sterna hirundo matched for lay-date (range 13 May to 9 June)....
An efficient Matlab script to calculate heterogeneous anisotropically elastic wave propagation in three dimensions
O.S. Boyd
2006, Computers & Geosciences (32) 259-264
We have created a second-order finite-difference solution to the anisotropic elastic wave equation in three dimensions and implemented the solution as an efficient Matlab script. This program allows the user to generate synthetic seismograms for three-dimensional anisotropic earth structure. The code was written for teleseismic wave propagation in the 1-0.1...
Reducing risk in exploration under cover
Donald A. Singer, Ryoichi Kouda
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Mineral Exploration (ISME IX): Toward new frontiers for resource exploration and sustainable development
No abstract available....
MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport
C.D. Langevin, W. Guo
2006, Ground Water (44) 339-351
This paper presents an approach for coupling MODFLOW and MT3DMS for the simulation of variable-density ground water flow. MODFLOW routines were modified to solve a variable-density form of the ground water flow equation in which the density terms are calculated using an equation of state and the simulated MT3DMS solute...
Effects of sediment cover on survival and development of white sturgeon embryos
T.J. Kock, J.L. Congleton, P.J. Anders
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 134-141
A simple, inexpensive apparatus (embryo incubation unit [EIU]) was developed and used to assess the relationship between sediment cover (Kootenai River sediments, 97% by weight in the 0.83-mm- to 1.0-mm-diameter range) and survival of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus embryos in the laboratory. An apparatus-testing trial assessed the effects of two...
Populations estimates of North American shorebirds, 2006
R.I. Guy Morrison, Brian J. McCaffery, Robert E. Gill Jr., Susan K. Skagen, Stephanie L. Jones, Gary W. Page, Cheri L. Gratto-Trevor, Brad A. Andres
2006, Wader Study Group Bulletin (111) 67-85
This paper provides updates on population estimates for 52 species of shorebirds, involving 75 taxa, occurring in North America. New information resulting in a changed estimate is available for 39 of the 75 taxa (52%), involving 24 increases and 15 decreases. The preponderance of increased estimates is likely the result...
Case study: Mapping tsunami hazards associated with debris flow into a reservoir
J. S. Walder, P. Watts, C. F. Waythomas
2006, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (132) 1-11
Debris-flow generated impulse waves (tsunamis) pose hazards in lakes, especially those used for hydropower or recreation. We describe a method for assessing tsunami-related hazards for the case in which inundation by coherent water waves, rather than chaotic splashing, is of primary concern. The method involves an experimentally based initial condition...
State summaries: California
S. G. Kohl
2006, Mining Engineering (58) 70-74
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), California ranked second behind Arizona among the states in nonfuel mineral production during 2005. It accounted for 7% of the US's total. The market value of mineral production for California amounted to $3.7 billion. During the year, California produced 30 varieties of...
Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers
Glyn Williams-Jones, Keith A. Horton, Tamar Elias, Harold Garbeil, Peter J. Mouginis-Mark, A. Jeff Sutton, Andrew J. L. Harris
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (68) 328-332
A fundamental problem with all ground-based remotely sensed measurements of volcanic gas flux is the difficulty in accurately measuring the velocity of the gas plume. Since a representative wind speed and direction are used as proxies for the actual plume velocity, there can be considerable uncertainty in reported gas flux...
Life-history and ecological correlates of geographic variation in egg and clutch mass among passerine species
T. E. Martin, R.D. Bassar, S.K. Bassar, J.J. Fontaine, P. Lloyd, Heather A. Mathewson, Alina M. Niklison, A. Chalfoun
2006, Evolution (60) 390-398
Broad geographic patterns in egg and clutch mass are poorly described, and potential causes of variation remain largely unexamined. We describe interspecific variation in avian egg and clutch mass within and among diverse geographic regions and explore hypotheses related to allometry, clutch size, nest predation, adult mortality, and parental care...
Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr
EH Jorgensen, M.N. Vijayan, J.-E.A. Killie, N. Aluru, O. Aas-Hansen, A. Maule
2006, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A (69) 37-52
In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as...
Population dynamics of Greater Scaup breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Paul L. Flint, J. Barry Grand, Thomas F. Fondell, Julie A. Morse
2006, Wildlife Monographs (162) 1-22
Populations of greater scaup (Aythya marila) remained relatively stable during a period when populations of lesser scaup (A. affinis) have declined from historic levels. To assist in describing these differences in population trends, from 1991 through 2000, we studied the survival, nesting ecology, and productivity of greater scaup on the...
Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage
W. J. Stephenson, A.D. Frankel, J. K. Odum, R. A. Williams, T. L. Pratt
2006, Geophysical Research Letters (33)
A shallow bedrock fold imaged by a 1.3-km long high-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection profile in west Seattle focuses seismic waves arriving from the south. This focusing may cause a pocket of amplified ground shaking and the anomalous chimney damage observed in earthquakes of 1949, 1965 and 2001. The 200-m bedrock...
Role of microbial iron reduction in the dissolution of iron hydroxysulfate minerals
E.J.P. Jones, T.-L. Nadeau, M.A. Voytek, E. R. Landa
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (111)
Iron-hydroxysulfate minerals can be important hosts for metals such as lead, mercury, copper, zinc, silver, chromium, arsenic, and selenium and for radionuclides such as 226Ra. These mineral-bound contaminants are considered immobilized under oxic conditions. However, when anoxic conditions develop, the activities of sulfate- or iron-reducing bacteria could result in mineral...
Submarine geology of Hana Ridge and Haleakala Volcano's northeast flank, Maui
Barry W. Eakins, Joel E. Robinson
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (151) 229-250
We present a morphostructural analysis of the submarine portions of Haleakala Volcano and environs, based upon a 4-year program of geophysical surveys and submersible explorations of the underwater flanks of Hawaiian volcanoes that was conducted by numerous academic and governmental research organizations in Japan and the U.S. and funded primarily...
Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of tors and erratics, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland: Timescales for the development of a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion
W.M. Phillips, A.M. Hall, R. Mottram, L.K. Fifield, D.E. Sugden
2006, Geomorphology (73) 222-245
The occurrence of tors within glaciated regions has been widely cited as evidence for the preservation of relic pre-Quaternary landscapes beneath protective covers of non-erosive dry-based ice. Here, we test for the preservation of pre-Quaternary landscapes with cosmogenic surface exposure dating of tors. Numerous granite tors are present on summit...
Sediment phosphate composition in relation to emergent macrophytes in the Doñana Marshes (SW Spain)
M. Reina, J. L. Espinar, L. Serrano
2006, Water Research (40) 1185-1190
We have studied the effect of the presence of emergent macrophytes on the sediment phosphate composition of a eutrophic shallow marsh on the NE margin of Doñana (SW Spain). Top sediment and water samples were collected from both the open-water and the vegetated sites at three areas covered by different...
Odontomariinae, a new middle paleozoic subfamily of slit-bearing euophaloidean gastropods (Euophalomorpha, Gastropoda)
J. Fryda, D. Heidelberger, R. B. Blodgett
2006, Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Monatshefte 225-248
A new subfamily, the Odontomariinae subfam. nov., is established herein for a distinctive group of uncoiled, slit-bearing Middle Devonian euomphalid gastropods. Its taxonomic position is based on the recent discovery of open coiled protoconchs and it is placed within the Euomphalomorpha. The genera Odontomaria Odontomaria C. F. Roemer and Tubiconcha...
Mineral resource of the month: nickel
Peter H. Kuck
2006, Geotimes (2006)
Together with chromium, nickel makes steel more resistant to corrosion. Stainless steel thus accounts for more than 65 percent of primary nickel consumption in the world. One of the more common grades of stainless steel is Type 304, which contains 18 to 20 percent chromium and 10.5 to 12 percent...
Introduction
M.L. Brooks
2006, Book chapter, The Use of Fire as a Tool for Controlling Invasive Plants: Cal-IPC Publication 2006-01
No abstract available at this time...
Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise
J. T. Overpeck, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, G. H. Miller, D.R. Muhs, R. B. Alley, J.T. Kiehl
2006, Science (311) 1747-1750
Sea-level rise from melting of polar ice sheets is one of the largest potential threats of future climate change. Polar warming by the year 2100 may reach levels similar to those of 130,000 to 127,000 years ago that were associated with sea levels several meters above modern levels; both the...
