The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of Changhsingian Stage (Upper Permian)
Y. Jin, Y. Wang, C. Henderson, B. R. Wardlaw, S. Shen, C. Cao
2006, Episodes (29) 175-182
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base-Changhsingian Stage is defined at the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of the conodont Clarkina wangi within the lineage from C. longicuspidata to C. wangi at a point 88 cm above the base of the Changxing Limestone in the lower part of...
Measuring permanence of CO2 storage in saline formations: The Frio experiment
Susan D. Hovorka, Sally M. Benson, Christine Doughty, Barry M. Freifeild, Shinichi Sakurai, Thomas M. Daley, Yousif K. Kharaka, Mark H. Holtz, Robert C. Trautz, H. Seay Nance, Larry R. Myer, Kevin G. Knauss
2006, Environmental Geosciences (13) 105-121
If CO2 released from fossil fuel during energy production is returned to the subsurface, will it be retained for periods of time significant enough to benefit the atmosphere? Can trapping be assured in saline formations where there is no history of hydrocarbon accumulation? The Frio experiment in Texas was...
Striping artifact reduction in lunar orbiter mosaic images
P.A. Mlsna, T. Becker
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation
Photographic images of the moon from the 1960s Lunar Orbiter missions are being processed into maps for visual use. The analog nature of the images has produced numerous artifacts, the chief of which causes a vertical striping pattern in mosaic images formed from a series of filmstrips. Previous methods of...
Wave energy dissipation by intertidal sand waves on a mixed-sediment Beach
P. Adams, P. Ruggiero
2006, Conference Paper, Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference
Within the surf zone, the energy expended by wave breaking is strongly influenced by nearshore bathymetry, which is often linked to the character and abundance of local sediments. Based upon a continuous, two year record of Argus Beach Monitoring System (ABMS) data on the north shore of Kachemak Bay in...
Gas hydrate transect across northern Cascadia margin
M. Riedel, T. Collett, M. Malone, F. Akiba, M. Blanc-Valleron, M. Ellis, G. Guerin, Y. Hashimoto, V. Heuer, Y. Higashi, M. Holland, P. Jackson, M. Kaneko, M. Kastner, J.-H. Kim, H. Kitajima, P. Long, A. Malinverno, Gwen E. Myers, L. Palekar, J. Pohlman, P. Schultheiss, B. Teichert, M. Torres, A. Trehu, Jingyuan Wang, U. Worthmann, H. Yoshioka
2006, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (87) 329-330
Gas hydrate is a solid compound mainly comprised of methane and water that is stable under low temperature and high pressure conditions. Usually found in offshore environments with water depths exceeding about 500 meters and in arctic regions associated with permafrost, gas hydrates form an efficient storage system for natural...
Sediment mineralogy based on visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
R. D. Jarrard, Vanden Berg
Rothwell R.G., editor(s)
2006, Geological Society Special Publication 129-140
Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIS) can be used to measure reflectance spectra (wavelength 350-2500 nm) for sediment cores and samples. A local ground-truth calibration of spectral features to mineral percentages is calculated by measuring reflectance spectra for a suite of samples of known mineralogy. This approach has been tested on...
Denitrification in nitrate-rich streams: Application of N2:Ar and 15N-tracer methods in intact cores
Lesley K. Smith, M.A. Voytek, J.K. Böhlke, J. W. Harvey
2006, Ecological Applications (16) 2191-2207
Rates of benthic denitrification were measured using two techniques, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), applied to sediment cores from two NO3−‐rich streams draining agricultural land in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Denitrification was estimated simultaneously from measurements of N2:Ar (MIMS) and 15N[N2]...
Geochemical evolution of solutions derived from experimental weathering of sulfide-bearing rocks
L. Munk, G. Faure, R. Koski
2006, Applied Geochemistry (21) 1123-1134
The chemical composition of natural waters is affected by the weathering of geologic materials at or near the surface of the Earth. Laboratory weathering experiments of whole-rock sulfide rocks from the Shoe-Basin Mine (SBM) and the Pennsylvania Mine (PM) from the Peru Creek Basin, Summit County, Colorado, indicate that the...
Precessional forcing of lacustrine sedimentation in the late Cenozoic Chemeron Basin, Central Kenya Rift, and calibration of the Gauss/Matuyama boundary
A.L. Deino, J.D. Kingston, J. M. Glen, R.K. Edgar, A. Hill
2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (247) 41-60
The fluviolacustrine sedimentary sequence of the Chemeron Formation exposed in the Barsemoi River drainage, Tugen Hills, Kenya, contains a package of five successive diatomite/fluvial cycles that record the periodic development of freshwater lakes within the axial portion of the Central Kenya Rift. The overwhelming abundance in the diatomite of planktonic...
A spatially explicit approach for evaluating relationships among coastal cutthroat trout, habitat, and disturbance in small Oregon streams
R. E. Gresswell, C.E. Torgersen, D.S. Bateman, T.J. Guy, S.R. Hendricks, J. E. B. Wofford
R. Flint Hughes, L. Wang, P. Seelbach, editor(s)
2006, Book chapter, Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages
Abstract has not been submitted...
Emplacement of subaerial pahoehoe lava sheet flows into water: 1990 Kūpaianaha flow of Kilauea volcano at Kaimū Bay, Hawai`i
Susumu Umino, Miyuki Nonaka, James P. Kauahikaua
2006, Bulletin of Volcanology (69) 125-139
Episode 48 of the ongoing eruption of Kilauea, Hawai`i, began in July 1986 and continuously extruded lava for the next 5.5 years from a low shield, Kūpaianaha. The flows in March 1990 headed for Kalapana and inundated the entire town under 15–25 m of lava by the end of August. As the...
A multivariate model of plant species richness in forested systems: Old-growth montane forests with a long history of fire
D.C. Laughlin, J.B. Grace
2006, Oikos (114) 60-70
Recently, efforts to develop multivariate models of plant species richness have been extended to include systems where trees play important roles as overstory elements mediating the influences of environment and disturbance on understory richness. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship of understory vascular plant species richness to...
Fire decreases arthropod abundance but increases diversity: Early and late season prescribed fire effects in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest
Scott Ferrenberg, Dylan W. Schwilk, Eric E. Knapp, Eric Groth, Jon E. Keeley
2006, Fire Ecology (2) 79-102
Prior to fire suppression in the 20th century, the mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., historically burned in frequent fires that typically occurred during the late summer and early fall. Fire managers have been attempting to restore natural ecosystem processes through prescription burning, and have often favored burning...
Environmental and water decision-making in a changing climate
S. Jain, R.S. Pulwarty, T.S. Melis
2006, Conference Paper, Eos
[No abstract available]...
A revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada
R.W. Spengler, F. M. Byers, R. P. Dickerson
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
An informal, revised lithostratigraphic framework for the southern Yucca Mountain area, Nevada has been developed to accommodate new information derived from subsurface investigations of the Nye County Early Warning Drilling Program. Lithologies penetrated by recently drilled boreholes at locations between Stagecoach Road and Highway 95 in southern Nye County include...
Orientation-independent measures of ground motion
D.M. Boore, Jennie Watson-Lamprey, N. A. Abrahamson
2006, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (96) 1502-1511
The geometric mean of the response spectra for two orthogonal horizontal components of motion, commonly used as the response variable in predictions of strong ground motion, depends on the orientation of the sensors as installed in the field. This means that the measure of ground-motion intensity could differ for the...
A landscape perspective of the stream corridor invasion and habitat characteristics of an exotic (Dioscorea oppositifolia) in a pristine watershed in Illinois
J.R. Thomas, B. Middleton, D.J. Gibson
2006, Biological Invasions (8) 1103-1113
The spatial distribution of exotics across riparian landscapes is not uniform, and research elaborating the environmental constraints and dispersal behavior that underlie these patterns of distribution is warranted. This study examined the spatial distribution, growth patterns, and habitat constraints of populations of the invasive Dioscorea oppositifolia in a forested stream...
Holocene relative sea-level change in Hiroshima Bay, Japan: A semi-quantitative reconstruction based on ostracodes
Moriaki Yasuhara, Koji Seto
2006, Paleontological Research (10) 99-116
Holocene relative sea-level changes in Hiroshima Bay were reconstructed from fossil ostracodes from a core, using a semi-quantitative method. In Hiroshima Bay, relative sea level rose rapidly (about 25 m) between ca. 9000 cal yr BP and ca. 5800 cal yr BP, after which it gradually fell (about 5 m)...
A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos
William W. Chadwick, Dennis J. Geist, Sigurjon Jonsson, Michael P. Poland, Daniel J. Johnson, Charles M. Meertens
2006, Geology (34) 1025-1028
The results of geodetic monitoring since 2002 at Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos Islands show that the filling and pressurization of an ∼2-km-deep sill eventually led to an eruption that began on 22 October 2005. Continuous global positioning system (CGPS) monitoring measured >2 m of accelerating inflation leading up...
Geochemistry of low-temperature springs northwest of Yellowstone caldera: Seeking the link between seismicity, deformation, and fluid flow
William C. Evans, Deborah Bergfeld, Matthias C. van Soest, Mark Huebner, John Fitzpatrick, Kinga M. Revesz
2006, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (154) 169-180
A comprehensive geochemical survey of springs outside the northwest margin of the Yellowstone caldera was undertaken in 2003 and 2004. This survey was designed to detect: (1) active leakage from a huge reservoir of CO2 gas recently postulated to extend from beneath the caldera into this area; and (2) lingering evidence...
Temporal and spatial variability of fecal indicator bacteria in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA
L.K. Rosenfeld, C.D. McGee, G.L. Robertson, M.A. Noble, B.H. Jones
2006, Marine Environmental Research (61) 471-493
Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations measured in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA from July 1998-December 2001 were analyzed with respect to their spatial patterns along 23 km of beach, and temporal variability on time scales from hourly to fortnightly. The majority of samples had bacterial concentrations less than, or...
Overview of investigations into mercury in ground water, soils, and septage, New Jersey coastal plain
J. L. Barringer, Zoltan Szabo
2006, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (175) 193-221
Since the early 1980s, investigations by health departments of eight counties in southern New Jersey, by the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), and subsequently by the US Geological Survey (USGS), have shown that Hg concentrations in water tapped by about 600 domestic wells exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL)...
Vicarious calibration of GOES imager visible channel using the moon
X. Wu, T.C. Stone, F. Yu, D. Han
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
In this paper, we study the feasibility of a method for vicarious calibration of the GOES Imager visible channel using the Moon. The measured Moon irradiance from 26 undipped moon imagers exhausted all the potential Moon appearances between July 1998 and December 2005, together with the seven scheduled Moon observation...
Use of the moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements
T.C. Stone, H. H. Kieffer
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Production of reliable climate datasets from multiple observational measurements acquired by remote sensing satellite systems available now and in the future places stringent requirements on the stability of sensors and consistency among the instruments and platforms. Detecting trends in environmental parameters measured at solar reflectance wavelengths (0.3 to 2.5 microns)...
Gimme shelter: The importance of crevices to some fish species inhabiting a deeper-water rocky outcrop in Southern California
M.S. Love, D.M. Schroeder, B. Lenarz, G.R. Cochrane
2006, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports (47) 119-126
Federal law governing fisheries management recognizes the role habitat plays in structuring fish assemblages and achieving sustainable fisheries. However, in most instances it is not known which aspects of habitat are important to the lives of fish species. In 2004, we examined the importance of sheltering sites (crevices) to fishes...
