Chronic toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to early life-stages of endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) compared to the surrogate fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
J.F. Fairchild, A.L. Allert, L.C. Sappington, B. Waddell
2005, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (49) 378-384
Ammonia-contaminated groundwater enters the Upper Colorado River from beneath the abandoned Moab Uranium Mill Tailings Pile near Moab, Utah. This reach of the Upper Colorado River was designated as critical habitat for four endangered fish species because it is one of the few existing areas with known spawning and rearing...
Screening and evaluation of polymers as flocculation aids for the treatment of aquacultural effluents
J.M. Ebeling, K.L. Rishel, P.L. Sibrell
2005, Aquacultural Engineering (33) 235-249
As environmental regulations become more stringent, environmentally sound waste management and disposal are becoming increasingly more important in all aquaculture operations. One of the primary water quality parameters of concern is the suspended solids concentration in the discharged effluent. For example, EPA initially considered the establishment of numerical limitations for...
Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky
L.F. Ruppert, J.C. Hower, C.F. Eble
2005, International Journal of Coal Geology (63) 27-35
Arsenic concentrations determined on 11 lithotype samples from the Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Group Fire Clay coal bed, Leslie County, KY, range from 1 to 418 ppm (whole coal basis). The 11 lithotype samples, which vary in thickness from 4 to 18 cm, were sampled from a continuous 1.38 m channel...
A frictional population model of seismicity rate change
J. Gomberg, P. Reasenberg, M. Cocco, M.E. Belardinelli
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-10
We study models of seismicity rate changes caused by the application of a static stress perturbation to a population of faults and discuss our results with respect to the model proposed by Dieterich (1994). These models assume distribution of nucleation sites (e.g., faults) obeying rate-state frictional relations that fail at...
Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska
N. Hogeweg, T. E. C. Keith, E.M. Colvard, S. E. Ingebritsen
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (143) 279-291
The June 1912 eruption of Novarupta filled nearby glacial valleys on the Alaska Peninsula with ash-flow tuff (ignimbrite), and post-eruption observations of thousands of steaming fumaroles led to the name ‘Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes’ (VTTS). By the late 1980s most fumarolic activity had ceased, but the discovery of thermal...
Longer-term effects of selective thinning on microarthropod communities in a late-successional coniferous forest
Robert W. Peck, C. G. Niwa
2005, Environmental Entomology (34) 646-655
Microarthropod densities within late-successional coniferous forests thinned 16–41 yr before sampling were compared with adjacent unthinned stands to identify longer term effects of thinning on this community. Soil and forest floor layers were sampled separately on eight paired sites. Within the forest floor oribatid, mesostigmatid, and to a marginal extent,...
Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds in sediment
M.R. Burkhardt, R.C. ReVello, S.G. Smith, S.D. Zaugg
2005, Analytica Chimica Acta (534) 89-100
A broad range of organic compounds is recognized as environmentally relevant for their potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. This method was developed to better determine the distribution of 61 compounds that are typically associated with industrial and household waste as...
Burrowing mayflies as indicators of ecosystem health: Status of populations in western Lake Erie, Saginaw Bay and Green Bay
T.A. Edsall, M.T. Bur, O. T. Gorman, J.S. Schaeffer
2005, Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management (8) 107-116
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environment Canada are supporting the development of indicators of ecosystem health that can be used to report on progress in restoring and maintaining the Great Lakes ecosystem, as called for in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. One...
New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera
E. E. Brodsky, S. G. Prejean
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-14
Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western...
Structural evolution of fault zones in sandstone by multiple deformation mechanisms: Moab fault, southeast Utah
N.C. Davatzes, P. Eichhubl, A. Aydin
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 135-148
Faults in sandstone are frequently composed of two classes of structures: (1) deformation bands and (2) joints and sheared joints. Whereas the former structures are associated with cataclastic deformation, the latter ones represent brittle fracturing, fragmentation, and brecciation. We investigated the distribution of these structures, their formation, and the underlying...
Home range and space use patterns of flathead catfish during the summer-fall period in two Missouri streams
Jason C. Vokoun, Charles F. Rabeni
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 509-517
Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris were radio-tracked in the Grand River and Cuivre River, Missouri, from late July until they moved to overwintering habitats in late October. Fish moved within a definable area, and although occasional long-distance movements occurred, the fish typically returned to the previously occupied area. Seasonal...
Paleoproterozoic high-sulfidation mineralization in the Tapajós gold province, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: geology, mineralogy, alunite argon age, and stable-isotope constraints
Caetano Juliani, Robert O. Rye, Carmen Nunes, Lawrence W. Snee, Rafael H. Correa, Lena V.S. Monteiro, Jorge S. Bettencourt, Rainer Neumann, Arnaldo A. Neto
2005, Chemical Geology (215) 95-125
The Brazilian Tapajós gold province contains the first evidence of high-sulfidation gold mineralization in the Amazonian Craton. The mineralization appears to be in large nested calderas. The Tapajós–Parima (or Ventuari–Tapajós) geological province consists of a metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary sequence formed during a 2.10 to 1.87 Ga ocean−continent orogeny. The...
CO2 dynamics in the Amargosa Desert: Fluxes and isotopic speciation in a deep unsaturated zone
Michelle Ann Walvoord, Robert G. Striegl, David E. Prudic, David A. Stonestrom
2005, Water Resources Research (41) 1-15
Natural unsaturated-zone gas profiles at the U.S. Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site, near Beatty, Nevada, reveal the presence of two physically and isotopically distinct CO2 sources, one shallow and one deep. The shallow source derives from seasonally variable autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in the root zone. Scanning electron micrograph...
Calibration of numerical models for small debris flows in Yosemite Valley, California, USA
P. Bertolo, G. F. Wieczorek
2005, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (5) 993-1001
This study compares documented debris flow runout distances with numerical simulations in the Yosemite Valley of California, USA, where about 15% of historical events of slope instability can be classified as debris flows and debris slides (Wieczorek and Snyder, 2004). To model debris flows in the Yosemite Valley, we selected...
Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk
J. Fieberg, Kurt J. Jenkins
2005, Ecological Modelling (187) 259-280
Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is...
Detrital zircon provenance evidence for large-scale extrusion along the Altyn Tagh fault
Y. Yue, S.A. Graham, B.D. Ritts, J. L. Wooden
2005, Tectonophysics (406) 165-178
The question of whether or not the Altyn Tagh fault is a large-scale extrusion boundary is critical for understanding the role of lateral extrusion in accommodating the Indo-Asian convergence and in building the Tibetan Plateau. Oligocene conglomerate clasts in the eastern Xorkol basin are low-grade slate, phyllite, sandstone, dacite and...
Sensitivity analysis of conservative and reactive stream transient storage models applied to field data from multiple-reach experiments
M.N. Gooseff, K.E. Bencala, D.T. Scott, R.L. Runkel, Diane M. McKnight
2005, Advances in Water Resources (28) 479-492
The transient storage model (TSM) has been widely used in studies of stream solute transport and fate, with an increasing emphasis on reactive solute transport. In this study we perform sensitivity analyses of a conservative TSM and two different reactive solute transport models...
Assessing ecological integrity of Ozark rivers to determine suitability for protective status
A.J. Radwell, T.J. Kwak
2005, Environmental Management (35) 799-810
Preservation of extraordinary natural resources, protection of water quality, and restoration of impaired waters require a strategy to identify and protect least-disturbed streams and rivers. We applied two objective, quantitative methods to determine stream ecological integrity of headwater reaches of 10 Ozark rivers, 5 with Wild and Scenic River federal...
Toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine to larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
S. Mukhi, X. Pan, G.P. Cobb, R. Patino
2005, Chemosphere (61) 178-185
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, a cyclonitramine commonly known as RDX, is used in the production of military munitions. Contamination of soil, sediment, and ground and surface waters with RDX has been reported in different places around the world. Acute and subacute toxicities of RDX have been relatively well documented in terrestrial vertebrates, but...
Relation of organic contaminant equilibrium sorption and kinetic uptake in plants
H. Li, G. Sheng, C. T. Chiou, O. Xu
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 4864-4870
Plant uptake is one of the environmental processes that influence contaminant fate. Understanding the magnitude and rate of plant uptake is critical to assessing potential crop contamination and the development of phytoremediation technologies. We determined (1) the partition-dominated equilibrium sorption of lindane (LDN) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by roots and shoots...
Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds
Mark W. Sandstrom, D.W. Kolpin, E.M. Thurman, S.D. Zaugg
2005, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (24) 1029-1034
One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 μg/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites...
Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index
M.P. Ward, B.H. Ramsay, K. Gallo
2005, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (5) 181-188
Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the...
Time-dependent earthquake probabilities
J. Gomberg, M.E. Belardinelli, M. Cocco, P. Reasenberg
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-12
We have attempted to provide a careful examination of a class of approaches for estimating the conditional probability of failure of a single large earthquake, particularly approaches that account for static stress perturbations to tectonic loading as in the approaches of Stein et al. (1997) and Hardebeck (2004). We have...
Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska
J. Fierstein, C. J. N. Wilson
2005, Geological Society of America Bulletin (117) 1094-1107
The 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) ignimbrite was constructed from 9 compositionally distinct, sequentially emplaced packages, each with distinct proportions of rhyolite (R), dacite (D), and andesite (A) pumices that permit us to map package boundaries and flow paths from vent to distal extents. Changing pumice proportions and...
Response of seismicity to Coulomb stress triggers and shadows of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake
K.-F. Ma, C.-H. Chan, R.S. Stein
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-16
The correlation between static Coulomb stress increases and aftershocks has thus far provided the strongest evidence that stress changes promote seismicity, a correlation that the Chi-Chi earthquake well exhibits. Several studies have deepened the argument by resolving stress changes on aftershock focal mechanisms, which removes the assumption that the aftershocks...
