An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils
A. S. Yen, Ralf Gellert, C. Schroder, R.V. Morris, J.F. Bell III, A.T. Knudson, B. C. Clark, D. W. Ming, J.A. Crisp, R. E. Arvidson, D. Blaney, J. Bruckner, P. R. Christensen, D.J. DesMarais, P.A. De Souza Jr., T.E. Economou, A. Ghosh, B.C. Hahn, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, L.A. Haskin, J.A. Hurowitz, B.L. Joliff, J. R. Johnson, G. Klingelhofer, M.B. Madsen, S. M. McLennan, H.Y. McSween, L. Richter, R. Rieder, D. Rodionov, Laurence A. Soderblom, S. W. Squyres, N.J. Tosca, A. Wang, M. Wyatt, J. Zipfel
2005, Nature (436) 49-54
The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the martian soil are indicators of chemical and physical weathering processes. Using data from the Mars Exploration Rovers, we show that bright dust deposits on opposite sides of the planet are part of a global unit and not dominated by the composition of local...
Environmental stresses and skeletal deformities in fish from the Willamette River, Oregon
Daniel L. Villeneuve, Lawrence R. Curtis, Jeffrey J. Jenkins, Kara E. Warner, Fred Tilton, Michael L. Kent, Virginia G. Watral, Michael E. Cunningham, Douglas F. Markle, Doolalai Sethajintanin, Oraphin Krissanakriangkrai, Eugene R. Johnson, Robert Grove
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 3495-3506
The Willamette River, one of 14 American Heritage Rivers, flows through the most densely populated and agriculturally productive region of Oregon. Previous biological monitoring of the Willamette River detected elevated frequencies of skeletal deformities in fish from certain areas of the lower (Newberg pool [NP], rivermile [RM] 26−55) and middle...
Porphyry copper deposit density
Donald A. Singer, Vladimir Berger, W. David Menzie, Byron R. Berger
2005, Economic Geology (100) 491-514
Estimating numbers of undiscovered mineral deposits has been a source of unease among economic geologists yet is a fundamental task in considering future supplies of resources. Estimates can be based on frequencies of deposits per unit of permissive area in control areas around the world in the same way that...
The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco bay area
S. Hecker, D. Pantosti, David P. Schwartz, J. C. Hamilton, L.M. Reidy, T. J. Powers
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 844-860
The Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) is a principal component of the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco. No evidence appears in the historical record of a large earthquake on the RCF, implying that the most recent earthquake (MRE) occurred before 1824, when a Franciscan mission was built near...
Aniakchak sockeye salmon investigations
Troy R. Hamon, Scott A. Pavey, Joe L. Miller, Jennifer L. Nielsen
2005, Alaska Park Science (3) 35-39
Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve provides unusual and dramatic landscapes shaped by numerous volcanic eruptions, a massive flood, enormous landslides, and ongoing geological change. The focal point of the monument is Aniakchak Caldera, a restless volcano that embodies the instability of the Alaska Peninsula. This geological instability creates a dynamic...
A method adapting microarray technology for signature tagged mutagenesis of Dusulfovibrio dusulfuricans G20 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in anaerobic sediment survival experiments
Jennifer L. Groh, Qingwei Luo, Jimmy D. Ballard, Lee R. Krumholz
2005, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (71) 7064-7074
Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) is a powerful technique that can be used to identify genes expressed by bacteria during exposure to conditions in their natural environments. To date, there have been no reports of studies in which this approach was used to study organisms of environmental, rather than pathogenic, significance. We...
Look what the cat dragged in: do parasites contribute to human cultural diversity?
Kevin D. Lafferty
2005, Behavioural Processes (68) 279-282
If human culture emerges from the modal personality of a population, can global variation in parasitism that affects personality lead to cultural diversity among nations? The answer could help explain why people seem to vary so much from one land to another. Thomas et al. (2005) review how parasites manipulate behaviour,...
Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska
Wendy R. Eisner, James G. Bockheim, Kenneth M. Hinkel, Thomas A. Brown, Frederick E. Nelson, Kim M. Peterson, Benjamin M. Jones
2005, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (217) 187-204
The dominant landscape process on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. Lakes and drained thaw-lake basins account for approximately 75% of the modern surface expression of the Barrow Peninsula. The thaw-lake cycle usually obliterates lacustrine or peat sediments from previous cycles,...
Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion, Part II: Kinematic and dynamic modeling using theoretical Green's functions and comparison with the 1994 northridge earthquake
S. Hartzell, Mariagiovanna Guatteri, P.M. Mai, P.-C. Liu, M. R. Fisk
2005, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (95) 614-645
In the evolution of methods for calculating synthetic time histories of ground motion for postulated earthquakes, kinematic source models have dominated to date because of their ease of application. Dynamic models, however, which incorporate a physical relationship between important faulting parameters of stress drop, slip, rupture velocity, and rise time,...
Insider censoring: Distortion of data with nondetects
D.R. Helsel
2005, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (11) 1127-1137
Environmental data often include low-level concentrations below reporting limits. These data may be reported as "<RL," where RL is one of several types of reporting limits. Some values also may be reported as a single number, but flagged with a qualifier (J-values) to indicate a difference in precision as compared...
Toxic Alexandrium blooms in the western Gulf of Maine: The plume advection hypothesis revisited
D.M. Anderson, B.A. Keafer, W.R. Geyer, R. P. Signell, T.C. Loder
2005, Limnology and Oceanography (50) 328-345
The plume advection hypothesis links blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in the western Gulf of Maine (GOM) to a buoyant plume derived from river outflows. This hypothesis was examined with cruise and moored-instrument observations in 1993 when levels of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins were high, and in...
Effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in contrasting environmental settings: Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah
T. F. Cuffney, H. Zappia, E.M.P. Giddings, J.F. Coles
2005, American Fisheries Society Symposium (2005) 361-407
Responses of invertebrate assemblages along gradients of urban intensity were examined in three metropolitan areas with contrasting climates and topography (Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; Salt Lake City, Utah). Urban gradients were defined using an urban intensity index (UII) derived from basin-scale population, infrastructure, land-use, land-cover, and socioeconomic characteristics. Responses based...
Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin
R.H. Coupe, H.L. Welch, A.B. Pell, E.M. Thurman
2005, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (85) 1127-1140
During 1996-1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine,...
Assessing uncertainty in ecological systems using global sensitivity analyses: A case example of simulated wolf reintroduction effects on elk
J. Fieberg, Kurt J. Jenkins
2005, Ecological Modelling (187) 259-280
Often landmark conservation decisions are made despite an incomplete knowledge of system behavior and inexact predictions of how complex ecosystems will respond to management actions. For example, predicting the feasibility and likely effects of restoring top-level carnivores such as the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to North American wilderness areas is...
Landscape characteristics influence pond occupancy by frogs after accounting for detectability
M. J. Mazerolle, A. Desrochers, L. Rochefort
2005, Ecological Applications (15) 824-834
Many investigators have hypothesized that landscape attributes such as the amount and proximity of habitat are important for amphibian spatial patterns. This has produced a number of studies focusing on the effects of landscape characteristics on amphibian patterns of occurrence in patches or ponds, most of which conclude that the...
Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska
Christian E. Zimmerman, Nicola Hillgruber, Sean E. Burril, Michelle A. St. Peters, Jennifer D. Wetzel
2005, The Wilson Bulletin (117) 12-14
We report an observation of Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) encountered 8 to 17 km from the nearest shoreline on Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska, on 30 August 2003. The ptarmigan were observed flying, landing on our research vessel, and landing and taking off from the water surface. We also report on one...
Carbon sequestration potential estimates with changes in land use and tillage practice in Ohio, USA
Z. Tan, R. Lal
2005, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (111) 140-152
Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the important strategies to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. This study was conducted to estimate C sequestration potential of the top 20 cm depth of soil for two scenarios in Ohio, USA: (1) with reforestation of both current...
Membership in voluntary organizations on the Colorado Plateau: A reexamination of the technical information quandary
K. Cline, B. L. Lamb
2005, Environmental Practice (7) 143-154
Many scholars note the increasing desire of the public to be involved in the policy process. Others observe, however, that public participation in governance is declining. One possible explanation for this is that people do not know the technical and scientific language that is frequently used in these decision processes....
Wagon loads of sand blows in White County, Illinois
Susan E. Hough, Roger Bilham, Karl Mueller, William Stephenson, Robert Williams, Jack Odum
2005, Seismological Research Letters (76) 373-386
Several anecdotal accounts provide compelling evidence that liquefaction occurred at several sites in Illinois during the 1811-1812 New Madrid sequence, as much as 250 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). At one Wabash Valley location, sand blows are still evident near Big Prairie, Illinois, a location described...
Toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine to larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
S. Mukhi, X. Pan, G.P. Cobb, R. Patino
2005, Chemosphere (61) 178-185
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, a cyclonitramine commonly known as RDX, is used in the production of military munitions. Contamination of soil, sediment, and ground and surface waters with RDX has been reported in different places around the world. Acute and subacute toxicities of RDX have been relatively well documented in terrestrial vertebrates, but...
Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays
N. Woodman, J.J.P. Morgan
2005, Journal of Morphology (266) 60-73
Variation in the forefoot skeleton of small-eared shrews (family Soricidae, genus Cryptotis) has been previously documented, but the paucity of available skeletons for most taxa makes assessment of the degrees of intraspecific and interspecific variation difficult. We used a digital X-ray system to extract images of the forefoot skeleton from...
Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota
C. W. Boal, D. E. Andersen, P.L. Kennedy
2005, Journal of Raptor Research (39) 222-228
Compared to other regions of North America, little information exists regarding Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and population dynamics in the western Great Lakes Region. We examined productivity and nesting habitat characteristics of goshawks in Minnesota from 1998-2001. Apparent nesting success varied annually from as low as 38% to as...
Validation of abundance estimates from mark–recapture and removal techniques for rainbow trout captured by electrofishing in small streams
Amanda E. Rosenberger, Jason B. Dunham
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1395-1410
Estimation of fish abundance in streams using the removal model or the Lincoln - Peterson mark - recapture model is a common practice in fisheries. These models produce misleading results if their assumptions are violated. We evaluated the assumptions of these two models via electrofishing of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss...
Crack azimuths on Europa: The G1 lineament sequence revisited
A.R. Sarid, R. Greenberg, G.V. Hoppa, D.M. Brown Jr., P. Geissler
2005, Icarus (173) 469-479
The tectonic sequence in the anti-jovian area covered by regional mapping images from Galileo's orbit E15 is determined from a study of cross-cutting relationships among lineament features. The sequence is used to test earlier results from orbit G1, based on lower resolution images, which appeared to display a progressive change...
Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Rio Grande and its U.S. tributaries: Spatial and temporal trends
C. J. Schmitt, J.E. Hinck, V. S. Blazer, N. D. Denslow, G.M. Dethloff, T.M. Bartish, J.J. Coyle, D. E. Tillitt
2005, Science of the Total Environment (350) 161-193
We collected, examined, and analyzed 368 fish of seven species from 10 sites on rivers of the Rio Grande Basin (RGB) during late 1997 and early 1998 to document temporal and geographic trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located...
