River nutrient loads and catchment size
S. V. Smith, D.P. Swaney, R. W. Buddemeier, M.R. Scarsbrook, M.A. Weatherhead, Christoph Humborg, H. Eriksson, F. Hannerz
2005, Biogeochemistry (75) 83-107
We have used a total of 496 sample sites to calibrate a simple regression model for calculating dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes via runoff to the ocean. The regression uses the logarithms of runoff and human population as the independent variables and estimates the logarithms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus...
Significance of stress transfer in time-dependent earthquake probability calculations
T. Parsons
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-20
A sudden change in stress is seen to modify earthquake rates, but should it also revise earthquake probability? Data used to derive input parameters permits an array of forecasts; so how large a static stress change is require to cause a statistically significant earthquake probability change? To answer that question,...
Suburban wildlife: Lessons, challenges, and opportunities
S. DeStefano, R.D. Deblinger, C. Miller
2005, Urban Ecosystems (8) 131-137
The United States, as well as most developed and many developing nations worldwide, is becoming increasingly urban and suburban.Although urban, suburban, and commercial development account for less than one percent to just over 20% of land use among states, 50-90% of the residents of those states can be classified as...
Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index
M.P. Ward, B.H. Ramsay, K. Gallo
2005, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (5) 181-188
Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the...
Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A.
Roseann V. Densmore
2005, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (37) 297-303
Alnus viridis seedlings were planted on placer mine spoil in an Alaskan subalpine watershed to bypass a seedling establishment bottleneck for A. viridis, and to evaluate the interaction between A. viridis and the dominant riparian woody plants, Salix alaxensis and Populus balsamifera. The study area was divided into 11 replicate...
Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance
Christopher P. Konrad, Derek B. Booth, Stephen J. Burges
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics...
Seasonal to interannual morphodynamics along a high-energy dissipative littoral cell
P. Ruggiero, G. M. Kaminsky, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Voigt
2005, Journal of Coastal Research (21) 553-578
A beach morphology monitoring program was initiated during summer 1997 along the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC) on the coasts of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington, USA. This field program documents the seasonal through interannual morphological variability of these high-energy dissipative beaches over a variety of spatial scales. Following the...
Atmospheric dry deposition in the vicinity of the Salton Sea, California - II: Measurement and effects of an enhanced evaporation system
R. Alonso, A. Bytnerowicz, J.L. Yee, W.I. Boarman
2005, Atmospheric Environment (39) 4681-4689
A study was conducted to determine the effects of salt spray drift from pilot technologies employed by the US Bureau of Reclamation on deposition rates of various air-born ions. An enhanced evaporation system (EES) was tested in the field at the Salton Sea, California. Dry deposition of NO3-, NH4+, SO42-,...
Membership in voluntary organizations on the Colorado Plateau: A reexamination of the technical information quandary
K. Cline, B. L. Lamb
2005, Environmental Practice (7) 143-154
Many scholars note the increasing desire of the public to be involved in the policy process. Others observe, however, that public participation in governance is declining. One possible explanation for this is that people do not know the technical and scientific language that is frequently used in these decision processes....
Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland
K.R. Burow, J. Constantz, R. Fujii
2005, Ground Water (43) 545-556
Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two‐dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code...
Structure and stress state of Hawaiian island basalts penetrated by the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project deep core hole
R. H. Morin, R.H. Wilkens
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-8
As part of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP), an exploratory hole was drilled in 1993 to a depth of 1056 meters below sea level (mbsl) and a deeper hole was drilled to 3098 mbsl in 1999. A set of geophysical well logs was obtained in the deeper hole that...
Late Pennsylvanian and early permian chondrichthyan microremains from San Salvador Patlanoaya (Puebla, Mexico)
C. Derycke-Khatir, D. Vachard, J.-M. Degardin, A. Flores de Dios, B. Buitron, M. Hansen
2005, Geobios (38) 43-55
The San Salvador Patlanoaya section (Puebla State, Mexico) is known for its richness of many fossil groups. Among them, the calcareous shells have been principally investigated. This paper deals with Missourian-Virgilian (Late Pennsylvanian) and Leonardian (late Early Permian) Mexican fish remains. A discussion about Helicoprion and related genera, is followed...
Factors affecting the occurrence of saugers in small, high-elevation rivers near the western edge of the species' natural distribution
C.J. Amadio, W.A. Hubert, Kevin Johnson, D. Oberlie, D. Dufek
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 160-171
Factors affecting the occurrence of saugers Sander canadensis were studied throughout the Wind River basin, a high-elevation watershed (> 1,440 m above mean sea level) on the western periphery of the species' natural distribution in central Wyoming. Adult saugers appeared to have a contiguous distribution over 170 km of streams...
Inorganic, isotopic, and organic composition of high-chloride water from wells in a coastal southern California aquifer
John A. Izbicki, Allen H. Christensen, Mark W. Newhouse, George R. Aiken
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1496-1517
Chloride concentrations were as high as 230 mg/L in water from the surface discharge of long-screened production wells in Pleasant Valley, Calif., about 100 km NW of Los Angeles. Wells with the higher Cl− concentrations were near faults that bound the valley. Depending on well construction, high-Cl−water from different sources may enter a...
Comparative susceptibility of introduced forest-dwelling mosquitoes in Hawai'i to avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum
D.A. Lapointe, M.L. Goff, C. T. Atkinson
2005, Journal of Parasitology (91) 843-849
To identify potential vectors of avian malaria in Hawaiian native forests, the innate susceptibility of Aedes albopictus, Wyeomyia mitchellii, and Culex quinquefasciatus from 3 geographical sites along an altitudinal gradient was evaluated using local isolates of Plasmodium relictum. Mosquitoes were dissected 5-8 and 9-13 days postinfective blood meal and microscopically...
The crane flies (Diptera: Tipuloidea) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Matthew J. Petersen, Charles R. Parker, Ernest Bernard
2005, Zootaxa (1013) 1-18
The list of crane flies (Diptera: Ptychopteridae, Tipuloidea, Trichoceridae) known from Great Smoky Mountains National Park is updated. Sampling in association with the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Great Smoky Mountains National Park resulted in the addition of 107 new Park records, bringing the current list to 250 species. This...
The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors
J.C. Roach, G. Glusman, L. Rowen, A. Kaur, M. K. Purcell, K.D. Smith, L.E. Hood, A. Aderem
2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (102) 9577-9582
The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong selective pressure for recognition of and response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns has maintained a largely unchanging TLR recognition in all vertebrates. There are six major families of vertebrate...
Variation in fire regimes of the rocky mountains: Implications for avian communities and fire management
V.A. Saab, Hugo D. W. Powell, N.B. Kotliar, K.R. Newlon
2005, Conference Paper, Studies in Avian Biology
Information about avian responses to fire in the U.S. Rocky Mountains is based solely on studies of crown fires. However, fire management in this region is based primarily on studies of low-elevation ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests maintained largely by frequent understory fires. In contrast to both of these trends,...
Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas
David N. Phalen, Mark L. Drew, C. Contreras, K. Roset, Miguel A. Mora
2005, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (41) 401-415
Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism is described in the nestlings of two colonies of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas (Bryan and San Antonio, Texas, USA). Nestlings from a third colony (Waco, Texas, USA) were collected in a subsequent year for comparison. Birds from the first two colonies consistently...
Climate anomalies generate an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in San Francisco Bay
J. E. Cloern, T.S. Schraga, C.B. Lopez, N. Knowles, Labiosa R. Grover, R. Dugdale
2005, Geophysical Research Letters (32) 1-5
We describe a large dinoflagellate bloom, unprecedented in nearly three decades of observation, that developed in San Francisco Bay (SFB) during September 2004. SFB is highly enriched in nutrients but has low summer‐autumn algal biomass because wind stress and tidally induced bottom stress produce a well mixed and light‐limited pelagic...
Seasonal marine growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to competition with Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscho) and the 1977 ocean regime shift
Gregory T. Ruggerone, Ed Farley, Jennifer L. Nielsen, Peter Hagen
2005, Fishery Bulletin (103) 355-370
Recent research demonstrated significantly lower growth and survival of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during odd-numbered years of their second or third years at sea (1975, 1977, etc.), a trend that was opposite that of Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) abundance. Here we evaluated seasonal growth trends of Kvichak...
Effect of measurement error on tests of density dependence of catchability for walleyes in northern Wisconsin angling and spearing fisheries
M.J. Hansen, T.D. Beard Jr., S.W. Hewett
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 1010-1015
We sought to determine how much measurement errors affected tests of density dependence of spearing and angling catchability for walleye Sander vitreus by quantifying relationships between spearing and angling catch rates (catch/h) and walleye population density (number/acre) in northern Wisconsin lakes. The mean measurement error of spearing catch rates was...
Rediscovery and uncertain future of high-elevation Haleakala carabid beetles (Coleoptera)
Paul D. Krushelnycky, Rosemary G. Gillespie, Lloyd L. Loope, James K. Liebherr
2005, Pacific Science (59) 399-410
Recent biotic surveys in subalpine shrubland on Haleakalā Volcano, Maui, Hawai'i, have resulted in rediscovery of several species of carabid beetles previously known only from their nineteenth-century type specimens. Blackburnia lenta (Sharp), described from specimens collected just below Haleakalā summit in 1894, was found at lower elevational sites ranging from...
Estimating contaminant loads in rivers: An application of adjusted maximum likelihood to type 1 censored data
Timothy A. Cohn
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
This paper presents an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator (AMLE) that can be used to estimate fluvial transport of contaminants, like phosphorus, that are subject to censoring because of analytical detection limits. The AMLE is a generalization of the widely accepted minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), and Monte Carlo experiments confirm...
Streamflow properties from time series of surface velocity and stage
W.J. Plant, W.C. Keller, K. Hayes, K. Spicer
2005, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (131) 657-664
Time series of surface velocity and stage have been collected simultaneously. Surface velocity was measured using an array of newly developed continuous-wave microwave sensors. Stage was obtained from the standard U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measurements. The depth of the river was measured several times during our experiments using sounding weights....
