Tar yields from low-temperature carbonization of coal facies from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA
Ronald W. Stanton, Peter D. Warwick, Sharon M. Swanson
2005, International Journal of Coal Geology (63) 13-26
Tar yields from low-temperature carbonization correlate with the amount of crypto-eugelinite in samples selected to represent petrographically distinct coal facies of the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone. Tar yields from Fischer Assay range from <1 to 11 wt.% on a dry basis and correspond (r = 0.72) to crypto-eugelinite contents of the coal that...
Sources of nitrate in snowmelt discharge: Evidence from water chemistry and stable isotopes of nitrate
K.B. Piatek, M.J. Mitchell, S. R. Silva, C. Kendall
2005, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (165) 13-35
To determine whether NO3− concentration pulses in surface water in early spring snowmelt discharge are due to atmospheric NO3−, we analyzed stream δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3− values between February and June of 2001 and 2002 and compared them to those of throughfall, bulk precipitation, snow, and groundwater. Stream total Al, DOC and Si...
Slicing up the San Francisco Bay Area: Block kinematics and fault slip rates from GPS-derived surface velocities
M. A. d'Alessio, I.A. Johanson, R. Burgmann, D.A. Schmidt, M.H. Murray
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-19
Observations of surface deformation allow us to determine the kinematics of faults in the San Francisco Bay Area. We present the Bay Area velocity unification (BA??VU??, "bay view"), a compilation of over 200 horizontal surface velocities computed from campaign-style and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from 1993 to 2003....
Rapid differentiation of refined fuels using negative electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry
C.E. Rostad, F. D. Hostettler
2005, Conference Paper, American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Preprints
An application of electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry for identification of various commercially refined fuels using the unique signature of polar components, was investigated. The samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry using negative electrospray on an Agilent Series 1100 liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer. These analysis were applied to hydrocarbon samples from a large,...
Telemedicine diffusion in a developing country: The case of India (March 2004)
A. Pal, V.W.A. Mbarika, F. Cobb-Payton, P. Datta, S. McCoy
2005, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine (9) 59-65
Telemedicine (health-care delivery where physicians examine distant patients using telecommunications technologies) has been heralded as one of several possible solutions to some of the medical dilemmas that face many developing countries. In this study, we examine the current state of telemedicine in a developing country, India. Telemedicine has brought a...
Reconstruction of historical atmospheric deposition of DDT in the Zempoala Lagoon, in the center of Mexico
Afferden M. van, A.M. Hansen, C. C. Fuller
2005, Ingeniería Hidráulica en México (20) 71-83
Historical trend in deposition of DDT and its metabolites has been reconstructed by analyzing sediment cores of the Zempoala Lagoon, in the center of Mexico. The small watershed of this mountain lagoon is closed, and it is located between 2.800 and 3.700 masl. It ls neither affected by agriculture nor...
Examining Neosho madtom reproductive biology using ultrasound and artificial photothermal cycles
J.L. Bryan, M. L. Wildhaber, Douglas B. Noltie
2005, North American Journal of Aquaculture (67) 221-230
We examined whether extended laboratory simulation of natural photothermal conditions could stimulate reproduction in the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a federally threatened species. For 3 years, a captive population of Neosho madtoms was maintained under simulated natural conditions and monitored routinely with ultrasound for reproductive condition. Female Neosho madtoms cycled...
The fundamental thermal niche of adult landlocked striped bass
P.W. Bettoli
2005, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (134) 305-314
Researchers have described the temperatures selected by landlocked striped bass Morone saxatilis in different locales throughout the USA. However, seasonally low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in many systems prevented striped bass from using the cool waters (<22??C) they may have preferred. In Melton Hill Reservoir, a 92-km-long impoundment on...
Long-term behavior of water content and density in an earthen liner
T.E. Frank, I.G. Krapac, T.D. Stark, G.D. Strack
2005, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (131) 800-803
An extensively instrumented compacted earthen liner was constructed at the Illinois State Geological Survey facility in Champaign, III. in 1987. A pond of water 0.31 m deep was maintained on top of the 7.3 m ?? 14.6 m ?? 0.9 m thick liner for 14 years. One of the goals...
Hydrologic regime controls soil phosphorus fluxes in restoration and undisturbed wetlands
A. Aldous, P. McCormick, C. Ferguson, S. Graham, C. Craft
2005, Restoration Ecology (13) 341-347
Many wetland restoration projects occur on former agricultural soils that have a history of disturbance and fertilization, making them prone to phosphorus (P) release upon flooding. To study the relationship between P release and hydrologic regime, we collected soil cores from three restoration wetlands and three undisturbed wetlands around Upper...
Evaluation of trapping-web designs
P.M. Lukacs, David R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham
2005, Wildlife Research (32) 103-110
The trapping web is a method for estimating the density and abundance of animal populations. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to explore performance of the trapping web for estimating animal density under a variety of web designs and animal behaviours. The trapping performs well when animals have home...
Characterizing flow regimes for floodplain forest conservation: An assessment of factors affecting sapling growth and survivorship on three cold desert rivers
D.C. Andersen
2005, Canadian Journal of Forest Research (35) 2886-2899
I analyzed annual height growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) saplings on three floodplains in Colorado and Utah to assess responses to interannual variation in flow regime and summer precipitation. Mammal exclosures, supplemented with an insecticide treatment at one site, were used to assess flow regime...
Testing the generality of a trophic-cascade model for plague
S.K. Collinge, W.C. Johnson, C. Ray, R. Matchett, J. Grensten, J.F. Cully Jr., K.L. Gage, M.Y. Kosoy, J.E. Loye, A.P. Martin
2005, EcoHealth (2) 102-112
Climate may affect the dynamics of infectious diseases by shifting pathogen, vector, or host species abundance, population dynamics, or community interactions. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are highly susceptible to plague, yet little is known about factors that influence the dynamics of plague epizootics in prairie dogs. We investigated temporal...
Estimation of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes using diurnal water table fluctuations: A saturated‐unsaturated flow assessment
Steven P. Loheide II, James J. Butler Jr., Steven M. Gorelick
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Groundwater consumption by phreatophytes is a difficult‐to‐measure but important component of the water budget in many arid and semiarid environments. Over the past 70 years the consumptive use of groundwater by phreatophytes has been estimated using a method that analyzes diurnal trends in hydrographs from wells that are screened across...
Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou
Layne G. Adams
2005, Journal of Mammalogy (86) 506-513
Understanding factors that influence birth mass of mammals provides insights to nutritional trade-offs made by females to optimize their reproduction, growth, and survival. I evaluated variation in birth mass of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in central Alaska relative to maternal characteristics (age, body mass, cohort, and nutritional condition as influenced by...
Discovery sequence and the nature of low permeability gas accumulations
E. D. Attanasi
2005, Natural Resources Research (14) 129-135
There is an ongoing discussion regarding the geologic nature of accumulations that host gas in low-permeability sandstone environments. This note examines the discovery sequence of the accumulations in low permeability sandstone plays that were classified as continuous-type by the U.S. Geological Survey for the 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment....
Vertical cross contamination of trichloroethylene in a borehole in fractured sandstone
S.N. Sterling, B.L. Parker, J. A. Cherry, J.H. Williams, J.W. Lane Jr., F.P. Haeni
2005, Ground Water (43) 557-573
Boreholes drilled through contaminated zones in fractured rock create the potential for vertical movement of contaminated ground water between fractures. The usual assumption is that purging eliminates cross contamination; however, the results of a field study conducted in a trichloroethylene (TCE) plume in fractured sandstone with...
Real-time forecasts of tomorrow's earthquakes in California
M.C. Gerstenberger, S. Wiemer, L.M. Jones, P.A. Reasenberg
2005, Nature (435) 328-331
Despite a lack of reliable deterministic earthquake precursors, seismologists have significant predictive information about earthquake activity from an increasingly accurate understanding of the clustering properties of earthquakes. In the past 15 years, time-dependent earthquake probabilities based on a generic short-term clustering model have been made publicly available in near-real time...
Near-infrared (0.8-4.0 m) spectroscopy of mimas, enceladus, tethys, and rhea
J.P. Emery, D.M. Burr, D. P. Cruikshank, R. H. Brown, J.B. Dalton
2005, Astronomy and Astrophysics (435) 353-362
Spectral measurements from the ground in the time leading up to the Cassini mission at Saturn provide important context for the interpretation of the forthcoming spacecraft data. Whereas ground-based observations cannot begin to approach the spatial scales Cassini will achieve, they do possess the benefits of better spectral resolution, a...
Transient rheology of the upper mantle beneath central Alaska inferred from the crustal velocity field following the 2002 Denali earthquake
F. F. Pollitz
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-16
The M7.9 2002 Denali earthquake, Alaska, is one of the largest strike-slip earthquakes ever recorded. The postseismic GPS velocity field around the 300-km-long rupture is characterized by very rapid horizontal velocity up to ???300 mm/yr for the first 0.1 years and slower but still elevated horizontal velocity up to ???100...
Nutritional condition of elk in rocky mountain national park
Louis C. Bender, J.G. Cook
2005, Western North American Naturalist (65) 329-334
We tested the hypothesis that elk in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were at ecological carrying capacity by determining herd-specific levels of nutritional condition and fecundity. Ingesta-free body fat levels in adult cows that were lactating were 10.6% (s = 1.7; range = 6.2-15.4) and 7.7% (s = 0.5; range...
Drainage ditches facilitate frog movements in a hostile landscape
M. J. Mazerolle
2005, Landscape Ecology (20) 579-590
Ditches are common in landscapes influenced by agricultural, forestry, and peat mining activities, and their value as corridors remains unassessed. Pond-breeding amphibians can encounter hostile environments when moving between breeding, summering, or hibernation sites, and are likely to benefit from the presence of ditches in the landscape. Within a system...
Sources, bioavailability, and photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta
R. Stepanauskas, M.A. Moran, B.A. Bergamaschi, J.T. Hollibaugh
2005, Biogeochemistry (74) 131-149
We analyzed bioavailability, photoreactivity, fluorescence, and isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected at 13 stations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta during various seasons to estimate the persistence of DOC from diverse shallow water habitat sources. Prospective large-scale wetland restorations in the Delta may change the amount of...
Role of reservoir engineering in the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska
M.K. Verma, K. J. Bird
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1091-1111
The geology and reservoir-engineering data were integrated in the 2002 U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA). VVhereas geology defined the analog pools and fields and provided the basic information on sizes and numbers of hypothesized petroleum accumulations, reservoir engineering helped develop necessary equations and...
The Shoemaker legacy to the Australian impact record
C.S. Shoemaker, F.A. Macdonald
2005, Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (52) 477-479
No abstract available....
