Recovery of imperiled species under the Endangered Species Act: The need for a new approach
J. Michael Scott, D. D. Goble, John A. Wiens, D. S. Wilcove, M. Bean, Timothy D. Male
2005, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (3) 383-389
The recovery (delisting) of a threatened or endangered species is often accompanied by the expectation that conservation management of the species will no longer be necessary. However, the magnitude and pace of human impacts on the environment make it unlikely that substantial progress will be made in delisting many species...
Spatiotemporal evolution of a transient slip event on the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California
J.R. Murray, P. Segall
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-12
In 1993 several baselines of the two-color electronic distance meter (EDM) network at Parkfield, California, deviated from their long-term rates, coincident with anomalous observations from nearby strain meters and a creep meter, as well as an increase in microseismicity. Between October 1992 and December 1994, three M ??? 4.5 earthquakes...
Estimating changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water and factors controlling their importance in the surface energy budget
W. Barclay Shoemaker, David M. Sumner, Adrian Castillo
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water can be a considerable component of the surface energy budget, an attribute that is demonstrated by comparing changes in stored heat energy to net radiation at seven sites in the wetland areas of southern Florida, including the Everglades....
Aquifer sensitivity to pesticide leaching: Testing a soils and hydrogeologic index method
E. Mehnert, D.A. Keefer, W.S. Dey, H.A. Wehrmann, S.D. Wilson, C. Ray
2005, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (25) 60-67
For years, researchers have sought index and other methods to predict aquifer sensitivity and vulnerability to nonpoint pesticide contamination. In 1995, an index method and map were developed to define aquifer sensitivity to pesticide leaching based on a combination of soil and hydrogeologic factors. The soil factor incorporated three soil...
A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time
X. Chen, Lee Vierling, D. Deering
2005, Remote Sensing of Environment (98) 63-79
Satellite data offer unrivaled utility in monitoring and quantifying large scale land cover change over time. Radiometric consistency among collocated multi-temporal imagery is difficult to maintain, however, due to variations in sensor characteristics, atmospheric conditions, solar angle, and sensor view angle that can obscure surface change detection. To detect accurate...
Factors influencing the biogeochemistry of sedimentary carbon and phosphorus in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
E. B. Nilsen, M. L. Delaney
2005, Estuaries (28) 653-663
This study characterizes organic carbon (Corganic) and phosphorus (P) geochemistry in surface sediments of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California. Sediment cores were collected from five sites on a sample transect from the edge of the San Francisco Bay eastward to the freshwater Consumnes River. The top 8 cm of each...
δ30Si systematics in a granitic saprolite, Puerto Rico
Karen Ziegler, Oliver A. Chadwick, Arthur F. White, Mark A. Brzezinski
2005, Geology (33) 817-820
Granite weathering and clay mineral formation impart distinct and interpretable stable Si isotope (δ30Si) signatures to their solid and aqueous products. Within a saprolite, clay minerals have δ30Si values ∼2.0‰ more negative than their parent mineral and the δ30Si signature of the bulk solid is determined by the ratio of...
Lack of significant changes in the herpetofauna of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, since the 1920s
B. R. Hossack, P.S. Corn, D. S. Pilliod
2005, American Midland Naturalist (154) 423-432
We surveyed 88 upland wetlands and 12 1-km river sections for amphibians in Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, during 2001–2002 to gather baseline data for future monitoring efforts and to evaluate changes in the distribution of species. We compared our results to collections of herpetofauna made during 1920–1922, 1954...
Flow regime alterations under changing climate in two river basins: Implications for freshwater ecosystems
C.A. Gibson, J.L. Meyer, N.L. Poff, L.E. Hay, A. Georgakakos
2005, River Research and Applications (21) 849-864
We examined impacts of future climate scenarios on flow regimes and how predicted changes might affect river ecosystems. We examined two case studies: Cle Elum River, Washington, and Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River Basin, Georgia and Florida. These rivers had available downscaled global circulation model (GCM) data and allowed us to analyse the...
Averaged indicators of secondary flow in repeated acoustic Doppler current profiler crossings of bends
R.L. Dinehart, J.R. Burau
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
Cross‐stream velocity was measured in a large river bend at high spatial resolution over three separate survey episodes. A suite of methods for resolving cross‐stream velocity distributions was tested on data collected using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) in the sand‐bedded Sacramento River, California. The bend was surveyed with repeated...
Effects of spinning-wing decoys on flock behavior and hunting vulnerability of mallards in Minnesota
M.L. Szymanski, A. D. Afton
2005, Wildlife Society Bulletin (33) 993-1001
Waterfowl managers in Minnesota and other states are concerned that increased kill rates associated with the use of spinning-wing decoys (SWDs) may negatively affect local breeding populations of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Accordingly, we conducted 219 experimental hunts to evaluate hunting vulnerability of mallards to SWDs during the 2002 duck season...
Egret-Hibernia(!), a significant petroleum system, northern Grand Banks area, offshore eastern Canada
L. B. Magoon, T. L. Hudson, K. E. Peters
2005, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (89) 1203-1237
Egret-Hibernia(!) is a well-explored petroleum system (3.25 billion barrels oil equivalent [BOE]) located in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin on the Labrador - Newfoundland shelf. Rifting and sediment fill began in the Late Triassic. Egret source rock was deposited in the Late Jurassic at about 153 Ma. After this time, alternating...
Geochemistry of speleothem records from southern Illinois: Development of (234U)/(238U) as a proxy for paleoprecipitation
Juanzuo Zhou, C.C. Lundstrom, B. Fouke, S. Panno, K. Hackley, B. Curry
2005, Chemical Geology (221) 1-20
Natural waters universally show fractionation of uranium series (U-series) parent-daughter pairs, with the disequilibrium between 234U and 238U (234U)/(238U) commonly used as a tracer of groundwater flow. Because speleothems provide a temporal record of geochemical variations in groundwater precipitating calcite, (234U)/(238U) variations in speleothems provide a unique method of investigating...
Impacts of new highways and subsequent landscape urbanization on stream habitat and biota
A.P. Wheeler, P. L. Angermeier, A.E. Rosenberger
2005, Reviews in Fisheries Science (13) 141-164
New highways are pervasive, pernicious threats to stream ecosystems because of their short- and long-term physical, chemical, and biological impacts. Unfortunately, standard environmental impact statements (EISs) and environmental assessments (EAs) focus narrowly on the initial direct impacts of construction and ignore other long-term indirect impacts. More thorough consideration of highway...
Diagenesis and late-stage porosity development in the Pennsylvanian Strawn Formation, Val Verde basin, Texas, U.S.A
K. David Newell, R.H. Goldstein, C. J. Burdick
2005, AAPG Memoir (48) 333-350
The Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Strawn Formation in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas was deposited during relative tectonic quiescence that prevailed before rapid infilling of the Val Verde Basin. It represents one of a series of backstepping carbonate ramps formed on the craton side of this foreland basin. Strawn Formation carbonate...
UHF RiverSonde observations of water surface velocity at Threemile Slough, California
C.C. Teague, D.E. Barrick, P.M. Lilleboe, R. T. Cheng, C.A. Ruhl
2005, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
A UHF RiverSonde system, operating near 350 MHz, has been in operation at Threemile Slough in central California, USA since September 2004. The water in the slough is dominated by tidal effects, with flow reversals four times a day and a peak velocity of about 0.8 m/s in each direction....
Productivity and mortality of Northern Goshawks in Minnesota
C. W. Boal, D. E. Andersen, P.L. Kennedy
2005, Journal of Raptor Research (39) 222-228
Compared to other regions of North America, little information exists regarding Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) ecology and population dynamics in the western Great Lakes Region. We examined productivity and nesting habitat characteristics of goshawks in Minnesota from 1998-2001. Apparent nesting success varied annually from as low as 38% to as...
Increased salinization of fresh water in the Northeastern United States
S.S. Kaushal, P.M. Groffman, G.E. Likens, K.T. Belt, W.P. Stack, V.R. Kelly, L.E. Band, G. T. Fisher
2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (102) 13517-13520
Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region. We observed chloride...
Endemic arsenosis caused by indoor combustion of high-As coal in Guizhou Province, P.R. China
Z. Baoshan, W. Binbin, D. Zhenhua, Z. Daixing, Z. Yunshu, Z. Chen, C. Chaochang, R. B. Finkelman
2005, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (27) 521-528
The arsenic (As) content of coal relating with mineralization of gold in Southwest Guizhou Province, China is up to 35,000 ppm. The coal is burned indoors in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying. As a result, arsenic is precipitated and concentrated in corn (5-20 ppm), chili (100-800 ppm)...
Carbon sequestration potential estimates with changes in land use and tillage practice in Ohio, USA
Z. Tan, R. Lal
2005, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (111) 140-152
Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the important strategies to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. This study was conducted to estimate C sequestration potential of the top 20 cm depth of soil for two scenarios in Ohio, USA: (1) with reforestation of both current...
Seismic signature of a phreatic explosion: Hydrofracturing damage at Karthala volcano, Grande Comore Island, Indian Ocean
C. Savin, J.-R. Grasso, P. Bachelery
2005, Bulletin of Volcanology (67) 717-731
Karthala volcano is a basaltic shield volcano with an active hydrothermal system that forms the southern two-thirds of the Grande Comore Island, off the east coat of Africa, northwest of Madagascar. Since the start of volcano monitoring by the local volcano observatory in 1988, the July 11th, 1991 phreatic eruption...
Iterative use of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen mixing model to determine water saturations in sand
R.H. Johnson, E. P. Poeter
2005, Geophysics (70)
The accuracy of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing model has been previously demonstrated for two-material mixtures during BHS model development. Using permittivities determined from modeling ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, the BHS model has been iteratively applied to three-material mixtures of water, sand, and a dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL). However, the accuracy...
Hydratools, a MATLAB® based data processing package for Sontek Hydra data
M. Martini, F. L. Lightsom, C. R. Sherwood, J. Xu, J.R. Lacy, A. Ramsey, R. Horwitz
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a set of MATLAB tools to process and convert data collected by Sontek Hydra instruments to netCDF, which is a format used by the USGS to process and archive oceanographic time-series data. The USGS makes high-resolution current measurements within 1.5 meters of the...
Anatahan, Northern Mariana Islands: Reconnaissance geological observations during and after the volcanic crisis of spring 1990, and monitoring prior to the May 2003 eruption
S.K. Rowland, J. P. Lockwood, F. A. Trusdell, R. B. Moore, M. K. Sako, R. Y. Koyanagi, G. Kojima
2005, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (146) 26-59
Anatahan island is 9.5 km east–west by 3.5 km north–south and truncated by an elongate caldera 5 km east–west by 2.5 km north–south. A steep-walled pit crater ∼1 km across and ∼200 m deep occupies the eastern part of the caldera. The island is the summit region of a mostly...
Undersea landslides: Extent and significance in the Pacific Ocean, an update
H.J. Lee
2005, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (5) 877-892
Submarine landslides are known to occur disproportionately in a limited number of environments including fjords, deltas, canyons, volcanic islands and the open continental slope. An evaluation of the progress that has been made in understanding Pacific Ocean submarine landslides over the last 15 years shows that mapping technologies have improved...
