Spatial-temporal population dynamics across species range: From centre to margin
Q. Guo, M. Taper, M. Schoenberger, J. Brandle
2005, Oikos (108) 47-57
Understanding the boundaries of species' ranges and the variations in population dynamics from the centre to margin of a species' range is critical. This study simulated spatial-temporal patterns of birth and death rates and migration across a species' range in different seasons. Our results demonstrated the importance of dispersal and...
Aroclor 1254 exposure reduces disease resistance and innate immune responses in fasted arctic charr
A.G. Maule, E.H. Jorgensen, M.M. Vijayan, J.-E.A. Killie
2005, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (24) 117-124
To examine the immunological impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an environmentally relevant way, we orally contaminated Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) with Aroclor 1254. After contamination, fish were either fed (0 and 100 mg Aroclor 1254 kg-1 fish wt) or fasted (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg-1) to mimic...
TREMOR: A wireless MEMS accelerograph for dense arrays
J.R. Evans, R.H. Hamstra Jr., C. Kundig, P. Camina, J. A. Rogers
2005, Earthquake Spectra (21) 91-124
The ability of a strong-motion network to resolve wavefields can be described on three axes: frequency, amplitude, and space. While the need for spatial resolution is apparent, for practical reasons that axis is often neglected. TREMOR is a MEMS-based accelerograph using wireless Internet to minimize lifecycle cost. TREMOR instruments can...
Consequences of harvesting for genetic diversity in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.): A simulation study
J. M. Cruse-Sanders, J.L. Hamrick, J.A. Ahumada
2005, Biodiversity and Conservation (14) 493-504
American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is one of the most heavily traded medicinal plants in North America. The effect of harvest on genetic diversity in ginseng was measured with a single generation culling simulation program. Culling scenarios included random harvest at varying levels, legal limit random harvest and legal limit...
New data for Late Pleistocene Pinedale alpine glaciation from southwestern Colorado
L. Benson, R. Madole, G. Landis, J. Gosse
2005, Quaternary Science Reviews (24) 49-65
New cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of moraine-crest boulders from southwestern Colorado are compared with published surface-exposure ages of boulders from moraine complexes in north-central Colorado and in west-central (Fremont Lake basin) Wyoming. 10Be data sets from the three areas were scaled to a single 10Be production rate of 5.4 at/g/yr at...
Shelf-edge deltas and drowned barrier-island complexes on the northwest Florida outer continental shelf
J.V. Gardner, P. Dartnell, L. A. Mayer, Clarke J.E. Hughes, B.R. Calder, G. Duffy
2005, Geomorphology (64) 133-166
A high-resolution multibeam survey of the northwest Florida shelf mapped six relict shelf-edge deltas, each with a drowned barrier-island system developed on its south and southwestern rims. The deltas appear to have formed during periods of sea-level stasis that occurred between 58,000 and 28,000 years ago. The barrier islands formed...
Drought effects on water quality in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado
Lori A. Sprague
2005, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (41) 11-24
Twenty-three stream sites representing a range of forested, agricultural, and urban land uses were sampled in the South Platte River Basin of Colorado from July through September 2002 to characterize water quality during drought conditions. With a few exceptions, dissolved ammonia, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved orthophosphate concentrations were...
Rupture dynamics with energy loss outside the slip zone
D.J. Andrews
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-14
Energy loss in a fault damage zone, outside the slip zone, contributes to the fracture energy that determines rupture velocity of an earthquake. A nonelastic two-dimensional dynamic calculation is done in which the slip zone is modeled as a fault plane and material off the fault is subject to a...
Evolution of melt-vapor surface tension in silicic volcanic systems: Experiments with hydrous melts
M. Mangan, T. Sisson
2005, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (110) 1-9
We evaluate the melt‐vapor surface tension (σ) of natural, water‐saturated dacite melt at 200 MPa, 950–1055°C, and 4.8–5.7 wt % H2O. We experimentally determine the critical supersaturation pressure for bubble nucleation as a function of dissolved water and then solve for σ at those conditions using classical nucleation theory....
Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model
John Crusius, D. Koopmans, John F. Bratton, M.A. Charette, K.D. Kroeger, P. Henderson, L. Ryckman, K. Halloran, John A. Colman
2005, Biogeosciences Discussions (2) 141-157
Submarine groundwater discharge was quantified by a variety of methods for a 4-day period during the early summer of 2004, in Salt Pond, adjacent to Nauset Marsh, on Cape Cod, USA. Discharge estimates based on radon and salinity took advantage of the presence of the narrow channel connecting Salt Pond...
Differences in dissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: Mechanistic explanations
D.B. Buchwalter, S. N. Luoma
2005, Environmental Science & Technology (39) 498-504
This study examined the extent to which dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates vary in several aquatic insect taxa commonly used as indicators of ecological health. We further attempted to explain the mechanisms underlying observed differences. By comparing dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates in several aquatic insect species, we...
Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences
D.M. Boore, J.J. Bommer
2005, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (25) 93-115
Recordings from strong-motion accelerographs are of fundamental importance in earthquake engineering, forming the basis for all characterizations of ground shaking employed for seismic design. The recordings, particularly those from analog instruments, invariably contain noise that can mask and distort the ground-motion signal at both high and low frequencies. For any...
Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part II. chronic toxicity of copper and pentachlorophenol to two endangered species and two surrogate species
J.M. Besser, N. Wang, F.J. Dwyer, F.L. Mayer Jr., C.G. Ingersoll
2005, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (48) 155-165
Early life-stage toxicity tests with copper and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted with two species listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola, and the threatened spotfin chub, Cyprinella monacha) and two commonly tested species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results...
Surficial geology of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound as shown by sidescan-sonar imagery
K.Y. McMullen, L.J. Poppe, M. L. DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. S. Moser, E. B. Christman
2005, Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences (27) 60-70
We used sidescan-sonar imagery detailing almost 300 km2 of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound in conjunction with bathymetry, sediment samples, bottom video, and seismic data to interpret the area's surficial geology. The distribution of sediments and sedimentary environments interpreted from these data sets represents the Quaternary geology,...
Planning exploration under cover
Donald A. Singer
2005, Conference Paper, Proceedings of 20th World Mining Congress and Expo2005
No abstract available....
Habitat-specific foraging of prothonotary warblers: Deducing habitat quality
James E. Lyons
2005, Condor (107) 41-49
Foraging behavior often reflects food availability in predictable ways. For example, in habitats where food availability is high, predators should attack prey more often and move more slowly than in habitats where food availability is low. To assess relative food availability and habitat quality, I studied the foraging behavior of...
Evaluation of a prototype surface flow bypass for juvenile salmon and steelhead at the powerhouse of Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington, 1996-2000
G. E. Johnson, S.M. Anglea, N.S. Adams, T.O. Wik
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 138-151
A surface flow bypass takes advantage of the natural surface orientation of most juvenile salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss by providing a route in the upper water column that downstream migrant fishes can use to pass a hydroelectric dam safely. A prototype structure, called the surface bypass and...
Recent water temperature trends in the lower Klamath River, California
J.M. Bartholow
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 152-162
Elevated water temperatures have been implicated as a factor limiting the recovery of anadromous salmonids in the Klamath River basin. This article reviews evidence of a multi-decade trend of increasing temperatures in the lower main-stem Klamath River above the ocean and, based on model simulations, finds a high probability that...
Leaf litter breakdown, microbial respiration and shredder production in metal-polluted streams
D.M. Carlisle, W.H. Clements
2005, Freshwater Biology (50) 380-390
1. If species disproportionately influence ecosystem functioning and also differ in their sensitivities to environmental conditions, the selective removal of species by anthropogenic stressors may lead to strong effects on ecosystem processes. We evaluated whether these circumstances held for several Colorado, U.S.A. streams stressed by Zn. 2. Benthic invertebrates and...
Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA)
D. Mallinson, S. Riggs, E.R. Thieler, S. Culver, K. Farrell, D.S. Foster, D.R. Corbett, B. Horton, J.F. Wehmiller
2005, Marine Geology (217) 97-117
Seismic surveys in the eastern Albemarle Sound, adjacent tributaries and the inner continental shelf define the regional geologic framework and provide insight into the sedimentary evolution of the northern North Carolina coastal system. Litho- and chronostratigraphic data are derived from eight drill sites on the Outer Banks barrier islands, and...
Invertebrate eggs can fly: Evidence of waterfowl-mediated gene flow in aquatic invertebrates
J. Figuerola, A.J. Green, T.C. Michot
2005, American Naturalist (165) 274-280
Waterfowl often have been assumed to disperse freshwater aquatic organisms between isolated wetlands, but no one has analyzed the impact of this transport on the population structure of aquatic organisms. For three cladocerans (Daphnia ambigua, Daphnia laevis, and Sida crystallina) and one bryozoan (Cristatella mucedo), we estimated the genetic distances...
Oceanographic conditions structure forage fishes into lipid-rich and lipid-poor communities in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA
Alisa A. Abookire, John F. Piatt
2005, Marine Ecology Progress Series (287) 229-240
Forage fishes were sampled with a mid-water trawl in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from late July to early August 1996 to 1999. We sampled 3 oceanographically distinct areas of lower Cook Inlet: waters adjacent to Chisik Island, in Kachemak Bay, and near the Barren Islands. In 163 tows using...
An approach toward a combined scheme for the petrographic classification of fly ash: Revision and clarification
J.C. Hower, I. Suarez-Ruiz, Maria Mastalerz
2005, Energy and Fuels (19) 653-655
Hower and Mastalerz's classification scheme for fly ash is modified to make more widely acceptable. First, proper consideration is given to the potential role of anthracite in the development of isotropic and anisotropic chars. Second, the role of low-reflectance inertinite in producing vesicular chars is noted. It is shown that...
The impact of introduced round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) on phosphorus cycling in central Lake Erie
D.B. Bunnell, T.B. Johnson, C.T. Knight
2005, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (62) 15-29
We used an individual-based bioenergetic model to simulate the phosphorus flux of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) population in central Lake Erie during 1995-2002. Estimates of round goby diet composition, growth rates, and population abundance were derived from field sampling. As an abundant introduced fish, we predicted that round gobies...
A new sampler design for measuring sedimentation in streams
Lara B. Hedrick, S.A. Welsh, J.D. Hedrick
2005, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (25) 238-244
Sedimentation alters aquatic habitats and negatively affects fish and invertebrate communities but is difficult to quantify. To monitor bed load sedimentation, we designed a sampler with a 10.16-cm polyvinyl chloride coupling and removable sediment trap. We conducted a trial study of our samplers in riffle and pool habitats upstream and...
