Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake
M. Cisternas, B.F. Atwater, F. Torrejon, Y. Sawai, G. Machuca, M. Lagos, A. Eipert, C. Youlton, I. Salgado, T. Kamataki, M. Shishikura, C.P. Rajendran, J.K. Malik, Y. Rizal, M. Husni
2005, Nature (437) 404-407
It is commonly thought that the longer the time since last earthquake, the larger the next earthquake's slip will be. But this logical predictor of earthquake size, unsuccessful for large earthquakes on a strike-slip fault, fails also with the giant 1960 Chile earthquake of magnitude 9.5 (ref. 3). Although the...
Detrital zircon provenance evidence for large-scale extrusion along the Altyn Tagh fault
Y. Yue, S.A. Graham, B.D. Ritts, J. L. Wooden
2005, Tectonophysics (406) 165-178
The question of whether or not the Altyn Tagh fault is a large-scale extrusion boundary is critical for understanding the role of lateral extrusion in accommodating the Indo-Asian convergence and in building the Tibetan Plateau. Oligocene conglomerate clasts in the eastern Xorkol basin are low-grade slate, phyllite, sandstone, dacite and...
Summary of dimensionless Texas hyetographs and distribution of storm depth developed for Texas Department of Transportation research project 0–4194
William H. Asquith, Meghan C. Roussel, David B. Thompson, Theodore G. Cleveland, Xing Fang
2005, Report
Hyetographs and storm depth distributions are important elements of hydraulic design by Texas Department of Transportation engineers. Design hyetographs are used in conjunction with unit hydrographs to obtain peak discharge and hydrograph shape for hydraulic design. Storm-depth distributions can be used to assess the probability of a total rainfall depth...
Tamarisk tensions
Patrick B. Shafroth
2005, BioScience (55) 821-821
In the August 2005 feature article, “Tiff over Tamarisk: Can a Nuisance Be Nice, Too?” the author raises several issues about which there is currently scientific debate, and presents some of the differing perspectives. A phenomenon surrounding discussions of tamarisk in the West is revealed and reinforced in the article—the...
Endemic arsenosis caused by indoor combustion of high-As coal in Guizhou Province, P.R. China
Z. Baoshan, W. Binbin, D. Zhenhua, Z. Daixing, Z. Yunshu, Z. Chen, C. Chaochang, R. B. Finkelman
2005, Environmental Geochemistry and Health (27) 521-528
The arsenic (As) content of coal relating with mineralization of gold in Southwest Guizhou Province, China is up to 35,000 ppm. The coal is burned indoors in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying. As a result, arsenic is precipitated and concentrated in corn (5-20 ppm), chili (100-800 ppm)...
Stable isotope ratios in swale sequences of Lake Superior as indicators of climate and lake level fluctuations during the Late Holocene
Shruti Sharma, G. Mora, J.W. Johnston, T.A. Thompson
2005, Quaternary Science Reviews (24) 1941-1951
Beach ridges along the coastline of Lake Superior provide a long-term and detailed record of lake level fluctuations for the past 4000 cal BP. Although climate change has been invoked to explain these fluctuations, its role is still in debate. Here, we reconstruct water balance by employing peat samples collected...
The effects of earthquake measurement concepts and magnitude anchoring on individuals' perceptions of earthquake risk
R. Celsi, M. Wolfinbarger, D. Wald
2005, Earthquake Spectra (21) 987-1008
The purpose of this research is to explore earthquake risk perceptions in California. Specifically, we examine the risk beliefs, feelings, and experiences of lay, professional, and expert individuals to explore how risk is perceived and how risk perceptions are formed relative to earthquakes. Our results indicate that individuals tend to...
The evolution of fledging age in songbirds
D.A. Roff, V. Remes, T. E. Martin
2005, Journal of Evolutionary Biology (18) 1425-1433
In birds with altricial young an important stage in the life history is the age at fledging. In this paper we use an approach proven successful in the prediction of the optimal age at maturity in fish and reptiles to predict the optimal age of fledging in passerines. Integrating the...
Individual variation in staging and timing of spring migration of Pacific common eiders in Alaska
Margaret R. Petersen
2005, Conference Paper, Second North America Sea Duck Conference
Timing of migration and characterization of migration patterns of birds are usually based on dates of peak migration to and from staging, wintering, and breeding areas used by the bulk of a species. For Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum), as well as other species, the timing of migration into...
Comparison of methods used to estimate conventional undiscovered petroleum resources: World examples
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, T. R. Klett
2005, Conference Paper, Natural Resources Research
Various methods for assessing undiscovered oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquid resources were compared in support of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000. Discovery process, linear fractal, parabolic fractal, engineering estimates, PETRIMES, Delphi, and the USGS 2000 methods were compared. Three comparisons of these methods were made in: (1)...
Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water
Robert Anders, C.V. Chrysikopoulos
2005, Water Resources Research (41)
A field‐scale experiment was conducted at a research site using bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) MS2 and PRD1 as surrogates for human viruses, bromide as a conservative tracer, and tertiary‐treated municipal wastewater (recycled water) to investigate the fate and transport of viruses during artificial recharge. Observed virus concentrations were fitted using a...
Undersea landslides: Extent and significance in the Pacific Ocean, an update
H.J. Lee
2005, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (5) 877-892
Submarine landslides are known to occur disproportionately in a limited number of environments including fjords, deltas, canyons, volcanic islands and the open continental slope. An evaluation of the progress that has been made in understanding Pacific Ocean submarine landslides over the last 15 years shows that mapping technologies have improved...
Screening and evaluation of polymers as flocculation aids for the treatment of aquacultural effluents
J.M. Ebeling, K.L. Rishel, P.L. Sibrell
2005, Aquacultural Engineering (33) 235-249
As environmental regulations become more stringent, environmentally sound waste management and disposal are becoming increasingly more important in all aquaculture operations. One of the primary water quality parameters of concern is the suspended solids concentration in the discharged effluent. For example, EPA initially considered the establishment of numerical limitations for...
Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate
J. Beringer, F. S. Chapin III, Catharine Copass Thompson, A. D. McGuire
2005, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (131) 143-161
Surface energy exchanges were measured in a sequence of five sites representing the major vegetation types in the transition from arctic tundra to forest. This is the major transition in vegetation structure in northern high latitudes. We examined the influence of vegetation structure on the rates of sensible heating and...
U-Pb dating of large zircons in low-temperature jadeitite from the Osayama serpentinite melange, southwest Japan: Insights into the timing of serpentinization
T. Tsujimori, J. G. Liou, J. Wooden, T. Miyamoto
2005, International Geology Review (47) 1048-1057
Crystals of zircon up to 3 mm in length occur in jadeitite veins in the Osayama serpentinite mélange, Southwest Japan. The zircon porphyroblasts show pronounced zoning, and are characterized by both low Th/U ratios (0.2-0.8) and low Th and U abundances (Th = 1-81 ppm; U = 6-149 ppm). They...
Net alkalinity and net acidity 2: Practical considerations
C.S. Kirby, C.A. Cravotta III
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1941-1964
The pH, alkalinity, and acidity of mine drainage and associated waters can be misinterpreted because of the chemical instability of samples and possible misunderstandings of standard analytical method results. Synthetic and field samples of mine drainage having various initial pH values and concentrations of dissolved metals and alkalinity were titrated...
Net alkalinity and net acidity 1: Theoretical considerations
C.S. Kirby, C.A. Cravotta III
2005, Applied Geochemistry (20) 1920-1940
Net acidity and net alkalinity are widely used, poorly defined, and commonly misunderstood parameters for the characterization of mine drainage. The authors explain theoretical expressions of 3 types of alkalinity (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidity (mineral, CO2, and total). Except for rarely-invoked negative alkalinity, theoretically defined total alkalinity is...
Petroscirtes pylei, a new saber-toothed blenny from the Fiji Islands (Teleostei: Blenniidae)
William F. Smith-Vaniz
2005, Zootaxa (1046) 29-36
Petroscirtes pylei is described from three specimens, 20.3–40.9 mm SL, obtained from a deepwater reef off Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. It is distinguished from all other congeners by its color pattern, including the presence of two dark body stripes, the lower one broadly extending onto the anal fin, and the dorsal...
Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short-duration convective rainfall
J. A. Smith, A.J. Miller, M.L. Baeck, P.A. Nelson, G. T. Fisher, K.L. Meierdiercks
2005, Journal of Hydrometeorology (6) 599-617
The 9.1 km2 Moores Run watershed in Baltimore, Maryland, experiences floods with unit discharge peaks exceeding 1 m3 s-1 km-2 12 times yr-1, on average. Few, if any, drainage basins in the continental United States have a higher frequency. A thunderstorm system on 13 June 2003 produced the record flood...
Assessing the competitive ability of Japanese stilt grass, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus
S. A. Leicht, J. A. Silander Jr., K. Greenwood
2005, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society (132) 573-580
Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stilt grass) is an invasive grass in the eastern half of the United States which can form dense monocultures in forest understories, displacing native species. Although the loss of native species has been observed in the field, the actual competitive ability of this grass has not been...
Spatiotemporal patterns of fish assemblage structure in a river impounded by low-head dams
David P. Gillette, Jeremy S. Tiemann, David R. Edds, Mark L. Wildhaber
2005, Copeia (3) 539-549
We studied spatiotemporal patterns of fish assemblage structure in the Neosho River, Kansas, a system impounded by low-head dams. Spatial variation in the fish assemblage was related to the location of dams that created alternating lotic and lentic stream reaches with differing fish assemblages. At upstream sites close to dams,...
Quantitative assessment of benthic food resources for juvenile Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in the Suwannee River estuary, Florida, USA
R. A. Brooks, K. J. Sulak
2005, Estuaries (28) 767-775
Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, forage extensively in the Suwannee River estuary following emigration out of the Suwannee River, Florida. While in the estuary, juvenile Gulf sturgeon primarily feed on benthic infauna. In June–July 2002 and February–April 2003, random sites within the estuary were sampled for benthic macrofauna (2002 n...
Exploring individual quality: Basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in storm-petrels
A.L. Blackmer, R.A. Mauck, Joshua T. Ackerman, C.E. Huntington, G.A. Nevitt, J. B. Williams
2005, Behavioral Ecology (16) 906-913
Despite evidence that some individuals achieve both superior reproductive performance and high survivorship, the factors underlying variation in individual quality are not well understood. The compensation and increased-intake hypotheses predict that basal metabolic rate (BMR) influences reproductive performance; if so, variation in BMR may be related to differences in individual...
Automated mapping of hammond's landforms
Alisa L. Gallant, D.D. Brown, R.M. Hoffer
2005, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2) 384-388
We automated a method for mapping Hammond's landforms over large landscapes using digital elevation data. We compared our results against Hammond's published landform maps, derived using manual interpretation procedures. We found general agreement in landform patterns mapped by the manual and the automated approaches, and very close agreement in characterization...
Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona in beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts
C.N. Jordan, T. Kaur, K. Koenen, S. DeStefano, A.M. Zajac, D. S. Lindsay
2005, Journal of Parasitology (91) 1228-1229
The present study examined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystls neurona in a population of beavers (Castor canadensis) from Massachusetts. Sixty-two blood samples were collected during the field seasons over 3 consecutive years from different animals. Blood was collected onto filter paper and shipped to the Department of Biomedical...
