The relationship between species detection probability and local extinction probability
R. Alpizar-Jara, J.D. Nichols, J.E. Hines, J.R. Sauer, K. H. Pollock, C.S. Rosenberry
2004, Oecologia (141) 652-660
In community-level ecological studies, generally not all species present in sampled areas are detected. Many authors have proposed the use of estimation methods that allow detection probabilities that are < 1 and that are heterogeneous among species. These methods can also be used to estimate community-dynamic parameters such...
Phylogenetic relationships of the endangered Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) and other salamanders of the Plethodon cinereus group (Caudata: Plethodontidae)
J.W. Sites, M. Morando, R. Highton, F. Huber, R.E. Jung
2004, Journal of Herpetology (38) 96-105
The Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah), known from isolated talus slopes on three of the highest mountains in Shenandoah National Park, is listed as state-endangered in Virginia and federally endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. A 1999 paper by G. R. Thurow described P. shenandoah-like salamanders from three localities further...
On the estimation of dispersal and movement of birds
W. L. Kendall, J.D. Nichols
2004, Condor (106) 720-731
The estimation of dispersal and movement is important to evolutionary and population ecologists, as well as to wildlife managers. We review statistical methodology available to estimate movement probabilities. We begin with cases where individual birds can be marked and their movements estimated with the use of multisite capture-recapture...
Estimating survival and breeding probability for pond-breeding amphibians: a modified robust design
L.L. Bailey, W. L. Kendall, D.R. Church, H.M. Wilbur
2004, Ecology (85) 2456-2466
Many studies of pond-breeding amphibians involve sampling individuals during migration to and from breeding habitats. Interpreting population processes and dynamics from these studies is difficult because (1) only a proportion of the population is observable each season, while an unknown proportion remains unobservable (e.g., non-breeding adults) and (2) not all...
Dynamic use of wetlands by black ducks and mallards: Evidence against competitive exclusion
D.G. McAuley, D.A. Clugston, J. R. Longcore
2004, Wildlife Society Bulletin (32) 465-473
The decline of the American black duck (Anas rubripes) has been attributed to competition from mallards (A. platyrhynchos) that led to exclusive use of fertile wetlands by mallards. Data from annual breeding waterfowl surveys provide instantaneous, single observations of breeding pairs, which are used to estimate breeding population size and...
Estimating population trends with a linear model: Technical comments
John R. Sauer, William A. Link, J. Andrew Royle
2004, Condor (106) 435-440
Controversy has sometimes arisen over whether there is a need to accommodate the limitations of survey design in estimating population change from the count data collected in bird surveys. Analyses of surveys such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) can be quite complex; it is natural to...
Mammalian sensitivity to elemental gold (Au?)
R. Eisler
2004, Biological Trace Element Research (100) 1-18
There is increasing documentation of allergic contact dermatitis and other effects from gold jewelry, gold dental restorations, and gold implants. These effects were especially pronounced among females wearing body-piercing gold objects. One estimate of the prevalence of gold allergy worldwide is 13%, as judged by patch tests with monovalent...
Abundance estimation and conservation biology
J.D. Nichols, D.I. MacKenzie
2004, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation (27) 437-439
Abundance is the state variable of interest in most population–level ecological research and in most programs involving management and conservation of animal populations. Abundance is the single parameter of interest in capture–recapture models for closed populations (e.g., Darroch, 1958; Otis et al., 1978; Chao, 2001). The initial capture–recapture models developed...
Effectiveness of a confinement strategy for reducing campsite impacts in Shenandoah National Park
S. E. Reid, J. L. Marion
2004, Environmental Conservation (31) 274-282
The expansion and proliferation of backcountry campsites is a persistent problem in many parks and protected areas. Shenandoah National Park (SNP) has one of the highest backcountry overnight use densities in the USA national parks system. SNP managers implemented a multi-option backcountry camping policy in 2000 that included...
Demographic analysis of dormancy and survival in the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae
Marc Kery, Katharine B. Gregg
2004, Journal of Ecology (92) 686-695
1. We use capture-recapture models to estimate the fraction of dormant ramets, survival and state transition rates, and to identify factors affecting these rates, for the terrestrial orchid Cypripedium reginae. We studied two populations in West Virginia, USA, for 11 years and investigated relationships between grazing and demography. Abe Run's...
Reduced fecundity in small populations of the rare plant Gentianopsis ciliate (Gentianaceae)
M. Kery, D. Matthies
2004, Plant Biology (6) 683-688
Habitat destruction is the main cause for the biodiversity crisis. Surviving populations are often fragmented, i.e., small and isolated from each other. Reproduction of plants in small populations is often reduced, and this has been attributed to inbreeding depression, reduced attractiveness for pollinators, and reduced habitat quality in small populations....
Population dynamics of the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis): a meta-analysis
A.B. Franklin, R. J. Gutierrez, J.D. Nichols, M.E. Seamans, Gary C. White, G.S. Zimmerman, J.E. Hines, T.E. Munton, W.S. LaHaye, J.A. Blakesley, G.N. Steger, B.R. Noon, D.W.H. Shaw, J.J. Keane, T. L. McDonald, S. Britting
2004, Ornithological Monographs No. 54.
We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a current assessment of the population characteristics of California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) resident on four study areas in the Sierra Nevada and one study area in southern California. Our meta-analysis followed rigorous a priori analysis protocols, which we derived through extensive...
Quality of water in the Trinity and Edwards aquifers, south-central Texas, 1996-98
Lynne Fahlquist, Ann F. Ardis
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5201
During 1996–98, the U.S. Geological Survey studied surface- and ground-water quality in south-central Texas. The ground-water components included the upper and middle zones (undifferentiated) of the Trinity aquifer in the Hill Country and the unconfined part (recharge zone) and confined part (artesian zone) of the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones...
Hydrogeology of Webb County, Texas
Rebecca B. Lambert
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5022
IntroductionWebb County, in semiarid South Texas on the U.S.-Mexico border, is a region confronted by increasing stresses on natural resources. Laredo (fig. 1), the largest city in Webb County (population 193,000 in 2000), was one of the 10 fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the country during 1990-2000 (Perry and Mackun, 2001)....
A preliminary assessment of geologic framework and sediment thickness studies relevant to prospective US submission on extended continental shelf
Deborah R. Hutchinson, Jonathan R. Childs, Erika Hammar-Klose, Shawn Dadisman, N. Terrence Edgar, Ginger A. Barth
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1447
Under the provisions of Articles 76 and 77 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), coastal States have sovereign rights over the continental shelf territory beyond 200-nautical mile (nm) from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured if certain conditions are met regarding...
Is the extraction of thorium onto MnO2-coated filter cartridges uniform?
Peter W. Swarzenski, M. Baskaran
2004, Open-File Report 2004-1421
Large-volume (i.e., 102 - 103 L) seawater samples are traditionally required to study the partitioning of particle-reactive radionuclides between solution and size-fractionated particulate matter. One of the most frequently used methods to preconcentrate the short-lived isotopes of Th (234Th and 228Th) from such large volumes of water involves the effective...
Hydrology and cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in Little Bean Marsh: A remnant riparian wetland along the Missouri River in Platte County, Missouri, 1996–97
Dale W. Blevins
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5171
The lack of concurrent water-quality and hydrologic data on riparian wetlands in the Midwestern United States has resulted in a lack of knowledge about the water-quality functions that these wetlands provide. Therefore, Little Bean Marsh, a remnant riparian wetland along the Missouri River, was investigated in 1996 and 1997 primarily...
Hydrogeology Journal in 2004
Clifford Voss, Perry Olcott, Robert Schneider, Christine Watson
2004, Hydrogeology Journal (12) 611-612
Hydrogeology Journal continues to flourish. The increase in the size of our yearly volume attests to the success and growing international reputation of the journal. Until 2001, HJ produced about 600 printed pages each year. This number has steadily increased, and in 2005 and 2006,<i class="EmphasisTypeItalic...
Are diseases increasing in the ocean?
Kevin D. Lafferty, James W. Porter, Susan E. Ford
2004, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics (35) 31-54
Many factors (climate warming, pollution, harvesting, introduced species) can contribute to disease outbreaks in marine life. Concomitant increases in each of these makes it difficult to attribute recent changes in disease occurrence or severity to any one factor. For example, the increase in disease of Caribbean coral is postulated to...
Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen transport to a coastal embayment
John A. Colman, John P. Masterson, Wendy J. Pabich, Donald A. Walter
2004, Groundwater (42) 1069-1078
Effects of aquifer travel time on nitrogen reaction and loading to Popponesset Bay, a eutrophic coastal embayment on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, are evaluated through hydrologic analysis of flow and transport. Approximately 10% of the total nitrogen load to the embayment is intercepted by fresh water ponds and delivered to...
VTM plots as evidence of historical change: Goldmine or landmine?
Jon E. Keeley
2004, Madroño (51) 372-378
VTM (Vegetation Type Map) plots comprise a huge data set on vegetation composition for many parts of California collected mostly between 1929 and 1935. Historical changes in vegetation have been inferred by sampling these areas many decades later and evaluating the changes in plant dominance. VTM plots can not be...
Transtensional deformation in the Lake Tahoe region, California and Nevada, USA
Richard A. Schweickert, M.M. Lahren, K.D. Smith, J. F. Howle, G. Ichinose
2004, Tectonophysics (392) 303-323
Dextral transtensional deformation is occurring along the Sierra Nevada–Great Basin boundary zone (SNGBBZ) at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada microplate. In the Lake Tahoe region of the SNGBBZ, transtension is partitioned spatially and temporally into domains of north–south striking normal faults and transitional domains with conjugate strike-slip faults....
Stress orientations at intermediate angles to the San Andreas Fault, California
Jeanne L. Hardebeck, Andrew J. Michael
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109)
There are currently two competing models for the frictional strength of the San Andreas Fault in California: the strong-fault model and the weak-fault model. The strong-fault model predicts the maximum horizontal compressive stress axis to be at low angles to the fault, while the relatively weak fault model predicts it...
Regional water table (2004) and water-level changes in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California
Christina L. Stamos, Julia A. Huff, Steven K. Predmore, Dennis A. Clark
2004, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5187
The Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins are in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert in southern California. Ground water from these basins supplies a major part of the water requirements for the region. The continuous population growth in this area has resulted in ever-increasing demands on local ground-water...
One-dimensional wave bottom boundary layer model comparison: Specific eddy viscosity and turbulence closure models
Jack A. Puleo, O. Mouraenko, Daniel M. Hanes
2004, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering (130) 322-325
Six one-dimensional-vertical wave bottom boundary layer models are analyzed based on different methods for estimating the turbulent eddy viscosity: Laminar, linear, parabolic, k—one equation turbulence closure, k−ε—two equation turbulence closure, and k−ω—two equation turbulence closure. Resultant velocity profiles, bed shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy are compared to laboratory data...
