The effectiveness of a barrier wall and underpasses in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida
C.K. Dodd Jr., W.J. Barichivich, L. L. Smith
2004, Biological Conservation (118) 619-631
Because of high numbers of animals killed on Paynes Prairie State Preserve, Alachua County, Florida, the Florida Department of Transportation constructed a barrier wall-culvert system to reduce wildlife mortality yet allow for passage of some animals across the highway. During a one year study following construction, we counted only 158...
Status and reproduction of Gulf coast strain walleye in a Tombigbee River tributary
H.L. Schramm Jr., J. Hart, L. A. Hanson
2004, Southeastern Naturalist (3) 745-757
Walleye (Sander vitreus [Mitchill]) are native to rivers and streams in the Mobile River basin in Mississippi and Alabama. These populations comprise a genetically unique strain (Gulf coast walleye, GCW) and represent the southernmost distribution of walleye in the United States. Luxapallila Creek was considered an important spawning site for...
The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
J. L. Anderson, V. Balaji, A.J. Broccoli, W.F. Cooke, T.L. Delworth, K.W. Dixon, L.J. Donner, K.A. Dunne, S.M. Freidenreich, S.T. Garner, R.G. Gudgel, C.T. Gordon, I.M. Held, R.S. Hemler, L.W. Horowitz, S.A. Klein, T.R. Knutson, P.J. Kushner, A.R. Langenhost, N.-C. Lau, Z. Liang, S.L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, M.J. Nath, J.J. Ploshay, V. Ramaswamy, M.D. Schwarzkopf, E. Shevliakova, J.J. Sirutis, B.J. Soden, W.F. Stern, L.A. Thompson, R.J. Wilson, A.T. Wittenberg, B.L. Wyman
2004, Journal of Climate (17) 4641-4673
The configuration and performance of a new global atmosphere and land model for climate research developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are presented. The atmosphere model, known as AM2, includes a new gridpoint dynamical core, a prognostic cloud scheme, and a multispecies aerosol climatology, as well as components...
Comparison of electrofishing and trammel netting variability for sampling native fishes
C.P. Paukert
2004, Journal of Fish Biology (65) 1643-1652
The variability in size structure and relative abundance (CPUE; number of fish ≥200 mm total length, LT, collected per hour of electrofishing or trammel netting) of three native Colorado River fishes, the endangered humpback chub Gila cypha, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnus and bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, collected from electrofishing and trammel nets was assessed...
Habitat use and spatial structure of a barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) population in southeastern Arizona
C.S. Goldberg, C.R. Schwalbe
2004, Journal of Herpetology (38) 305-312
Barking Frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) are the northernmost ranging member of the large tropical family Leptodactylidae. We investigated the ecology of this saxicolous species at the northern edge of its range in a canyon in southern Arizona. We captured 54 frogs on discontinuous rock outcrops; eight of nine females and 39...
Surface complexation model of uranyl sorption on Georgia kaolinite
T.E. Payne, J.A. Davis, G.R. Lumpkin, R. Chisari, T.D. Waite
2004, Applied Clay Science (26) 151-162
The adsorption of uranyl on standard Georgia kaolinites (KGa-1 and KGa-1B) was studied as a function of pH (3–10), total U (1 and 10 μmol/l), and mass loading of clay (4 and 40 g/l). The uptake of uranyl in air-equilibrated systems increased with pH and reached...
Water-soluble pesticides in finished water of community water supplies
R.H. Coupe, J. D. Blomquist
2004, Journal - American Water Works Association (96) 56-68
To evaluate the effect of the treatment process on pesticide concentration, source water and finished (treated) water samples were collected from 12 community water systems (CWSs) and analyzed for water-soluble pesticides. The pesticides most frequently detected in the source water were the triazine herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, prometon, and simazine) and...
Estimating accumulation rates and physical properties of sediment behind a dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California
Noah P. Snyder, David M. Rubin, Charles N. Alpers, Jonathan R. Childs, Jennifer A. Curtis, Lorraine E. Flint, Scott Wright
2004, Water Resources Research (40)
Studies of reservoir sedimentation are vital to understanding scientific and management issues related to watershed sediment budgets, depositional processes, reservoir operations, and dam decommissioning. Here we quantify the mass, organic content, and grain-size distribution of a reservoir deposit in northern California by two methods of extrapolating measurements of sediment physical...
Roosevelt elk density and social segregation: Foraging behavior and females avoiding larger groups of males
F. Weckerly, K. McFarland, M. Ricca, K. Meyer
2004, American Midland Naturalist (152) 386-399
Intersexual social segregation at small spatial scales is prevalent in ruminants that are sexually dimorphic in body size. Explaining social segregation, however, from hypotheses of how intersexual size differences affects the foraging process of males and females has had mixed results. We studied whether body size influences on forage behavior,...
Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 k.y
J.D. Ortiz, S. B. O’Connell, J. DelViscio, W. Dean, J.D. Carriquiry, T. Marchitto, Yen Zheng, A. VanGeen
2004, Geology (32) 521-524
Studies of the Santa Barbara Basin off the coast of California have linked changes in its bottom-water oxygen content to millennial-scale climate changes as recorded by the oxygen isotope composition of Greenland ice. Through the use of detailed records from a sediment core collected off the Magdalena Margin of Baja...
Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
M.N. Gooseff, Diane M. McKnight, R.L. Runkel, J.H. Duff
2004, Limnology and Oceanography (49) 1884-1895
In extreme environments, retention of nutrients within stream ecosystems contributes to the persistence of aquatic biota and continuity of ecosystem function. In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, many glacial meltwater streams flow for only 5–12 weeks a year and yet support extensive benthic microbial communities. We investigated...
Chimney damage in the greater Seattle area from the Nisqually earthquake of 28 February 2001
D. B. Booth, R.E. Wells, R. W. Givler
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 1143-1158
Unreinforced brick chimneys in the greater Seattle area were damaged repeatedly in the Benioff zone earthquakes of 1949, 1965, and 2001. A survey of visible chimney damage after the 28 February 2001 Nisqually earthquake evaluated approximately 60,000 chimneys through block-by-block coverage of about 50 km2, identifying a total of 1556...
Seismic hazard maps of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America
J.G. Tanner, K. M. Shedlock
2004, Tectonophysics (390) 159-175
The growth of megacities in seismically active regions around the world often includes the construction of seismically unsafe buildings and infrastructures due to an insufficient knowledge of existing seismic hazard and/or economic constraints. Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends...
Importance of the Vadose Zone in analyses of unconfined aquifer tests
A.F. Moench
2004, Ground Water (42) 223-233
Analytical models commonly used to interpret unconfined aquifer tests have been based on upper-boundary (water table) conditions that do not adequately address effects of time-varying drainage from the vadose zone. As a result, measured and simulated drawdown data may not agree and hydraulic parameters may be inaccurately estimated. A 72-hour...
Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
M.E. Bartkow, J.N. Huckins, J.F. Muller
2004, Atmospheric Environment (38) 5983-5990
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) have been used as passive air samplers of semivolatile organic compounds in a range of studies. However, due to a lack of calibration data for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), SPMD data have not been used to estimate air concentrations of target PAHs. In this study, SPMDs were...
Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams
V. Gulis, A.D. Rosemond, K. Suberkropp, H.S. Weyers, J.P. Benstead
2004, Freshwater Biology (49) 1437-1447
1. We determined the effects of nutrient enrichment on wood decomposition rates and microbial activity during a 3-year study in two headwater streams at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, NC, U.S.A. After a 1-year pretreatment period, one of the streams was continuously enriched with inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) for 2 years...
Siberia snow depth climatology derived from SSM/I data using a combined dynamic and static algorithm
M. Grippa, N. Mognard, Toan T. Le, E.G. Josberger
2004, Remote Sensing of Environment (93) 30-41
One of the major challenges in determining snow depth (SD) from passive microwave measurements is to take into account the spatiotemporal variations of the snow grain size. Static algorithms based on a constant snow grain size cannot provide accurate estimates of snow pack thickness, particularly over large regions where the...
Upper Cretaceous sequences and sea-level history, New Jersey Coastal Plain
K.G. Miller, P. J. Sugarman, J.V. Browning, M.A. Kominz, R.K. Olsson, M.D. Feigenson, J.C. Hernandez
2004, Geological Society of America Bulletin (116) 368-393
We developed a Late Cretaceous sealevel estimate from Upper Cretaceous sequences at Bass River and Ancora, New Jersey (ODP [Ocean Drilling Program] Leg 174AX). We dated 11-14 sequences by integrating Sr isotope and biostratigraphy (age resolution ??0.5 m.y.) and then estimated paleoenvironmental changes within the sequences from lithofacies and biofacies...
Predicting patterns of non-native plant invasions in Yosemite National Park, California, USA
E.C. Underwood, R. Klinger, P.E. Moore
2004, Diversity and Distributions (10) 447-459
One of the major issues confronting management of parks and reserves is the invasion of non-native plant species. Yosemite National Park is one of the largest and best-known parks in the United States, harbouring significant cultural and ecological resources. Effective management of non-natives would be greatly assisted by information on...
The effects of habitat resolution on models of avian diversity and distributions: A comparison of two land-cover classifications
Joshua J. Lawler, Raymond. J. O’Connor, Carolyn T. Hunsaker, K. Bruce Jones, Thomas R. Loveland, Denis White
2004, Landscape Ecology (19) 517-532
Quantifying patterns is a key element of landscape analysis. One aspect of this quantification of particular importance to landscape ecologists is the classification of continuous variables to produce categorical variables such as land-cover type or elevation stratum. Although landscape ecologists are fully aware of the importance of spatial resolution in...
Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake
R. L. Wesson, D. M. Perkins, E. V. Leyendecker, R.J. Roth Jr., M.D. Petersen
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 1021-1045
The distributions of insured losses to single-family housing following the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake for 234 ZIP codes can be satisfactorily modeled with gamma distributions. Regressions of the parameters in the gamma distribution on estimates of ground motion, derived from ShakeMap estimates or from interpolated observations, provide a basis for...
Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese
A. C. Fowler, J.M. Eadie, Craig R. Ely
2004, Condor (106) 600-607
We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta...
Improved spatial resolution for U-series dating of opal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, using ion-microprobe and microdigestion methods
J.B. Paces, L.A. Neymark, J. L. Wooden, H.M. Persing
2004, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (68) 1591-1606
Two novel methods of in situ isotope analysis, ion microprobe and microdigestion, were used for 230Th/U and 234U/238U dating of finely laminated opal hemispheres formed in unsaturated felsic tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, proposed site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. Both methods allow analysis of layers as many as...
Preservation of water samples for arsenic(III/V) determinations: An evaluation of the literature and new analytical results
R. Blaine McCleskey, D. Kirk Nordstrom, A.S. Maest
2004, Applied Geochemistry (19) 995-1009
Published literature on preservation procedures for stabilizing aqueous inorganic As(III/V) redox species contains discrepancies. This study critically evaluates published reports on As redox preservation and explains discrepancies in the literature. Synthetic laboratory preservation experiments and time stability experiments were conducted for natural water samples from several field sites. Any field...
Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes
C. Thurber, S. Roecker, H. Zhang, S. Baher, W. Ellsworth
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
We present results from the tomographic analysis of seismic data from the Parkfield area using three different inversion codes. The models provide a consistent view of the complex velocity structure in the vicinity of the San Andreas, including a sharp velocity contrast across the fault. We use the inversion results...
