Natural selection of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) in Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae)
S.I. Jarvi, C.L. Tarr, C.E. Mcintosh, C. T. Atkinson, R.C. Fleischer
2004, Molecular Ecology (13) 2157-2168
The native Hawaiian honeycreepers represent a classic example of adaptive radiation and speciation, but currently face one the highest extinction rates in the world. Although multiple factors have likely influenced the fate of Hawaiian birds, the relatively recent introduction of avian malaria is thought to be a major factor limiting...
Habitat use and spatial structure of a barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) population in southeastern Arizona
C.S. Goldberg, C.R. Schwalbe
2004, Journal of Herpetology (38) 305-312
Barking Frogs (Eleutherodactylus augusti) are the northernmost ranging member of the large tropical family Leptodactylidae. We investigated the ecology of this saxicolous species at the northern edge of its range in a canyon in southern Arizona. We captured 54 frogs on discontinuous rock outcrops; eight of nine females and 39...
Seasonal movement and home range of the Mariana Common Moorhen
L.L. Takano, S. M. Haig
2004, Condor (106) 652-663
Adult Mariana Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus guami) were radio-marked on Guam (n = 25) and Saipan (n = 18) to determine home range, inter- and intraseasonal space use, and movement patterns among the Mariana Islands of Guam, Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. Birds were tracked throughout the dry and wet seasons...
Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders
L.L. Bailey, T.R. Simons, K. H. Pollock
2004, Journal of Herpetology (38) 370-380
Despite concern over amphibian declines, few studies estimate absolute abundances because of logistic and economic constraints and previously poor estimator performance. Two estimation approaches recommended for amphibian studies are mark-recapture and depletion (or removal) sampling. We compared abundance estimation via various mark-recapture and depletion methods, using data from a three-year...
Upper crustal structure of southwestern British Columbia from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound
K. Ramachandran, S.E. Dosso, C.A. Zelt, G.D. Spence, R.D. Hyndman, T.M. Brocher
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (109)
This paper applies nonlinear three-dimensional travel time tomography to refraction data recorded during the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) to derive the first large-scale, high-resolution upper crustal velocity model for southwestern British Columbia. A minimum structure P wave velocity model is constructed using 175,000 first arrival travel...
Mesoscale spatial variability of selected aquatic invertebrate community metrics from a minimally impaired stream segment
J.B. Gebler
2004, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (23) 616-633
The related topics of spatial variability of aquatic invertebrate community metrics, implications of spatial patterns of metric values to distributions of aquatic invertebrate communities, and ramifications of natural variability to the detection of human perturbations were investigated. Four metrics commonly used for stream assessment were computed for 9 stream reaches...
Variance of size-age curves: Bootstrapping with autocorrelation
S.H. Bullock, R. M. Turner, J.R. Hastings, M. Escoto-Rodriguez, Z.R.A. Lopez, J. L. Rodrigues-Navarro
2004, Ecology (85) 2114-2117
We modify a method of estimating size-age relations from a minimal set of individual increment data, recognizing that growth depends not only on size but also varies greatly among individuals and is consistent within an individual for several to many time intervals. The method is exemplified with data from a...
Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia
J.R. Prescott, G.B. Robertson, C. Shoemaker, E.M. Shoemaker, J. Wynn
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (109)
Luminescence dating has been used to find the age of meteorite impact craters at Wabar (Al Hadida) in Saudi Arabia. The luminescence characteristics of the shocked material were determined. Using a variety of luminescence dating techniques applied to impactite formed by the meteorite, and to the underlying sand,...
Distribution of potentially hazardous trace elements in coals from Shanxi province, China
J.Y. Zhang, C.G. Zheng, D.Y. Ren, C. L. Chou, J. Liu, R.-S. Zeng, Z.P. Wang, F.H. Zhao, Y.T. Ge
2004, Fuel (83) 129-135
Shanxi province, located in the center of China, is the biggest coal base of China. There are five coal-forming periods in Shanxi province: Late Carboniferous (Taiyuan Formation), Early Permian (Shanxi Formation), Middle Jurassic (Datong Formation), Tertiary (Taxigou Formation), and Quaternary. Hundred and ten coal samples and a peat sample from...
Diets of insectivorous birds along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona
H.K. Yard, Charles van Riper III, B.T. Brown, M.J. Kearsley
2004, The Condor (106) 106-115
We examined diets of six insectivorous bird species (n = 202 individuals) from two vegetation zones along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1994. All bird species consumed similar quantities of caterpillars and beetles, but use of other prey taxa varied. Non-native leafhoppers (Opsius stactagolus) specific to...
Temporal and geographic variation in survival of juvenile black brant
David H. Ward, Joel A. Schmutz, James S. Sedinger, Karen S. Bollinger, P. D. Martin, B.A. Anderson
2004, Condor (106) 263-274
First-year survival has important implications for the structure and growth of populations. We examined variation in seasonal survival of first-year Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) marked late in summer in Alaska at two brood-rearing areas on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Tutakoke and Kokechik) and one area on the Arctic Coastal...
Movement, home range, and site fidelity of bluegills in a Great Plains Lake
C.P. Paukert, D.W. Willis, M.A. Bouchard
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 154-161
Little is known about the distribution, movement, and home ranges of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus in lentic environments. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the seasonal and diel differences in movement rates, site fidelity, and home range of bluegills in a shallow, natural Great Plains lake. A total...
The relationship between gorgonian coral (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) diseases and African dust storms
J. R. Weir-Brush, V.H. Garrison, G.W. Smith, E.A. Shinn
2004, Aerobiologia (20) 119-126
The number of reports of coral diseases has increased throughout the world in the last 20 years. Aspergillosis, which primarily affects Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum, is one of the few diseases to be characterized. This disease is caused by Aspergillus sydowii, a terrestrial fungus with a worldwide distribution. Upon...
Factors influencing occupancy of nest cavities in recently burned forests
V.A. Saab, J. Dudley, W.L. Thompson
2004, Conference Paper, Condor
Recently burned forests in western North America provide nesting habitat for many species of cavity-nesting birds. However, little is understood about the time frame and the variables affecting occupancy of postfire habitats by these birds. We studied factors influencing the occupancy and reuse of nest cavities from 1-7 years after...
Spatial distribution of the largest rainfall‐runoff floods from basins between 2.6 and 26,000 km2 in the United States and Puerto Rico
Jim E. O'Connor, John E. Costa
2004, Water Resources Research (40)
We assess the spatial distribution of the largest rainfall‐generated streamflows from a database of 35,663 flow records composed of the largest 10% of annual peak flows from each of 14,815 U.S. Geological Survey stream gaging stations in the United States and Puerto Rico. High unit discharges (peak discharge per unit...
Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation
P. L. Verplanck, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Howard E. Taylor, B. A. Kimball
2004, Applied Geochemistry (19) 1339-1354
Ferrous iron rapidly oxidizes to Fe (III) and precipitates as hydrous Fe (III) oxides in acid mine waters. This study examines the effect of Fe precipitation on the rare earth element(REE) geochemistry of acid mine waters to determine the pH range over which REEs behave conservatively and the range...
Injury and mortality of warmwater fishes immobilized by electrofishing
C.R. Dolan, L.E. Miranda
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 118-127
Most studies of injury associated with electrofishing have focused on salmonids: few have given attention to warmwater fishes. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we treated bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides of various sizes to duty cycles ranging from 1.5% to 100%. This range of...
Emplacement, rapid burial, and exhumation of 90-Ma plutons in southeastern Alaska
G. R. Himmelberg, Peter J. Haeussler, D. A. Brew
2004, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (41) 87-102
In southeastern Alaska, granodiorite-tonalite plutons of the Admiralty-Revillagigedo belt intruded the Jurassic-Cretaceous Gravina belt along the eastern side of the Alexander terrane around 90 Ma. These plutons postdate some deformation related to a major contractional event between the previously amalgamated Wrangellia and Alexander terranes and the previously accreted terranes of...
Bryophytes from Simeonof Island in the Shumagin Islands, southwestern Alaska
Wilfred B. Schofield, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot
2004, Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (95) 155-198
Simeonof Island is located south of the Alaska Peninsula in the hyperoceanic sector of the middle boreal subzone. We examined the bryoflora of Simeonof Island to determine species composition in an area where no previous collections had been reported. This field study was conducted in sites selected to represent the...
Complex proximal deposition during the Plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Alaska
Bruce F. Houghton, C. J. N. Wilson, J. Fierstein, W. Hildreth
2004, Bulletin of Volcanology (66) 95-133
Proximal (<3 km) deposits from episodes II and III of the 60-h-long Novarupta 1912 eruption exhibit a very complex stratigraphy, the result of at least four transport regimes and diverse depositional mechanisms. They contrast with the relatively simple stratigraphy (and inferred emplacement mechanisms) for the previously documented, better known, medial-distal...
Dynamics of intertidal foraging by coastal brown bears in Southwestern Alaska
T. S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge
2004, Journal of Wildlife Management (68) 233-240
Shoreline areas provide early season foraging opportunities for coastal bears in Alaska. We investigated use by brown bears (Ursus arctos) of soft-shelled (Mya arenaria) and Pacific razor (Siliqua patula) clams at Katmai National Park, Alaska, USA, to identify the potential importance of these clams to bears. We used direct observations...
Use of simulated evaporation to assess the potential for scale formation during reverse osmosis desalination
G. F. Huff
2004, Desalination (160) 285-292
The tendency of solutes in input water to precipitate efficiency lowering scale deposits on the membranes of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination systems is an important factor in determining the suitability of input water for desalination. Simulated input water evaporation can be used as a technique to quantitatively assess the potential...
Hydrologic aspects of marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA: Effects of structural marsh management
F. Bolduc, A. D. Afton
2004, Marine Ecology Progress Series (266) 35-42
The hydrology of marsh ponds influences aquatic invertebrate and waterbird communities. Hydrologic variables in marsh ponds of the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain are potentially affected by structural marsh management (SMM: levees, water control structures and impoundments) that has been implemented since the 1950s. Assuming that SMM restricts tidal flows and...
Evidence for liquefaction identified in peeled slices of Holocene deposits along the Lower Columbia River, Washington
K. Takada, B.F. Atwater
2004, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (94) 550-575
Peels made from 10 geoslices beneath a riverbank at Washington's Hunting Island, 45 km inland from the Pacific coast, aid in identifying sand that liquefied during prehistoric earthquakes of estimated magnitude 8-9 at the Cascadia subduction zone. Each slice was obtained by driving sheetpile and a shutter plate to depths...
In-situ measurements of velocity structure within turbidity currents
J. P. Xu, M.A. Noble, L.K. Rosenfeld
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
Turbidity currents are thought to be the main mechanism to move ???500,000 m3 of sediments annually from the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon to the deep-sea fan. Indirect evidence has shown frequent occurrences of such turbidity currents in the canyon, but the dynamic properties of the turbidity currents such...
