Development of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for hydrophilic organic contaminants in aquatic environments
D.A. Alvarez, J. D. Petty, J.N. Huckins, T. L. Jones-Lepp, D.T. Getting, J.P. Goddard, S.E. Manahan
2004, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (23) 1640-1648
Increasingly it is being realized that a holistic hazard assessment of complex environmental contaminant mixtures requires data on the concentrations of hydrophilic organic contaminants including new generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and many chemicals associated with household, industrial, and agricultural wastes. To address this issue, we developed a passive...
Historical channel-bed elevation change as a result of multiple disturbances, Soldier Creek, Kansas
K. E. Juracek
2004, Physical Geography (25) 269-290
Historical information on stream stage/discharge relations from eight U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations was used to analyze channel-bed elevation change along Soldier Creek, a stream affected by multiple disturbances in northeast Kansas. The analysis provided information on the spatial (location, type, magnitude) and temporal (timing, duration, trend, rate) dimensions...
Reach-scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and related processes in a nitrate-rich stream, midcontinent United States
J.K. Böhlke, J. W. Harvey, M.A. Voytek
2004, Limnology and Oceanography (49) 821-838
We conducted an in-stream tracer experiment with Br and 15N-enriched NO3- to determine the rates of denitrification and related processes in a gaining NO3- -rich stream in an agricultural watershed in the upper Mississippi basin in September 2001. We determined reach-averaged rates of N fluxes and reactions from isotopic analyses...
Comparison of litter decomposition in a natural versus coal-slurry pond reclaimed as a wetland
J. Taylor, B.A. Middleton
2004, Land Degradation and Development (15) 439-446
Decomposition is a key function in reclaimed wetlands, and changes in its rate have ramifications for organic-matter accumulation, nutrient cycling, and production. The purpose of this study was to compare leaf litter decomposition rates in coal-slurry ponds vs. natural wetlands on natural floodplain wetlands in Illinois, USA. The rate of...
Coal facies studies in the eastern United States
J.C. Hower, C.F. Eble
2004, International Journal of Coal Geology (58) 3-22
Coals in the eastern United States (east of the Mississippi River) have been the subject of a number of coal facies studies, going back to the 19th century. Such studies would not necessarily fall within a strict modern classification of coal facies studies, but if a study encompassed some aspects...
Fishing for lobsters indirectly increases epidemics in sea urchins
Kevin D. Lafferty
2004, Ecological Applications (14) 1566-1573
Two ecological paradigms, the trophic cascade and the host-density threshold in disease, interact in the kelp-forest ecosystem to structure the community. To investigate what happens when a trophic cascade pushes a host population over a host-threshold density, I analyzed a 20-year data set of kelp forest communities at 16 sites...
Habitat selection by female northern pintails wintering in the Grassland Ecological Area, California
Joseph P. Fleskes, David S. Gilmer, Robert L. Jarvis
2004, California Fish and Game (90) 13-28
To determine relative importance of habitats available in the Grassland Ecological Area (GEA) to wintering female northern pintails, Anas acuta, we studied habitat use relative to availability (i.e., habitat selection) in the GEA during September through March, 1991-94 for 196 Hatch-Year (HY) and 221 After-Hatch-Year (AHY) female pintails that were...
Benefits and impacts of road removal
T.A. Switalski, J.A. Bissonette, T.H. DeLuca, C.H. Luce, Mary Ann Madej
2004, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2) 21-28
Road removal is being used to mitigate the physical and ecological impacts of roads and to restore both public and private lands. Although many federal and state agencies and private landowners have created protocols for road removal and priorities for restoration, research has not kept pace with the rate of...
Reproductive success of the Black-crowned Night Heron at Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California, 1990-2002
Roger L. Hothem, Daphne Hatch
2004, Waterbirds (27) 112-125
Nesting chronology, habitat use, subcolony use, and hatchability were documented for the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting at Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California during 1990-2002. Reproductive success was estimated using the Mayfield method and compared among years. Totals of monitored nests per year ranged from 68 in 2001...
Differential spring migration by male and female Western Sandpipers at interior and coastal stopover sites
Mary Anne Bishop, Nils Warnock, John Y. Takekawa
2004, Ardea (92) 185-196
Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri are differential migrants on their non-breeding areas, with females wintering farther south. Earlier passage of males in the spring has been explained by sexual differences in winter latitude (male-biased sex ratios at more northerly areas) and onset of migration (males departing earlier). We investigated sex differences...
Is predation on waterfowl nests density dependent? Tests at three spatial scales
Joshua T. Ackerman, Alexis L. Blackmer, John M. Eadie
2004, Oikos (107) 128-140
We tested whether predation on duck nests (Anas spp.) was density dependent at three spatial scales using artificial and natural nests in the Suisun Marsh, California, USA. At the largest spatial scale, we used 5 years (1998–2002) of data to examine the natural variation in duck nest success and nest...
Modelling effects of discharge on habitat quality and dispersal of juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha) in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon
J. Korman, S.M. Wiele, M. Torizzo
2004, River Research and Applications (20) 379-400
A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to seven study reaches in the Colorado River within Grand Canyon to examine how operation of Glen Canyon Dam has affected availability of suitable shoreline habitat and dispersal of juvenile humpback chub (Gila cypha). Suitable shoreline habitat typically declined with increasing discharges above 226-425...
Chondrichthyans from the Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Naco Formation of central Arizona
D.K. Elliott, R.B. Irmis, Michael C. Hansen, T.J. Olson
2004, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (24) 268-280
Teeth, spines, and dermal denticles of chondrichthyans are reported from the Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Naco Formation of central Arizona. The most common elements are crushing teeth of the cochliodont Deltodus angularis, less common are teeth of D. sublaevis, Venustodus leidyi, Lagarodus angustus, “Cladodus” occidentalis, Petalodus ohioensis, Orodus sp., and Hybodontoidea....
Atmospherically transported elements and deposition in the Southeastern United States: Local or transoceanic?
C. W. Holmes, R. Miller
2004, Conference Paper, Applied Geochemistry
Saharan dust is persistently transported and deposited in ecosystems of the western Atlantic Ocean. This dust is an aggregate of clay and quartz particles cemented with Fe oxides. Samples collected and analyzed from Mali (central Africa), the Azores, the Caribbean and the Eastern United States document the levels of minor...
Comparisons of fish species traits from small streams to large rivers
R. M. Goldstein, M. R. Meador
2004, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (133) 971-983
To examine the relations between fish community function and stream size, we classified 429 lotic freshwater fish species based on multiple categories within six species traits: (1) substrate preference, (2) geomorphic preference, (3) trophic ecology, (4) locomotion morphology, (5) reproductive strategy, and (6) stream size preference. Stream size categories included...
Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach
P. Ruggiero, R.A. Holman, R.A. Beach
2004, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans (109)
Because of highly dissipative conditions and strong alongshore gradients in foreshore beach morphology, wave run-up data collected along the central Oregon coast during February 1996 stand in contrast to run-up data currently available in the literature. During a single data run lasting approximately 90 min, the significant vertical run-up elevation...
Identifying areas of basin-floor recharge in the Trans-Pecos region and the link to vegetation
Michelle Ann Walvoord, Fred M. Phillips
2004, Journal of Hydrology (292) 59-74
Comparative water potential and chloride profiles (∼10 m deep) collected from four vegetation communities in the Trans-Pecos region of the Chihuahuan Desert were assessed to evaluate the potential for using vegetation patterns as a means of efficiently improving large-scale estimates of basin-floor recharge in semiarid...
Mineralogical and geochemical controls on the release of trace elements from slag produced by base- and precious-metal smelting at abandoned mine sites
N.M. Piatak, R.R. Seal II, J. M. Hammarstrom
2004, Conference Paper, Applied Geochemistry
Slag collected from smelter sites associated with historic base-metal mines contains elevated concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Zn and Pb. Weathering of slag piles, many of which were deposited along stream banks, potentially may release these trace elements into the environment. Slags were sampled from the Ely and...
Radon (222Rn) in ground water of fractured rocks: A diffusion/ion exchange model
W.W. Wood, T. F. Kraemer, A. Shapiro
2004, Ground Water (42) 552-567
Ground waters from fractured igneous and high‐grade sialic metamorphic rocks frequently have elevated activity of dissolved radon (222Rn). A chemically based model is proposed whereby radium (226Ra) from the decay of uranium (238U) diffuses through the primary porosity of the rock to the water‐transmitting fracture where...
The late cretaceous Donlin Creek gold deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on epizonal ore formation
Richard J. Goldfarb, Robert A. Ayuso, Marti L. Miller, Shane W. Ebert, Erin E. Marsh, Scott A. Petsel, Lance D. Miller, Dwight Bradley, Chad Johnson, William C. McClelland
2004, Economic Geology (99) 643-671
The Donlin Creek gold deposit, southwestern Alaska, has an indicated and inferred resource of approximately 25 million ounces (Moz) Au at a cutoff grade of 1.5 g/t. The ca. 70 Ma deposit is hosted in the Late Cretaceous Kuskokwim flysch basin, which developed in the back part of the arc...
Parasite infection rates of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in fenced game reserves in relation to reserve characteristics
V.O. Ezenwa
2004, Biological Conservation (118) 397-401
Under certain conditions reserves can pose a threat to wildlife conservation by increasing the transmission of parasites and pathogens. In this study, I investigated associations between reserve characteristics including area, density and species richness and parasite infection rates in impala (Aepyceros melampus). Using coprological methods to measure gastrointestinal parasitism rates...
Losses to single-family housing from ground motions in the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake
R. L. Wesson, D. M. Perkins, E. V. Leyendecker, R.J. Roth Jr., M.D. Petersen
2004, Earthquake Spectra (20) 1021-1045
The distributions of insured losses to single-family housing following the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake for 234 ZIP codes can be satisfactorily modeled with gamma distributions. Regressions of the parameters in the gamma distribution on estimates of ground motion, derived from ShakeMap estimates or from interpolated observations, provide a basis for...
Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet
M. Schwab, L. Ratschbacher, W. Siebel, M. McWilliams, V. Minaev, V. Lutkov, F. Chen, K. Stanek, B. Nelson, W. Frisch, J. L. Wooden
2004, Tectonics (23)
Magmatic rocks and depositional setting of associated volcaniclastic strata along a north-south traverse spanning the southern Tien Shan and eastern Pamirs of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan constrain the tectonics of the Pamirs and Tibet. The northern Pamirs and northwestern Tibet contain the north facing Kunlun suture, the south facing Jinsha suture,...
Relatedness and nesting dispersion within breeding populations of Greater White-fronted Geese
A. C. Fowler, J.M. Eadie, Craig R. Ely
2004, Condor (106) 600-607
We studied patterns of relatedness and nesting dispersion in female Pacific Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) in Alaska. Female Greater White-fronted Geese are thought to be strongly philopatric and are often observed nesting in close association with other females. Analysis of the distribution of nests on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta...
Effects of natal departure and water level on survival of juvenile snail kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Florida
V.J. Dreitz, W.M. Kitchens, D.L. DeAngelis
2004, The Auk (121) 894-903
Survival rate from fledging to breeding, or juvenile survival, is an important source of variation in lifetime reproductive success in birds. Therefore, determining the relationship between juvenile survival and environmental factors is essential to understanding fitness consequences of reproduction in many populations. With increases in density of individuals and depletion...
