Quantitative expression profiling of immune response genes in rainbow trout following infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infection or DNA vaccination
Maureen K. Purcell, Gael Kurath, Kyle A. Garver, Russell P. Herwig, James R. Winton
2004, Fish & Shellfish Immunology (17) 447-462
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a well-studied virus of salmonid fishes. A highly efficacious DNA vaccine has been developed against this virus and studies have demonstrated that this vaccine induces both an early and transient non-specific anti-viral phase as well as long-term specific protection. The mechanisms of the early...
A combined basalt and peridotite perspective on 14 million years of melt generation at the Atlantis Bank segment of the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for temporal changes in mantle dynamics?
L.A. Coogan, G.M. Thompson, C. J. MacLeod, H.J.B. Dick, S.J. Edwards, Scheirer A. Hosford, T.L. Barry
2004, Chemical Geology (207) 13-30
Little is known about temporal variations in melt generation and extraction at midocean ridges largely due to the paucity of sampling along flow lines. Here we present new whole-rock major and trace element data, and mineral and glass major element data, for 71 basaltic samples (lavas and dykes) and 23...
Toward a comprehensive information system to assist invasive species management in Hawaii and Pacific Islands
M. Fornwall, L. Loope
2004, Weed Science (52) 854-856
The need for coordinated regional and global electronic databases to assist prevention, early detection, rapid response, and control of biological invasions is well accepted. The Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN), a node of the National Biological Information Infrastructure, has been increasingly engaged in the invasive species enterprise since its establishment...
The tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake estimated from tsunami travel times and its relationship to the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake
K. Hirata, Y. Tanioka, K. Satake, S. Yamaki, E.L. Geist
2004, Earth, Planets and Space (56) 367-372
We estimate the tsunami source area of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw 8.0) from observed tsunami travel times at 17 Japanese tide gauge stations. The estimated tsunami source area (∼ 1.4 × 104 km2) coincides with the western-half of the ocean-bottom deformation area (∼2.52 × 104 km2) of the 1952 Tokachi-oki...
Enhancing fecal coliform total maximum daily load models through bacterial source tracking
K.E. Hyer, D. L. Moyer
2004, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (40) 1511-1526
Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these...
Surface changes on Io during the Galileo mission
Paul E. Geissler, Alfred McEwen, Cynthia B. Phillips, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, John Spencer
2004, Icarus (169) 29-64
A careful survey of Galileo SSI global monitoring images revealed more than 80 apparent surface changes that took place on Io during the 5 year period of observation, ranging from giant plume deposits to subtle changes in the color or albedo of Patera surfaces. Explosive volcanic activity was discovered at...
Streaks, multiplets, and holes: High-resolution spatio-temporal behavior of Parkfield seismicity
F. Waldhauser, W.L. Ellsworth, D. P. Schaff, A. Cole
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
Double-difference locations of ???8000 earthquakes from 1969-2002 on the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault reveal detailed fault structures and seismicity that is, although complex, highly organized in both space and time. Distinctive features of the seismicity include: 1) multiple recurrence of earthquakes of the same size at precisely...
Sedimentary processes of the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe
I. Klaucke, D.G. Masson, Neil H. Kenyon, J.V. Gardner
2004, Marine Geology (206) 181-198
The distribution of deposits, sediment transport pathways and processes on the lower Monterey Fan channel and channel-mouth lobe (CML) are studied through the integration of GLORIA and TOBI sidescan sonar data with 7-kHz subbottom profiler records and sediment cores for ground-truthing. The lower Monterey channel is characterised by an up...
Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using a high-resolution isotopic technique
N. Ohte, S.D. Sebestyen, J. B. Shanley, D.H. Doctor, C. Kendall, Scott D. Wankel, E.W. Boyer
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
The denitrifier method to determine the dual isotopic composition (??15N and ??18O) of nitrate is well suited for studies of nitrogen contributions to streams during runoff events. This method requires only 70 nmol of NO3- and enables high throughput of samples. We studied nitrate sources to a headwater stream during...
Carnivore re-colonisation: Reality, possibility and a non-equilibrium century for grizzly bears in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem
Sanjay Pyare, S. Cain, D. Moody, C. Schwartz, J. Berger
2004, Animal Conservation (7) 71-77
Most large native carnivores have experienced range contractions due to conflicts with humans, although neither rates of spatial collapse nor expansion have been well characterised. In North America, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) once ranged from Mexico northward to Alaska, however its range in the continental USA has been reduced...
Modeling the effects of human activity on Katmai brown bears (Ursus arctos) through the use of survival analysis
T. S. Smith, B.A. Johnson
2004, Arctic (57) 160-165
Brown bear-human interactions were observed in 1993, 1995, and 1997 at Kulik River in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. We analyzed these interactions using survival analysis, creating survival curves for the time that bears remained on the river in the presence, and absence, of human activity. Bear-only survival curves...
A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D
S.T. Gray, L.J. Graumlich, J.L. Betancourt, G.T. Pederson
2004, Geophysical Research Letters (31)
We present a tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) which demonstrates that strong, low-frequency (60-100 yr) variability in basin-wide (0-70??N) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been a consistent feature of North Atlantic climate for the past five centuries. Intervention analysis of reconstructed AMO indicates that 20th century...
Volatile organic compounds in ground water from rural private wells, 1986 to 1999
M.J. Moran, W.W. Lapham, B.L. Rowe, J.S. Zogorski
2004, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (40) 1141-1157
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected or compiled data on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in samples of untreated ground water from 1,926 rural private wells during 1986 to 1999. At least one VOC was detected in 12 percent of samples from rural private wells. Individual VOCs were not commonly detected...
Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming
S. Manabe, P. C. D. Milly, R. Wetherald
2004, Hydrological Sciences Journal (49) 625-642
By use of a coupled ocean atmosphere-land model, this study explores the changes of water availability, as measured by river discharge and soil moisture, that could occur by the middle of the 21st century in response to combined increases of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols based upon the "IS92a" scenario....
Miocene extension and extensional folding in an anticlinal segment of the Black Mountains accommodation zone, Colorado River extensional corridor, southwestern United States
R. J. Varga, J. E. Faulds, L.W. Snee, S. S. Harlan, L. Bettison-Varga
2004, Tectonics (23)
Recent studies demonstrate that rifts are characterized by linked tilt domains, each containing a consistent polarity of normal faults and stratal tilt directions, and that the transition between domains is typically through formation of accommodation zones and generally not through production of throughgoing transfer faults. The mid-Miocene Black Mountains accommodation...
Ultramafic xenoliths from the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana, USA: Evidence for multiple metasomatic events in the lithospheric mantle beneath the Wyoming craton
H. Downes, R. Macdonald, B.G.J. Upton, K.G. Cox, J.-L. Bodinier, P.R.D. Mason, D. James, P.G. Hill, B. C. Hearn Jr.
2004, Journal of Petrology (45) 1631-1662
Ultramafic xenoliths in Eocene minettes of the Bearpaw Mountains volcanic field (Montana, USA), derived from the lower lithosphere of the Wyoming craton, can be divided based on textural criteria into tectonite and cumulate groups. The tectonites consist of strongly depleted spinel lherzolites, harzbugites and dunites. Although their mineralogical compositions are...
Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA
M. A. Bowker, J. Belnap, R. Rosentreter, B. Graham
2004, Applied Soil Ecology (26) 41-52
Frequent low-intensity fires are a natural component of the ecology of the Palouse prairies of northwestern North America. To study the effects of fire upon biological soil crusts (BSCs) occurring in these grasslands, we sampled three burned (in 2000) sites and three unburned sites in the Hell's Canyon area (OR,...
Many are cold, but a few were frozen
S. Schliebe, T. S. Smith
2004, Alaska Reflections (16) 6-8
No abstract available....
Using the geologic setting of talc deposits as an indicator of amphibole asbestos content
B. S. Van Gosen, H.A. Lowers, S. J. Sutley, C. A. Gent
2004, Environmental Geology (45) 920-939
This study examined commercial talc deposits in the U.S. and their amphibole-asbestos content. The study found that the talc-forming environment directly influenced the amphibole and amphibole-asbestos content of the talc deposit. Large talc districts in the U.S. have mined hydrothermal talcs that replaced dolostone. Hydrothermal talcs, created by siliceous fluids...
Comprehensive assessment of precursors, diagenesis, and reactivity to water treatment of dissolved and colloidal organic matter
J.A. Leenheer
2004, Conference Paper, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
A comprehensive isolation, fractionation, and characterization research approach was developed for dissolved and colloidal organic matter (DOM) in water, and it was applied to various surface- and groundwaters to assess DOM precursors, DOM diagenesis, and DOM reactivity to water treatment processes. Major precursors for natural DOM are amino sugars, condensed...
Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion
S. Bannister, C.J. Bryan, H.M. Bibby
2004, Geophysical Journal International (159) 291-310
The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand is a region characterized by very high magma eruption rates and extremely high heat flow, which is manifest in high-temperature geothermal waters. The shear wave velocity structure across the region is inferred using non-linear inversion of receiver functions, which were derived from teleseismic...
Evaluation of three gears for sampling spawning populations of rainbow trout in a large Alaskan river
C.J. Schwanke, W.A. Hubert
2004, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (24) 1078-1082
Alternatives to electrofishing are needed for sampling sexually mature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during the spawning season in large Alaskan rivers. We compared hook and line, beach seining, and actively fished gill nets as sampling tools. Beach seining and active gill netting yielded similar catch rates, length frequencies, and sex...
Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance
D.S. Lee, James C. Storey, M.J. Choate, R. W. Hayes
2004, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (42) 2786-2795
Unlike its predecessors, Landsat-7 has undergone regular geometric and radiometric performance monitoring and calibration since launch in April 1999. This ongoing activity, which includes issuing quarterly updates to calibration parameters, has generated a wealth of geometric performance data over the four-year on-orbit period of operations. A suite of geometric characterization...
The springs of Lake Pátzcuaro: chemistry, salt-balance, and implications for the water balance of the lake
James L. Bischoff, Isabel Israde-Alcantara, Victor H. Garduno-Monroy, Wayne C. Shanks III
2004, Applied Geochemistry (19) 1827-1835
Lake Pa??tzcuaro, the center of the ancient Tarascan civilization located in the Mexican altiplano west of the city of Morelia, has neither river input nor outflow. The relatively constant lake-salinity over the past centuries indicates the lake is in chemical steady state. Springs of the south shore constitute the primary...
Comparison of a new GIS-based technique and a manual method for determining sinkhole density: An example from Illinois' sinkhole plain
J.C. Angel, D.O. Nelson, S.V. Panno
2004, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (66) 9-17
A new Geographic Information System (GIS) method was developed as an alternative to the hand-counting of sinkholes on topographic maps for density and distribution studies. Sinkhole counts were prepared by hand and compared to those generated from USGS DLG data using ArcView 3.2 and the ArcInfo Workstation component of ArcGIS...
