Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor
D. W. Sparling, G. Harvey, V. Nzengung
Gregory L. Linder, Sherry K. Krest, Donald W. Sparling, Edward E. Little, editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Multiple stressor effects in relation to declining amphibian populations
Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a water-soluble, inorganic anion that is often combined with ammonium, potassium or other cations for use in industry and agriculture. Ammonium perchlorate, for example, is a potent oxidizer and is used in various military applications including rocket fuel. It has also been found in an...
Amphibians and pesticides in pristine areas
D. W. Sparling, D. Cowman
Greg L. Linder, Sherry K. Krest, Donald W. Sparling, editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Amphibian Decline: An Integrated Analysis of Multiple Stressor Effects
Environmental factors affecting contaminant toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates
Barnett A. Rattner, Alan G. Heath
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
Physical and natural factors have long been known to influence the toxicity of environmental contaminants to vertebrates. The majority of data that address this topic have been derived from studies on fish, highly inbred laboratory rodents, and man.' The degree to which these factors modify toxicity has principally been elucidated...
Toxicological significance of soil ingestion by wild and domestic animals
W. Nelson Beyer, George F. Fries
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
Most wild and domestic animals ingest some soil or sediment, and some species may routinely, or under special circumstances, ingest considerable amounts. Ingested soil supplies nutrients, exposes animals to parasites and pathogens, and may play a role in developing immune systems.1 Soil ingestion is also sometimes the principal route of...
Bioindicators of contaminant exposure and effect in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring
Mark J. Melancon
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
Bioindicators of contaminant exposure presently used in environmental monitoring arc discussed. Some have been extensively field-validated and arc already in routine application. Included are (1) inhibition of brain or blood cholinesterase by anticholinesterase pesticides, (2) induction of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450 by chemicals such as PAHs and PCBs, (3) reproductive...
Wildlife toxicology of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides
Elwood F. Hill
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
No abstract available....
Multiple stressors and declining amphibian populations: an integrated analysis of cause-effect to support adaptive resource management
D. W. Sparling, S.K. Krest, G. Linder
Greg L. Linder, Sherry K. Krest, Donald W. Sparling, editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects
No abstract available....
Synergy of agroforestry and bottomland hardwood afforestation
D.J. Twedt, J. Portwood
Terry R. Clason, editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Land-use management for the future: proceedings of the 6th North American Agroforestry Conference, June 12-16, 1999, the Arlington Resort Hotel and Spa, Hot Springs, Arkansas
Afforestation of bottomland hardwood forests has historically emphasized planting heavy-seeded tree species such as oak (Quercus spp.) and pecan (Caryaillinoensis) with little or no silvicultural management during stand development. Slow growth of these tree species, herbivory, competing vegetation, and limited seed dispersal, often result in restored sites that are...
Ecotoxicology of mercury
James G. Wiener, David P. Krabbenhoft, Gary H. Heinz, Anton M. Scheuhammer
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
No abstract available....
White phosphorus at Eagle River Flats, Alaska: A case history of waterfowl mortality
Donald W. Sparling
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
White phosphorus has a limited distribution in the environment because it only occurs where it has been directly used by humans. It is not transported aerially for any distance and, due to its density, has a limited ability to disperse through water. Therefore, it is not a contaminant of broad-scale...
Population modeling
John R. Sauer, Grey W. Pendleton
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
No abstract available....
A review of the role of contaminants in amphibian declines
Donald W. Sparling
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
For the past decade, there has been growing concern about worldwide declines in amphibian populations,1,2 and a general phenomenon of declining populations was recognized in the mid-1990's. Subsequent research has validated this concern.3,4 These population declines have been defined either as decreases in numbers of individuals in an area or,...
Petroleum and individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Peter H. Albers
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book chapter, Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
A general treatment of petroleum and PAHs including presentations on composition and characteristics, sources, environmental fate, and effects on plants, invertebrates, fish, reptiles and amphibians, birds, and mammals. A revision of the 1995 book chapter of the same title....
Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition
David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., John Cairns Jr., editor(s)
2003, Book
Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition focuses on toxic substances and how they affect ecosystems worldwide. It presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. Completely revised and updated with 18 new...
Camping impact management on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail
J. L. Marion
2003, Book
This report addresses the management of overnight use and associated impacts along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail (A.T.). This effort was initiated in response to agency and Appalachian Trail Conference (ATC) management concerns regarding the resource and social impacts of increasing overnight visitation, particularly in high use areas....
Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane (Grus americana) as an indicator of reintroduction behavior and survival
M.D. Kreger
2003, Book
Predation by bobcats (Lynx rufus) has been the greatest cause of mortality of whooping cranes (Grus americana) in the reintroduced population in Florida. This study investigated whether the behavior of juvenile cranes during captive rearing and shortly after release can be used to predict their chances of survival once...
Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects
Greg L. Linder, Sherry K. Krest, Donald W. Sparling, editor(s)
2003, Book
Capturing the attention and imagination of the public and the scientific community alike, the mysterious decline in amphibian populations drew scientists and resource managers from ecotoxicology and chemistry, ecology and field biology, conservation biology, and natural resource policy to a SETAC–Johnson Foundation workshop. Facilitating environmental stewardship, increasing capacity of the...
Effects of West Nile Virus
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2003, Fact Sheet 2004-3002
USGS scientists are embarking on bold new research to better understand the consequences this disease may have on wildlife and human health....
A temporal study of urban development for the municipality of Anchorage, Alaska
Carl J. Markon
2003, Geocarto International (18) 21-33
A land use/land cover database was produced for a portion of the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska to document the temporal and spatial extent of urbanization to assist in the analysis of changes in impervious cover and water quality. Data were derived from black and white and color infrared aerial photography,...
The HYPO71 Earthquake Location Program
W.H.K. Lee, John C. Lahr, C.M. Valdes
2003, International Geophysics (81) 1641-1642
HYPO71, a computer program for determining hypocenter, magnitude, and first-motion pattern of local earthquakes, was first released in 1971. It is perhaps the first earthquake location program that achieved worldwide usage, as evidenced by the fact that about 1000 copies of the HYPO71 manual were requested and distributed (Lee,...
The IASPEI Seismological Software Library
W.H.K. Lee
2003, International Geophysics (81) 1605-1607
Since computers became widely available in the early 1960s, seismologists have been using them for data acquisition, processing, and analysis, as well as theoretical computation and modeling. For example, the book by Doornbos (1988) contains a collection of seismological algorithms with the corresponding computer programs available on tape or disk from...
Coupling ice-sheet and climate models for simulation of former ice sheets
Shawn J. Marshall, David Pollard, Steven W. Hostetler, Peter U. Clark
2003, Developments in Quaternary Sciences (1) 105-126
This chapter explores the development of coupled climate and ice-sheet models over the past two decades, discusses the current technical and physical capabilities of models, and identifies future work for developing a better understanding of ice-climate events that have punctuated Earth history. The chapter also illustrates the complex behavior of...
Chapter A7. Section 7.2. Fecal Indicator Viruses
Rebecca N. Bushon
2003, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A7.2
More than 100 types of human pathogenic viruses may be present in fecal-contaminated waters. Coliphages are used as indicators of virus-related fecal contamination and of the microbiological quality of waters. This report provides information on the equipment, sampling protocols, and laboratory methods that are in standard use by U.S. Geological...
Chapter A7. Section 7.3. Protozoan Pathogens
Rebecca N. Bushon, Donna S. Francy
2003, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A7.3
Protozoan pathogens are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are the principal protozoan pathogens that are known to affect the acceptability of water supplies for public use within the United States. A sampling program for protozoan pathogens should be conducted over an extended period of time because...
Chapter A5. Section 6.1.F. Wastewater, Pharmaceutical, and Antibiotic Compounds
Michael Edward Lewis, Steven D. Zaugg
2003, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A5.6.1.F
The USGS differentiates between samples collected for analysis of wastewater compounds and those collected for analysis of pharmaceutical and antibiotic compounds, based on the analytical schedule for the laboratory method. Currently, only the wastewater laboratory method for field-filtered samples (SH1433) is an approved, routine (production) method. (The unfiltered wastewater method...
