An experimental investigation of barite formation in seawater
R.S. Ganeshram, R. Francois, J. Commeau, S. L. Brown-Leger
2003, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (67) 2599-2605
We report results from time-series decay and sequential leaching experiments of laboratory cultured and coastal plankton to elucidate the mechanisms controlling barite formation in seawater. Batch-cultured diatoms ( Stephanopyxis palmerina ) and coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi) were let to decay in the dark for 8-10 weeks, suspended in aerated seawater. The...
Nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation across an ecotonal gradient in a mangrove forest
Ilka C. Feller, K.L. McKee, D.F. Whigham, J.P. O’Neill
2003, Biogeochemistry (62) 145-175
Mangrove forests are characterized by distinctive tree-height gradients that reflect complex spatial, within-stand differences in environmental factors, including nutrient dynamics, salinity, and tidal inundation, across narrow gradients. To determine patterns of nutrient limitation and the effects of nutrient availability on plant growth and within-stand nutrient dynamics, we used a factorial...
Statistical power for detecting trends with applications to seabird monitoring
Scott A. Hatch
2003, Biological Conservation (111) 317-329
Power analysis is helpful in defining goals for ecological monitoring and evaluating the performance of ongoing efforts. I examined detection standards proposed for population monitoring of seabirds using two programs (MONITOR and TRENDS) specially designed for power analysis of trend data. Neither program models within- and among-years components of variance...
Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. I. Significance of metal-sensitive fractions (MSF) and biologically detoxified metal (BDM)
W.G. Wallace, B.-G. Lee, S. N. Luoma
2003, Marine Ecology Progress Series (249) 183-197
Many aspects of metal accumulation in aquatic invertebrates (i.e. toxicity, tolerance and trophic transfer) can be understood by examining the subcellular partitioning of accumulated metal. In this paper, we use a compartmentalization approach to interpret the significance of metal, species and size dependence in the subcellular partitioning of Cd and...
Landslides and liquefaction triggered by the M 7.9 denali fault earthquake of 3 November 2002
E. L. Harp, R.W. Jibson, R. E. Kayen, D. K. Keefer, B.L. Sherrod, G. A. Carver, B.D. Collins, R.E.S. Moss, N. Sitar
2003, GSA Today (13) 4-10
The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake in Alaska of 3 November 2002 triggered an unusual pattern of landslides and liquefaction effects. The landslides were primarily rock falls and rock slides that ranged in volume from a few cubic meters to the 40 million-cubic-meter rock avalanche that covered much...
The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s
J.C. Griffin, F.J. Margraf
2003, Fisheries Management and Ecology (10) 323-328
The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass, (Morone saxatilis) Walbaum, based on unpublished stomach content data from 916 fish collected between 1955 and 1959 was described. The diet in the late 1950s, quantified using an index of relative importance (IRI), was dominated by Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe. Atlantic menhaden...
Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface
C.D. Blome, A. Sanfilippo
2003, Conference Paper, Marine Micropaleontology
[No abstract available]...
Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars
Timothy N. Titus, Hugh H. Kieffer, Phillip R. Christensen
2003, Science (299) 1048-1051
The Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) has discovered water ice exposed near the edge of Mars' southern perennial polar cap. The surface H2O ice was first observed by THEMIS as a region that was cooler than expected for dry soil at that latitude during the summer season. Diurnal...
Maximum slip in earthquake fault zones, apparent stress, and stick-slip friction
Art McGarr, Joe B. Fletcher
2003, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (93) 2355-2362
The maximum slip, observed or inferred, for a small patch within the larger fault zone of an earthquake is a remarkably well-constrained function of the seismic moment. A large set of maximum slips, mostly derived from slip models of major earthquakes, indicate that this parameter increases according to the cube root of the seismic moment. Consistent with this finding, neither the...
Factors influencing the variation in capture rates of shrews in southern California, USA
Juha Laakkonen, Robert N. Fisher, Ted J. Case
2003, Acta Theriologica (48) 157-166
We examined the temporal variation in capture rates of shrewsNotiosorex crawfordi (Coues, 1877) and Sorex ornatus (Merriam, 1895) in 20 sites representing fragmented and continuous habitats in southern California, USA. InN. crawfordi, the temporal variation was significantly correlated with the mean capture rates. Of the 6 landscape...
A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat
J.R. Hatten, C.E. Paradzick
2003, Journal of Wildlife Management (67) 774-788
The southwestern willow flycatcher (SWFL; Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered songbird whose habitat has declined dramatically over the last century. Understanding habitat selection patterns and the ability to identify potential breeding areas for the SWFL is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. We developed a multiscaled...
Slip distribution of the 1952 Tokachi-Oki earthquake (M 8.1) along the Kuril Trench deduced from tsunami waveform inversion
K. Hirata, E. Geist, K. Satake, Y. Tanioka, S. Yamaki
2003, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (108)
We inverted 13 tsunami waveforms recorded in Japan to estimate the slip distribution of the 1952 Tokachi-Oki earthquake (M 8.1), which occurred southeast off Hokkaido along the southern Kuril subduction zone. The previously estimated source area determined from tsunami travel times [Hatori, 1973] did not coincide with the observed aftershock...
Probabilistic assessment methodology for continuous-type petroleum accumulations
R. A. Crovelli
2003, International Journal of Coal Geology (56) 45-48
The analytic resource assessment method, called ACCESS (Analytic Cell-based Continuous Energy Spreadsheet System), was developed to calculate estimates of petroleum resources for the geologic assessment model, called FORSPAN, in continuous-type petroleum accumulations. The ACCESS method is based upon mathematical equations derived from probability theory in the form of a computer...
Effects of structural marsh management and salinity on invertebrate prey of waterbirds in marsh ponds during winter on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain
F. Bolduc, A. D. Afton
2003, Wetlands (23) 897-910
Aquatic invertebrates are important food resources for wintering waterbirds, and prey selection generally is limited by prey size. Aquatic invertebrate communities are influenced by sediments and hydrologic characteristics of wetlands, which were affected by structural marsh management (levees, water-control structures and impoundments; SMM) and salinity on the Gulf Coast Chenier...
Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach
H.-H. Liu, C.B. Haukwa, C.F. Ahlers, G.S. Bodvarsson, A. L. Flint, W.B. Guertal
2003, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (62-63) 173-188
Because the continuum approach is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, it has been commonly used in modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. However, the usefulness of this approach can be questioned in terms of its adequacy for representing fingering flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. The...
Use of microstrip patch antennas in grain and pulverized materials permittivity measurement
El Sabbagh, O.M. Ramahi, S. Trabelsi, S.O. Nelson, L. Khan
2003, Conference Paper, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)
A free-space microwave system developed for the measurement of the relative complex permittivity of granular materials and of pulverized materials was reported. The system consists of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna separated by a space filled by the sample to be characterized and a network analyzer for transmission...
Trace metals in ribbed mussels from Arthur Kill, New York/New Jersey, USA
A.J. Paulson, B. Sharack, V. Zdanowicz
2003, Marine Pollution Bulletin (46) 139-145
[No abstract available]...
Mineral precipitation and dissolution at two slag-disposal sites in northwestern Indiana, USA
E.R. Bayless, M. S. Schulz
2003, Environmental Geology (45) 252-261
Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron- and steel-refining industries. In northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, slag has been deposited over more than 52 km2 of land surface. Despite the widespread use of slag for fill and construction purposes, little is known about its chemical effects on the environment....
Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nestling period
Travis Booms, Mark R. Fuller
2003, The Condor (105) 528-537
We studied food habits of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) nesting in central west Greenland in 2000 and 2001 using three sources of data: time-lapse video (3 nests), prey remains (22 nests), and regurgitated pellets (19 nests). These sources provided different information describing the diet during the nesting period. Gyrfalcons relied heavily...
Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests
K. W. Krauss, J. A. Allen, Donald R. Cahoon
2003, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (56) 251-259
Root systems in mangrove swamps have captured the attention of scientists for decades. Among the postulated roles of root structures include a contribution to the geomorphological stability of mangrove soils through sediment trapping and binding. In this study, we used feldspar marker horizons and sediment pins to investigate the influence...
Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events
Dale W. Griffin, C.A. Kellogg, V.H. Garrison, J.T. Lisle, T.C. Borden, E.A. Shinn
2003, Aerobiologia (19) 143-157
Between July 2000 and August 2001 forty-three air samples were collected in the northern Caribbean: Twenty-six in the US Virgin Islands, and 17 samples aboard ship during two 1-week cruises. Samples were collected during African dust events and non-dust conditions and screened for the presence of culturable bacteria and fungi....
Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels
C.M. Gatenby, D.M. Orcutt, D.A. Kreeger, B.C. Parker, V.A. Jones, R. J. Neves
2003, Journal of Applied Phycology (15) 1-11
To identify potential diets for rearing captive freshwater mussels, the protein, carbohydrate (CHO), and lipid contents of two green algae, Neochloris oleoabundans, Bracteacoccus grandis, and one diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were compared at different growth stages. The fatty acid and sterol composition were also identified. Protein was greatest (55-70%) for all...
The economics of protecting tiger populations: Linking household behavior to poaching and prey depletion
R. Damania, R. Stringer, K. U. Karanth, B. Stith
2003, Land Economics (79) 198-216
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is classified as endangered and populations continue to decline. This paper presents a formal economic analysis of the two most imminent threats to the survival of wild tigers: poaching tigers and hunting their prey. A model is developed to examine interactions between tigers and farm households...
Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nesting period
T.L. Booms, M.R. Fuller
2003, Condor (105) 528-537
We studied food habits of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) nesting in central west Greenland in 2000 and 2001 using three sources of data: time-lapse video (3 nests), prey remains (22 nests), and regurgitated pellets (19 nests). These sources provided different information describing the diet during the nesting period. Gyrfalcons relied heavily...
Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data
A.F. Moench
2003, Journal of Hydrology (281) 82-95
Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate aquifer test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20 piezometers located at various depths below the water table and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from...
