Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one
D.I. MacKenzie, J.D. Nichols, G.B. Lachman, Sam Droege, J. Andrew Royle, C.A. Langtimm
2002, Ecology (83) 2248-2255
Nondetection of a species at a site does not imply that the species is absent unless the probability of detection is 1. We propose a model and likelihood-based method for estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are < 1. The model provides a flexible framework enabling covariate information to...
Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
P.F. Doherty Jr., J.D. Nichols, J. Tautin, J.E. Voelzer, G.W. Smith, D.S. Benning, V.R. Bentley, J.K. Bidwell, K.S. Bollinger, A.R. Brazda, E.K. Buelna, J.R. Goldsberry, R.J. King, F.H. Roetker, J.W. Solberg, P.P. Thorpe, J.S. Wortham
2002, Behavioral Ecology (13) 543-550
Generalizations used to support hypotheses about the evolution of fidelity to breeding areas in birds include the tendency for fidelity to be greater in adult birds than in yearlings. In ducks, in contrast to most bird species, fidelity is thought to be greater among females than males. Researchers...
How should detection probability be incorporated into estimates of relative abundance?
D.I. MacKenzie, W. L. Kendall
2002, Ecology (83) 2387-2393
Determination of the relative abundance of two populations, separated by time or space, is of interest in many ecological situations. We focus on two estimators of relative abundance, which assume that the probability that an individual is detected at least once in the survey is either equal or unequal for...
Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest
John C. Simon, T.K. Pratt, Kim E. Berlin, James R. Kowalsky, S.G. Fancy, Jeff S. Hatfield
2002, Condor (104) 469-481
We studied monthly and annual variation in density estimates of nine forest bird species along an elevational gradient in an east Maui rainforest. We conducted monthly variable circular-plot counts for 36 consecutive months along transects running downhill from timberline. Density estimates were compared by month, year, and station...
The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions
C.S. Jennelle, M.C. Runge, D.I. MacKenzie
2002, Animal Conservation (5) 119-120
The search for easy-to-use indices that substitute for direct estimation of animal density is a common theme in wildlife and conservation science, but one fraught with well-known perils (Nichols & Conroy, 1996; Yoccoz, Nichols & Boulinier, 2001; Pollock et al., 2002). To establish the utility of an index as...
Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds
D. J. Hoffman
2002, Aquatic Toxicology (57) 11-26
Adverse effects of selenium (Se) in wild aquatic birds have been documented as a consequence of pollution of the aquatic environment by subsurface agricultural drainwater and other sources. These effects include mortality, impaired reproduction with teratogenesis, reduced growth, histopathological lesions and alterations in hepatic glutathione metabolism. A review...
The importance of functional form in optimal control solutions of problems in population dynamics
M.C. Runge, Fred A. Johnson
2002, Ecology (83) 1357-1371
Optimal control theory is finding increased application in both theoretical and applied ecology, and it is a central element of adaptive resource management. One of the steps in an adaptive management process is to develop alternative models of system dynamics, models that are all reasonable in light of available...
Re-evaluating Bay-breasted Warbler breeding range: Nine-years presence in Lower Michigan
Kevin Ellison, Paul W. Sykes, Carol I. Bocetti
2002, The Wilson Bulletin (114) 415-416
he breeding range of the Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) is thought to include only the northernmost portions of six northeastern and northcentral states in the United States. During a 10-year banding study of Kirtland's Warblers (Dendroica kirtlandii) in northern Lower Michigan, we caught 44 Bay-breasted Warblers outside of...
Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh
Charles T. Roman, Kenneth B. Raposa, Susan C. Adamowicz, Mary-Jane James-Pirri, J. G. Catena
2002, Restoration Ecology (10) 450-460
Tidal flow to salt marshes throughout the northeastern United States is often restricted by roads, dikes, impoundments, and inadequately sized culverts or bridge openings, resulting in altered ecological structure and function. In this study we evaluated the response of vegetation and nekton (fishes and decapod crustaceans) to restoration of full...
Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web
J.J. Luczkovich, G.P. Ward, James C. Johnson, R.R. Christian, D. Baird, H. Neckles, W.M. Rizzo
2002, Estuaries (25) 1143-1163
We established trophic guilds of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa using correspondence analysis and a hierarchical clustering strategy for a seagrass food web in winter in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. To create the diet matrix, we characterized the trophic linkages of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa. present in Hatodule wrightii seagrass...
Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States
Glenn R. Guntenspergen, S.A. Peterson, S.G. Leibowitz, L.M. Cowardin
2002, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (78) 229-252
We describe a study designed to evaluate the performance ofwetland condition indicators of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR)of the north central United States. Basin and landscape scaleindicators were tested in 1992 and 1993 to determine theirability to discriminate between the influences of grasslanddominated and cropland dominated landscapes in the PPR....
Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?
E. Danchin, E. Cam
2002, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (51) 153-163
Breeding habitat selection and dispersal are crucial processes that affect many components of fitness. Breeding dispersal entails costs, one of which has been neglected: dispersing animals may miss breeding opportunities because breeding dispersal requires finding a new nesting site and mate, two time- and energy-consuming activities. Dispersers are expected to...
Narrowing historical uncertainty: probabilistic classification of ambiguously identified tree species in historical forest survey data
D.J. Mladenoff, S.E. Dahir, E.V. Nordheim, L.A. Schulte, G.R. Guntenspergen
2002, Ecosystems (5) 539-553
Historical data have increasingly become appreciated for insight into the past conditions of ecosystems. Uses of such data include assessing the extent of ecosystem change; deriving ecological baselines for management, restoration, and modeling; and assessing the importance of past conditions on the composition and function of current systems....
Estimating state-transition probabilities for unobservable states using capture-recapture/resighting data
W. L. Kendall, J.D. Nichols
2002, Ecology (83) 3276-3284
Temporary emigration was identified some time ago as causing potential problems in capture-recapture studies, and in the last five years approaches have been developed for dealing with special cases of this general problem. Temporary emigration can be viewed more generally as involving transitions to and from an unobservable state,...
Producing progeny from endangered birds of prey: Treatment of urine-contaminated semen and a novel intramagnal insemination approach
J.M. Blanco, G.F. Gee, D.E. Wildt, A.M. Donoghue
2002, Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (33) 1-7
Wild raptors brought into an ex situ environment often have poor semen quality that is further compromised by urine contamination. Generally, it is believed that in birds, artificial insemination into the cloaca or caudal vagina of females requires large doses of high-quality spermatozoa to maximize fertility. In an effort to...
Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?
E.G. Cooch, E. Cam, W.A. Link
2002, Journal of Applied Statistics (29) 19-48
Evolutionary ecology is the study of evolutionary processes, and the ecological conditions that influence them. A fundamental paradigm underlying the study of evolution is natural selection. Although there are a variety of operational definitions for natural selection in the literature, perhaps the most general one is that which...
Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future
Robert S. Steneck, Michael H. Graham, Bruce J. Bourque, Debbie Corbett, Jon M. Erlandson, James A. Estes, M. J. Tegner
2002, Environmental Conservation (29) 436-459
Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case...
Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register
Charles A. Perry, David M. Wolock, Joshua C. Artman
2002, Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4292
The Kansas State Legislature, by enacting Kansas Statute KSA 82a-2001 et. seq., mandated the criteria for determining which Kansas stream segments would be subject to classification by the State. One criterion for the selection as a classified stream segment is based on the statistic of median flow being equal to...
Estimating the potential for submergence for two wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta
J.M. Rybczyk, Donald R. Cahoon
2002, Estuaries (25) 985-998
We used a combined field and modeling approach to estimate the potential for submergence for one rapidly deteriorating (Bayou Chitigue Marsh) and one apparently stable (Old Oyster Bayou Marsh) saltmarsh wetland in coastal Louisiana, given two eustatic sea level rise scenarios: the current rate (0.15 cm year−1); and the central...
Vulnerability assessment of a port and harbor community to earthquake and tsunami hazards: Integrating technical expert and stakeholder input
Nathan J. Wood, James W. Good, Robert F. Goodwin
2002, Natural Hazards Review (3) 148-157
Research suggests that the Pacific Northwest could experience catastrophic earthquakes and tsunamis in the near future, posing a significant threat to the numerous ports and harbors along the coast. A collaborative, multiagency initiative is underway to increase the resiliency of Pacific Northwest ports and harbors to these hazards, involving Oregon...
Dinosaurs that did not die: Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico
James E. Fassett, Robert A. Zielinski, James R. Budahn
2002, GSA Special Papers (356) 307-336
Palynologic and paleomagnetic data confirm a Paleocene age for the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (and its contained dinosaurs) throughout the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. The recently reported discovery of 34 skeletal elements from a single hadrosaur in the Ojo Alamo provides unequivocal evidence that these bones were not reworked...
Microbial transformation of elements: The case of arsenic and selenium
J. Stolz, P. Basu, R. Oremland
2002, International Microbiology (5) 201-207
Microbial activity is responsible for the transformation of at least one third of the elements in the periodic table. These transformations are the result of assimilatory, dissimilatory, or detoxification processes and form the cornerstones of many biogeochemical cycles. Arsenic and selenium are two elements whose roles in microbial ecology have...
Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America
Viki Bankey, Alejandro Cuevas, David Daniels, Carol A. Finn, Israel Hernandez, Patricia Hill, Robert Kucks, Warner Miles, Mark Pilkington, Carter Roberts, Walter Roest, Victoria Rystrom, Sarah Shearer, Stephen Snyder, Ronald E. Sweeney, Julio Velez, J. D. Phillips, D.K.A. Ravat
2002, Open-File Report 2002-414
The digital magnetic anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM). This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data...
Comparison of formation and fluid-column logs in a heterogeneous basalt aquifer
F.L. Paillet, J.H. Williams, D.S. Oki, K. D. Knutson
2002, Groundwater (40) 577-585
Deep observation boreholes in the vicinity of active production wells in Honolulu, Hawaii, exhibit the anomalous condition that fluid-column electrical conductivity logs and apparent profiles of pore-water electrical conductivity derived from induction conductivity logs are nearly identical if a formation factor of 12.5 is assumed. This condition is documented in...
Assessing satellite-derived start-of-season measures in the conterminous USA
Mark D. Schwartz, Bradley C. Reed, Michael A. White
2002, International Journal of Climatology (22) 1793-1805
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-series satellites, carrying advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) sensors, have allowed moderate resolution (1 km) measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to be collected from the Earth's land surfaces for over 20 years. Across the conterminous USA, a readily accessible and decade-long...
