A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs
Terry E. Creekmore, Tonie E. Rocke, J. Hurley
2002, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (38) 32-39
Laboratory and field studies were conducted between July and October 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or...
The Distribution of Giant Garter Snakes and Their Habitat in the Natomas Basin
Glenn D. Wylie, Michael L. Casazza, Lisa L. Martin
2002, Report
No abstract available at this time...
Investigations of Giant Garter Snakes in the Natomas Basin: 2002 Report
Glenn D. Wylie, Lisa L. Martin
2002, Report
No abstract available at this time...
Monitoring the recovery of Juncus roemerianus marsh burns with the normalized difference vegetation index and Landsat Thematic Mapper data
Elijah W. Ramsey III, S.K. Sapkota, F.G. Barnes, G.A. Nelson
2002, Wetlands Ecology and Management (10) 85-96
Nine atmospherically corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper images were used to generate mean normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) at 11 burn sites throughout a coastal Juncus roemerianus marsh in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Time-since-burn, the time lapse from the date of burn to the date of image collection, was...
Evaluating options for revegetation following a catastrophic fire in a Pinyon-Juniper community at Grand Canyon/Parashaunt National Monument, Arizona. Report to USDI-Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Strip District, St. George, Utah
S.J. Scoles, T. C. Esque, L.A. DeFalco, S.E. Eckert, D.F. Haines
2002, Report
No abstract available at this time...
Preface
M. Friend
2002, Hydrobiologia (473) vii-xii
This issue of Hydrobiologia brings together a series of papers resulting from an intensified effort to describe the current status of the physical and biological conditions present at California's Salton Sea. Most of the studies were contract investigations that were part of a project initiated in January 1998 to pursue...
Continental shelf GIS for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
F. L. Wong, S.L. Eittreim
2002, Marine Geology (181) 317-321
A marine sanctuary is an environment where the interests of science and society meet. Land and marine managers need access to the best scientific data available that describe the environment and environmental processes in sanctuaries. The sidescan sonar imagery, bathymetry, sample analyses and other data discussed in the papers in...
Isotope variations in a Sierra Nevada snowpack and their relation to meltwater
P.V. Unnikrishna, Jeffery J. McDonnell, C. Kendall
2002, Journal of Hydrology (260) 38-57
Isotopic variations in melting snow are poorly understood. We made weekly measurements at the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory, California, of snow temperature, density, water equivalent and liquid water volume to examine how physical changes within the snowpackgovern meltwater δ18O. Snowpack samples were extracted at 0.1 m intervals from ground level to the top of...
Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system
Hector R. Bravo, Feng Jiang, Randall J. Hunt
2002, Water Resources Research (38) 28-1-28-14
Parameter estimation is a powerful way to calibrate models. While head data alone are often insufficient to estimate unique parameters due to model nonuniqueness, flow‐and‐heat‐transport modeling can constrain estimation and allow simultaneous estimation of boundary fluxes and hydraulic conductivity. In this work, synthetic and field models that did not converge...
Immobilization of swift foxes with ketamine hydrochloride-xylazine hydrochloride
R.L. Telesco, Marsha A. Sovada
2002, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (38) 764-768
There is an increasing need to develop field immobilization techniques that allow researchers to handle safely swift foxes (Vulpes velox) with minimal risk of stress or injury. We immobilized captive swift foxes to determine the safety and effectiveness of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride at different dosages. We attempted to...
Isotopically exchangeable organic hydrogen in coal relates to thermal maturity and maceral composition
Maria Mastalerz, A. Schimmelmann
2002, Organic Geochemistry (33) 921-931
Hydrogen isotopic exchangeability (Hex) and ??Dn values of non-exchangeable organic hydrogen were investigated in coal kerogens ranging in rank from lignite to graphite. The relative abundance of Hex is highest in lignite with about 18% of total hydrogen being exchangeable, and decreases to around 2.5% in coals with Ro of...
Functional variability of habitats within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Restoration implications
L.V. Lucas, J. E. Cloern, J.K. Thompson, N.E. Monsen
2002, Ecological Applications (12) 1528-1547
We have now entered an era of large-scale attempts to restore ecological functions and biological communities in impaired ecosystems. Our knowledge base of complex ecosystems and interrelated functions is limited, so the outcomes of specific restoration actions are highly uncertain. One approach for exploring that uncertainty and anticipating the range...
Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska
Peter J. Haeussler, Timothy C. Best, Christopher F. Waythomas
2002, Geological Society of America Bulletin (114) 1296-1310
Most paleoseismic studies are at low to moderate latitudes. Here we present results from a high-latitude (61°30′ N) trenching study of the Castle Mountain fault in south-central Alaska. This fault is the only one known in the greater Anchorage, Alaska, area with historical seismicity and a Holocene fault scarp. It...
How sedge meadow soils, microtopography, and vegetation respond to sedimentation
K. J. Werner, Joy B. Zedler
2002, Wetlands (22) 451-466
The expansion of urban and agricultural activities in watersheds of the Midwestern USA facilitates the conversion of species-rich sedge meadows to stands of Phalaris arundinacea and Typha spp. We document the role of sediment accumulation in this process based on field surveys of three sedge meadows dominated by Carex stricta, their adjacent Phalaris or Typha stands, and transitions from Carex to...
Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah, USA
Jayne Belnap
2002, Biology and Fertility of Soils (35) 128-135
Biological soil crusts can be the dominant source of N for arid land ecosystems. We measured potential N fixation rates biweekly for 2 years, using three types of soil crusts: (1) crusts whose directly counted cells were >98% Microcoleus vaginatus (light crusts); (2) crusts dominated by M....
Cycling of beryllium and carbon through hillslope soils in Iowa
J.W. Harden, T. L. Fries, M.J. Pavich
2002, Biogeochemistry (60) 317-336
Isotopes of Be and C were used to reconstruct loess accumulation, hillslope evolution, and agricultural modification in soils of western Iowa. While both elements are derived from additions by the atmosphere (via plants in the case of carbon), the differences in element cycling allow erosional and depositional processes to be...
Landscape patterns as habitat predictors: Building and testing models for cavity-nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains of Utah, USA
J.J. Lawler, T.C. Edwards
2002, Landscape Ecology (17) 233-245
The ability to predict species occurrences quickly is often crucial for managers and conservation biologists with limited time and funds. We used measured associations with landscape patterns to build accurate predictive habitat models that were quickly and easily applied (i.e., required no additional data collection in the field to make...
A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds
R. B. Alexander, P.J. Johnes, E.W. Boyer, R. A. Smith
2002, Biogeochemistry (57-58) 295-339
We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process...
The influence of microclimates and fog on stable isotope signatures used in interpretation of regional hydrology: East Maui, Hawaii
M. A. Scholl, S. B. Gingerich, G.W. Tribble
2002, Journal of Hydrology (264) 170-184
Stable isotopes of precipitation, ground water and surface water measured on the windward side of East Maui from 0 to 3055 m altitude were used to determine recharge sources for stream flow and ground water. Correct interpretation of the hydrology using rainfall ??18O gradients with altitude required consideration of the...
Does Mallard clutch size vary with landscape composition?
I.J. Ball, M. J. Artmann, S. T. Hoekman
2002, The Wilson Bulletin (114) 404-406
We studied Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) nesting in artificial nesting structures in northeastern North Dakota and compared clutch size between landscapes where proportion of cropland was either high (mean = 68.9%, cropland landscapes) or low (mean = 30.2%, grassland landscapes). Mallard clutch size was significantly related to nest initiation date...
Relationship of gas hydrate concentration to porosity and reflection amplitude in a research well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Y.K. Jin, Myung W. Lee, T. S. Collett
2002, Marine and Petroleum Geology (19) 407-415
Well logs acquired at the Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well. Mackenzie Delta, Canada, reveal a distinct trend showing that the resistivity of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments increases with increases in density porosities. This trend, opposite to the general trend of decrease in resistivity with porosity, implies that gas hydrates are more...
Radiation pattern of a borehole radar antenna
K.J. Ellefsen, D.L. Wright
2002, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
To understand better how a borehole antenna radiates radar waves into a formation, this phenomenon is simulated numerically using the finite-difference, time-domain method. The simulations are of two different antenna models that include features like a driving point fed by a coaxial cable, resistive loading of the antenna, and a...
Alkylcyclohexanes in environmental geochemistry
F. D. Hostettler, K.A. Kvenvolden
2002, Environmental Forensics (3) 293-301
The n-alkylated cyclohexanes (CHs) are a homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds that are commonly present in crude oil and refinery products such as diesel fuel. These compounds exhibit specific distribution patterns for different fuel types, providing useful fingerprints for characterizing petroleum products, especially after degradation of n-alkanes has occurred. However,...
Characterization of arsenic species in microbial mats from an inactive gold mine
A. L. Foster, R. P. Ashley
2002, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2) 253-261
Filamentous cyanobacterial mats and Fe oxyhydroxide-rich bacterial mats collected near an inactive gold mine in California are enriched in arsenic (As) approximately 1000-fold relative to the waters in contact with them. The predominant organism in the cyanobacterial mat could not be identified using morphological characteristics, but the unique morphology of...
Accumulation rate and mixing of shelf sediments in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
R.C. Lewis, K.H. Coale, B. D. Edwards, M. Marot, J.N. Douglas, E.J. Burton
2002, Marine Geology (181) 157-169
The distribution of excess 210Pb in 31 sediment cores was used to determine modern (last 100 yr) mass accumulation rates and the depth of sediment mixing on the continental shelf between Pacifica and Monterey, California, USA. Apparent mass accumulation rates average 0.27 g cm-2 yr-1 and range from 0.42 g...
