West Nile Virus: A threat to North American avian species
R. G. McLean
2002, Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (67) 62-74
The introduction and extensive expansion of WNV in the US in the last three years is having a dramatic impact on native wildlife. The disease continues to cause significant mortality in a variety of bird species throughout the eastern US, particularly in American crow and blue jay populations. As the...
Using satellite telemetry to define spatial population structure in polar bears in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic
Mette Mauritzen, Andrew E. Derocher, Øystein Wiig, Stanislav Belikov, Andrei N. Boltunov, Gerald W. Garner
2002, Journal of Applied Ecology (39) 79-90
1. Animal populations, defined by geographical areas within a species’ distribution where population dynamics are largely regulated by births and deaths rather than by migration from surrounding areas, may be the correct unit for wildlife management. However, in heterogeneous landscapes varying habitat quality may yield subpopulations with distinct patterns in...
Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Marsh Wren
Amy L. Zimmerman, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Christopher M. Goldade, James O. Church, Betty R. Euliss
2002, Report
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the...
Does food availability affect energy expenditure rates of nesting seabirds? A supplemental-feeding experiment with Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)
Patrick G.R. Jodice, Daniel D. Roby, Scott A. Hatch, Verena A. Gill, Richard B. Lanctot, G. Henk Visser
2002, Canadian Journal of Zoology (80) 214-222
We used a supplemental-feeding experiment, the doubly labeled water technique, and a model-selection approach based upon the Akaike Information Criterion to examine effects of food availability on energy expenditure rates of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) raising young. Energy expenditure rates of supplementally fed females (n = 14) and males (n...
Modeling enhanced in situ denitrification in groundwater
M.W. Killingstad, M.A. Widdowson, R. L. Smith
2002, Journal of Environmental Engineering (128) 491-504
A two-dimensional numerical solute transport model was developed for simulating an enhanced in situ denitrification experiment performed in a nitrate-contaminated aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In this experiment, formate (HCOO-)">(HCOO-) was injected for a period of 26 days into the carbon-limited aquifer to stimulate denitrification....
Fitness consequences of nest desertion in an endangered host, the least Bell's vireo
Barbara E. Kus
2002, Condor (104) 795-802
Recent analyses of the impact of cowbird parasitism on host productivity suggest that while parasitism reduces productivity on a per-nest basis, the ability of pairs to desert parasitized nests and renest allows them to achieve productivity comparable to that of unparasitized pairs. This has implications for the management of several...
The 26 January 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Observed and predicted ground motions
S. E. Hough, S. Martin, R. Bilham, G. M. Atkinson
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2061-2079
Although local and regional instrumental recordings of the devastating 26, January 2001, Bhuj earthquake are sparse, the distribution of macroseismic effects can provide important constraints on the mainshock ground motions. We compiled available news accounts describing damage and other effects and interpreted them to obtain modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) at...
Continuously recording body temperature in terrestrial chelonians
K.E. Nussear, T. C. Esque, C.R. Tracy
2002, Herpetological Review (33) 113-115
The degree of interaction between mercury and cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides was determined by comparing enzyme responses to sublethal dosages of parathion or carbofuran in quail fed 0.05, 0.5, or 5.0 ppm morsodren for 18 weeks. A statistically significant interaction was defined as greater brain cholinesterase inhibition in morsodren-fed than in...
Gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling-Xiong'ershan region, Qinling mountains, central China
J. Mao, R.J. Goldfarb, Z. Zhang, W. Xu, Yumin Qiu, J. Deng
2002, Mineralium Deposita (37) 306-325
The gold-rich Xiaoqinling-Xiong'ershan region in eastern Shaanxi and western Henan provinces, central China, lies about 30-50 km inland of the southern margin of the North China craton. More than 100 gold deposits and occurrences are concentrated in the Xiaoqinling (west), Xiaoshan (middle), and Xiong'ershan (east) areas. Late Archean gneiss of...
Weighting observations in the context of calibrating ground-water models
M. C. Hill, C. R. Tiedeman
2002, Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica (46) 213-217
This paper investigates four issues related to weighting observations in the context of ground-water models calibrated with nonlinear regression: (1) terminology, (2) determining values for the weighting, (3) measurement and model errors, and (4) the effect weighting can have on the accuracy of calibrated models and measures of uncertainty. It...
The evolving benthic community
Janet K. Thompson
2002, Report, Science and strategies for restoration
No abstract available....
Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, and shortnose sturgeon, A; brevirostrum, with notes on social behavior
B. Kynard, Martin Horgan
2002, Environmental Biology of Fishes (63) 137-150
Ontogenetic behavior of Hudson River Atlantic sturgeon and Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon early life intervals were similar during laboratory observations. After hatching, free embryos were photonegative and sought cover. When embryos developed into larvae, fish left cover, were photopositive, and initiated downstream migration. Free embryos may remain at the spawning...
Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) during the non-breeding season: Spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale
Silke Nebel, David B. Lank, Patrick D. O'Hara, Guillermo Fernandez, Ben Haase, Francisco Delgado, Felipe A. Estela, Lesley J. Evans Ogden, Brian A. Harrington, Barbara E. Kus, James E. Lyons, Francine Mercier, Brent Ortego, John Y. Takekawa, Nils Warnock, Sarah E. Warnock
2002, The Auk (119) 922-928
The nonbreeding distribution of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) was documented using 19 data sets from 13 sites along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. Western Sandpipers showed latitudinal segregation with regard to sex and age. Females wintered farther south than males. A “U” shaped pattern was found with...
Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets breeding in the western Great Basin
S. M. Haig, L.W. Oring, P.M. Sanzenbacher, O.W. Taft
2002, Condor (104) 620-630
Western Willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus) were banded (n = 146 breeding adults and chicks) and radio-marked (n = 68 adults) at three western Great Basin wetland complexes to determine inter- and intraseasonal space use and movement patterns (primarily in 1998 and 1999). Birds were then tracked to overwintering sites where...
Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits
M. Rehkamper, M. Frank, J.R. Hein, D. Porcelli, A. Halliday, J. Ingri, V. Liebetrau
2002, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (197) 65-81
Results are presented for the first in-depth investigation of TI isotope variations in marine materials. The TI isotopic measurements were conducted by multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for a comprehensive suite of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts, diagenetic Fe-Mn nodules, hydrothermal manganese deposits and seawater samples. The natural variability of TI...
Management and conservation of San Francisco Bay salt ponds: effects of pond salinity, area, tide, and season on Pacific Flyway waterbirds
Nils Warnock, Gary W. Page, Tamiko D. Ruhlen, Nadav Nur, John Y. Takekawa, Janet T. Hanson
2002, Waterbirds (25) 79-92
Throughout the world, coastal salt ponds provide habitat for large numbers and diversities of water- birds. San Francisco Bay contains the most important coastal salt pond complexes for waterbirds in the United States, supporting more than a million waterbirds through the year. As an initial step in attempting to understand...
Estimating total human-caused mortality from reported mortality using data from radio-instrumented grizzly bears
S. Cherry, M.A. Haroldson, J. Robison-Cox, C.C. Schwartz
2002, Ursus (13) 175-184
Tracking mortality of the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is an essential issue of the recovery process. Problem bears removed by agencies are well documented. Deaths of radiocollared bears are known or, in many cases, can be reliably inferred. Additionally, the public reports an unknown proportion of deaths of uncollared bears....
The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement
C.D. Brower, A. Carpenter, M.L. Branigan, W. Calvert, T. Evans, Anthony S. Fischbach, J.A. Nagy, S. Schliebe, I. Stirling
2002, Arctic (55) 362-372
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since...
Mapping Chinese tallow with color-infrared photography
Elijah W. Ramsey III, G.A. Nelson, S.K. Sapkota, E.B. Seeger, K.D. Martella
2002, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (68) 251-255
Airborne color-infrared photography (CIR) (1:12,000 scale) was used to map localized occurrences of the widespread and aggressive Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum), an invasive species. Photography was collected during senescence when Chinese tallow's bright red leaves presented a high spectral contrast within the native bottomland hardwood and upland forests and marsh...
Using groundwater temperature data to constrain parameter estimation in a groundwater flow model of a wetland system
Hector R. Bravo, Feng Jiang, Randall J. Hunt
2002, Water Resources Research (38) 28-1-28-14
Parameter estimation is a powerful way to calibrate models. While head data alone are often insufficient to estimate unique parameters due to model nonuniqueness, flow‐and‐heat‐transport modeling can constrain estimation and allow simultaneous estimation of boundary fluxes and hydraulic conductivity. In this work, synthetic and field models that did not converge...
Age and origin of base and precious metal veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district, Idaho
R.J. Fleck, R.E. Criss, G.F. Eaton, R.W. Cleland, C.S. Wavra, W.D. Bond
2002, Economic Geology (97) 23-42
Ore-bearing quartz-carbonate veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.74 to >1.60 for low Rb/Sr, carbonate gangue minerals, similar to current ranges measured in Middle Proterozoic, high Rb/Sr rocks of the Belt Supergroup. Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies establish a genetic relationship between vein formation...
Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across north america: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions
Joy S. Clein, A. D. McGuire, X. Zhang, D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, S.C. Wofsy, P.G. Jarvis, J.M. Massheder
2002, Conference Paper, Plant and Soil
The role of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) interactions on sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in black spruce ecosystems across North America was evaluated with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) by applying parameterizations of the model in which C-N dynamics were either coupled or uncoupled. First, the performance of the parameterizations,...
Variable breeding phenology affects the exposure of amphibian embryos to ultraviolet radiation
P.S. Corn, E. Muths
2002, Ecology (83) 2958-2963
Reduced water depth in dry years has been proposed to interact with ultraviolet- B (UV-B) radiation and a pathogenic fungus to cause episodes of high mortality of amphibian embryos. Observations of breeding phenology of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) in Colorado from 1986 to 2001 show that dry years result...
An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River
Maria S. Sepulveda, William E. Johnson, J. C. Higman, N. D. Denslow, T. R. Schoeb, Timothy S. Gross
2002, Science of the Total Environment (289) 133-144
The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and agricultural development,...
Activity patterns and time budgets of the declining sea otter population at Amchitka Island, Alaska
Thomas S. Gelatt, Donald B. Siniff, James A. Estes
2002, Journal of Wildlife Management (66) 29-39
Time budgets of predators may reflect population status if time spent foraging varies with local prey abun- dance. We assumed that the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population at Amchitka Island, Alaska, USA, had been at equilibrium since the early 1960s and collected time budgets of otters to be used to...
