Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition
S.F. Browder, Douglas H. Johnson, I.J. Ball
2002, Ecological Indicators (2) 257-270
We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial...
Effects of an advanced temperature cycle on smolt development and endocrinology indicate that temperature is not a zeitgeber for smolting in Atlantic salmon
S. D. McCormick, J. M. Shrimpton, S. Moriyama, Bjorn Thrandur Bjornsson
2002, Journal of Experimental Biology (205) 3553-3560
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) juveniles were reared under simulated conditions of normal photoperiod (LDN) or short days (LD 9:15) and ambient temperature (AMB: normal temperature increases in April) or an advanced temperature cycle (ADV: temperature increases in February). Under both photoperiod conditions, the timing of increased and peak levels of...
Computer simulation of wolf-removal strategies for animal-damage control
R.G. Haight, L.E. Travis, K. Nimerfro, L.D. Mech
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 844-852
Because of the sustained growth of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in the western Great Lakes region of the United States, management agencies are anticipating gray wolf removal from the federal endangered species list and are proposing strategies for wolf management. Strategies are needed that would balance public demand...
In vitro toxicity and interactions of environmental contaminants (Arochlor 1254 and mercury) and immunomodulatory agents (lipopolysaccharide and cortisol) on thymocytes from lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Gregory G. Miller, Leonard I. Sweet, Jean V. Adams, Geneva M. Omann, Dora R. Passino-Reader, Peter G. Meier
2002, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (13) 11-26
The immunotoxicity of chemical combinations commonly encountered by the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) immune system was the focus of this study. It was hypothesised that combinations of an environmental contaminant (mercuric chloride or Aroclor 1254) and an immunomodulatory agent (bacterial endotoxin or cortisol) might interact to produce a greater toxicity...
Animal lifespan and human influence
Q. Guo, S. Yang
2002, Acta Ecologica Sinica (22) 1991-1994
Lifespan differs radically among organisms ever lived on earth, even among those roughly similar in size, shape, form, and physiology; Yet, in general, there exists a strong positive relationship between lifespan and body size. Although lifespans of humans and human-related (domestic) animals are becoming increasingly longer than that of other...
Wetland macroinvertebrates of Prentiss Bay, Lake Huron, Michigan: diversity and functional group composition
R.W. Merritt, M.E. Benbow, P.L. Hudson
2002, Great Lakes Entomologist (35) 149-160
The Great Lakes support many fish and waterbirds that depend directly or indirectly on coastal wetlands during some portion of their life cycle. It is known that macroinvertebrates make up an important part of wetland food webs and ecosystem function; however, our understanding of species distribution within and among...
Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties
F. Worrall, T. Besien, D.W. Kolpin
2002, Science of the Total Environment (299) 131-143
This study brings together extensive, multi-annual groundwater monitoring datasets from the UK and Midwestern US to test the relative importance of site (e.g. land use, soil and aquifer type) and chemical factors (e.g. solubility in water) and between and within year variations in controlling groundwater contamination by pesticides. ANOVA (general...
Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL
C.P. Rice, S.M. Chernyak, L. Begnoche, R. Quintal, J. Hickey
2002, Chemosphere (49) 731-737
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were identified in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines Rivers, IL. In the Detroit River fish, carp and large mouth bass, the congener patterns were dominated by the 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromo (BDE-47) congener; however, in Des Plaines River carp the dominant isomers were the...
Using species-specific paleotemperature equations with foraminifera: A case study in the Southern California Bight
B.E. Bemis, H.J. Spero, R.C. Thunell
2002, Marine Micropaleontology (46) 405-430
Species-specific paleotemperature equations were used to reconstruct a record of temperature from foraminiferal ??18O values over the last 25 kyr in the Southern California Bight. The equations yield similar temperatures for the ??18O values of Globigerina bulloides and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. In contrast, applying a single paleotemperature equation to G. bulloides...
Discussion comments on 'Evaluation of some random effects methodology applicable to bird ringing data' by Burnham and White
Douglas H. Johnson
2002, Journal of Applied Statistics (29) 265-266
No abstract available....
Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology
J. A. Moody, B.M. Troutman
2002, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (27) 1251-1266
The spatial variability of two fundamental morphological variables is investigated for rivers having a wide range of discharge (five orders of magnitude). The variables, water-surface width and average depth, were measured at 58 to 888 equally spaced cross-sections in channel links (river reaches between major tributaries). These measurements provide data...
Breeding season of wolves, Canis lupus, in relation to latitude
L. David Mech
2002, Canadian Field-Naturalist (116) 139
A significant relationship was found between Wolf (Canis lupus) breeding dates and latitudes between 12 deg. and 80 deg. N, with Wolves breeding earlier at lower latitudes, probably because of differences in seasonality....
δ13C values of soil organic matter in semiarid grassland with mesquite (Prosopis) encroachment in southeastern Arizona
Thomas H. Biggs, Jay Quade, Robert H. Webb
2002, Geoderma (110) 109-130
Over the past century, C3 woody plants and trees have increased in abundance in many semiarid ecosystems, displacing native C4 grasses. Livestock grazing, climatic fluctuations, and fire suppression are several reasons proposed for this shift. Soil carbon isotopic signatures are an ideal technique to evaluate carbon turnover rates in such...
Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in headwater streams
C.D. Snyder, J.A. Young, D. P. Lemarie, D. R. Smith
2002, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (59) 262-275
We conducted a comparative study in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to determine the potential long-term impacts of hemlock forest decline on stream benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Hemlock forests throughout eastern North America have been declining because of the hemlock woolly adelgid, an exotic insect pest. We found aquatic...
The 26 January 2001 M 7.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Observed and predicted ground motions
S. E. Hough, S. Martin, R. Bilham, G. M. Atkinson
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2061-2079
Although local and regional instrumental recordings of the devastating 26, January 2001, Bhuj earthquake are sparse, the distribution of macroseismic effects can provide important constraints on the mainshock ground motions. We compiled available news accounts describing damage and other effects and interpreted them to obtain modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) at...
Deep space 1 mission and observation of comet Borrellly
M. Lee, R.J. Weidner, L.A. Soderblom
2002, Conference Paper, Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
The NASA's new millennium program (NMP) focuses on testing high-risk, advanced technologies in space with low-cost flights. The objective of the NMP technology validation missions is to enable future science missions. The NMP missions are technology-driven, with the principal requirements coming from the needs of the advanced technologies that form...
Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric stability and absolute calibration
B. L. Markham, J. L. Barker, J. A. Barsi, E. Kaita, K. J. Thome, D. L. Helder, Frank Don Palluconi, J. R. Schott, Pat Scaramuzza
Fujisada H.Lurie J.B.Aten M.L.Weber K., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Launched in April 1999, the Landsat-7 ETM+ instrument is in its fourth year of operation. The quality of the acquired calibrated imagery continues to be high, especially with respect to its three most important radiometric performance parameters: reflective band instrument stability to better than ??1%, reflective band absolute calibration to...
Sampling effort affects multivariate comparisons of stream assemblages
Y. Cao, D. P. Larsen, R. M. Hughes, P. L. Angermeier, T. M. Patton
2002, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (21) 701-714
Multivariate analyses are used widely for determining patterns of assemblage structure, inferring species–environment relationships and assessing human impacts on ecosystems. The estimation of ecological patterns often depends on sampling effort, so the degree to which sampling effort affects the outcome of multivariate analyses is a concern. We examined the effect...
Leaf cellulose δD and δ18O trends with elevation differ in direction among co-occurring, semiarid plant species
Vallery J. Terwilliger, Julio L. Betancourt, Steven W. Leavitt, Peter K. Van De Water
2002, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (66) 3887-3900
The potential to reconstruct paleoclimate from analyses of stable isotopes in fossil leaf cellulose could be enhanced by adequate calibration. This potential is likely to be particularly great in mid-latitude deserts, where a rich store of fossil leaves is available from rodent middens. Trends in ??D and ??18O of leaf...
Structure and physical characteristics of pumice from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon
C. Klug, K. Cashman, Charles R. Bacon
2002, Bulletin of Volcanology (64) 486-501
The vesicularity, permeability, and structure of pumice clasts provide insight into conditions of vesiculation and fragmentation during Plinian fall and pyroclastic flow-producing phases of the ~7,700 cal. year B.P. climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon. We show that bulk properties (vesicularity and permeability) can be correlated with internal textures...
The effect of the new Massachusetts Bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments
Michael H. Bothner, M.A. Casso, R.R. Rendigs, P. J. Lamothe
2002, Marine Pollution Bulletin (44) 1063-1070
Since the new outfall for Boston's treated sewage effluent began operation on September 6, 2000, no change has been observed in concentrations of silver or Clostridium perfringens spores (an ecologically benign tracer of sewage), in bottom sediments at a site 2.5 km west of the outfall. In suspended sediment samples...
Cirsium nuttallii (Asteraceae: Cynareae) new to North Carolina and an illustrated key to southeastern congeners
A. Krings, R. Westbrooks, J. Lloyd
2002, SIDA, Contributions to Botany (20) 845-848
Cirsium nuttallii (Asteraceae) is documented for North Carolina. The species had previously been known from Florida to South Carolina and from disjunct populations in Virginia. An illustrated key is provided to aid others in the diagnosis of Cirsium in North Carolina and the southeast....
The flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi
A. Leidolf, S. McDaniel, T. Nuttle
2002, SIDA, Contributions to Botany (20) 691-765
We surveyed the flora of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, U.S.A., from February 1994 to 1996. Occupying 118 square kilometers in east-central Mississippi, Oktibbeha County lies among 3 physiographic regions that include, from west to east, Interior Flatwoods, Pontotoc Ridge, and Black Prairie. Accordingly, the county harbors a diverse flora. Based on...
Miocene extension and fault-related folding in the Highland Range, southern Nevada: A three-dimensional perspective
J. E. Faulds, E.L. Olson, S. S. Harlan, W. C. McIntosh
2002, Journal of Structural Geology (24) 861-886
The Highland Range of southern Nevada contains a major anticline and syncline that constitute the westernmost segments of the Black Mountains accommodation zone in the highly extended Colorado River extensional corridor. The folds are defined by thick tilted sections of Miocene volcanic and sedimentary strata that accumulated immediately prior to...
Assessing browse trend at the landscape level Part 2: Monitoring
R.B. Keigley, M.R. Frisina, C.W. Fager
2002, Rangelands (24) 34-38
In Part 1, we assessed browse trend across a wide geographic area of Mt. Haggin Wildlife Management Area by conducting surveys of browsing-related architectures. Those data were qualitative. Below we describe the periodic collection of quantitative data from permanently marked locations; we refer to this phase of the trend assessment...
