An upwelling model for the Phosphoria sea: A Permian, ocean-margin sea in the northwest United States
D.Z. Piper, P. K. Link
2002, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (86) 1217-1235
The Permian Phosphoria Formation, a petroleum source rock and world-class phosphate deposit, was deposited in an epicratonic successor basin on the western margin of North America. We calculate the seawater circulation in the basin during deposition of the lower ore zone in the Meade Peak Member from the accumulation rates...
Evidence from uranium-series-dated speleothems for the timing of the penultimate deglaciation of northwestern Europe
I.J. Winograd
2002, Quaternary Research (58) 60-61
[No abstract available]...
Radiation pattern of a borehole radar antenna
K.J. Ellefsen, D.L. Wright
2002, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
To understand better how a borehole antenna radiates radar waves into a formation, this phenomenon is simulated numerically using the finite-difference, time-domain method. The simulations are of two different antenna models that include features like a driving point fed by a coaxial cable, resistive loading of the antenna, and a...
Transport of suspended solids from a karstic to an alluvial aquifer: The role of the karst/alluvium interface
N. Massei, M. Lacroix, H.Q. Wang, B.J. Mahler, J.P. Dupont
2002, Journal of Hydrology (260) 88-101
This study focuses on the coupled transport of dissolved constituents and particulates, from their infiltration on a karst plateau to their discharge from a karst spring and their arrival at a well in an alluvial plain. Particulate markers were identified and the transport of solids was characterised in situ in...
Revised ages for tuffs of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Assignment of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff to a new geomagnetic polarity event
M. A. Lanphere, D.E. Champion, R.L. Christiansen, G. A. Izett, J. D. Obradovich
2002, Geological Society of America Bulletin (114) 559-568
40Ar/39Ar ages were determined on the three major ash-flow tuffs of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field in the region of Yellowstone National Park in order to improve the precision of previously determined ages. Total-fusion and incremental- heating ages of sanidine yielded the following mean ages: Huckleberry Ridge Tuff—2.059 ± 0.004...
Chemical transport from paired agricultural and restored prairie watersheds
Keith E. Schilling
2002, Journal of Environmental Quality (31) 1184-1193
A five-year record of streamflow and chemical sampling data was evaluated to assess the effects of large-scale prairie restoration on transport of NO3–N, Cl, and SO4 loads from paired 5000-ha watersheds located in Jasper County, Iowa. Water quality conditions monitored during land use conversion from row crop agriculture to native prairie...
Subsurface fluid pressures from drill-stem tests, Uinta Basin, Utah
P. H. Nelson
2002, Mountain Geologist (39) 17-26
High fluid pressures are known to be associated with oil and gas fields in the Uinta Basin, Utah. Shut-in pressure measurements from drill-stem tests show how pressure varies with depth and by area within the basin. The data base used in this report incorporates over 2,000 pressure measurements from drill-stem...
Porometric properties of siliciclastic marine sand: A comparison of traditional laboratory measurements with image analysis and effective medium modeling
A.H. Reed, K.B. Briggs, D. L. Lavoie
2002, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (27) 581-592
During the 1999 sediment acoustics experiment (SAX99), porometric properties were measured and predicted for a well sorted, medium sand using standard laboratory geotechnical methods and image analysis of resin-impregnated sediments. Sediment porosity measured by laboratory water-weight-loss methods (0.372 ?? 0.0073 for mean ??1 standard deviation) is 0.026 lower than determined...
Volatiles in basaltic glasses from a subglacial volcano in northern British Columbia (Canada): Implications for ice sheet thickness and mantle volatiles
J.E. Dixon, J.R. Filiberto, J.G. Moore, C.J. Hickson
2002, Geological Society Special Publication 255-271
Dissolved H2O, CO2, S and Cl concentrations were measured in glasses from Tanzilla Mountain, a 500 m-high, exposed subglacial volcano from the Tuya-Teslin region, north central British Columbia, Canada. The absence of a flat-topped subaerial lava cap and the dominance of pillows and pillow breccias imply that the Tanzilla Mountain...
Relations between soil moisture and satellite vegetation indices in the U.S. Corn Belt
Jimmy O. Adegoke, A.M. Carleton
2002, Journal of Hydrometeorology (3) 395-405
Satellite-derived vegetation indices extracted over locations representative of midwestern U.S. cropland and forest for the period 1990–94 are analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the indices to neutron probe soil moisture measurements of the Illinois Climate Network (ICN). The deseasoned (i.e., departures from multiyear mean annual cycle) soil moisture measurements...
Seismological evidence for a sub-volcanic arc mantle wedge beneath the Denali volcanic gap, Alaska
D.E. McNamara, M.E. Pasyanos
2002, Geophysical Research Letters (29) 61-1-61-4
Arc volcanism in Alaska is strongly correlated with the 100 km depth contour of the western Aluetian Wadati-Benioff zone. Above the eastern portion of the Wadati-Benioff zone however, there is a distinct lack of volcanism (the Denali volcanic gap). We observe high Poisson's ratio values (0.29-0.33) over the entire length...
Mercury deposition in snow near an industrial emission source in the western U.S. and comparison to ISC3 model predictions
M.L. Abbott, D. D. Susong, D. P. Krabbenhoft, A.S. Rood
2002, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (139) 95-114
Mercury (total and methyl) was evaluated in snow samples collected near a major mercury emission source on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) insoutheastern Idaho and 160 km downwind in Teton Range in westernWyoming. The sampling was done to assess near-field (<12 km)deposition rates around the source,...
The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: Associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve
M. J. Adams, R. Bruce Bury
2002, Global Ecology and Biogeography (11) 169-178
We used a large forested preserve (Olympic National Park, USA) to examine the habitat associations of a unique and environmentally sensitive stream amphibian fauna: Ascaphus truei Stegneger, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige) and Dicamptodon copei Nussbaum. We quantified the relative abundance of stream amphibians and compared them to physical, topographic, climatic and...
Terrestrial and stream amphibians across clearcut-forest interfaces in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon
Roman Biek, L. Scott Mills, R. Bruce Bury
2002, Northwest Science (76) 129-140
Timber harvest in the Pacific Northwest has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape. but there is no information on responses of amphibians to forest edges for this region. We investigated abundance of terrestrial and stream-dwelling amphibians on the interface of recent clearcuts and mature forest in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon,...
A comparison of models for estimating the riverine export of nitrogen from large watersheds
R. B. Alexander, P.J. Johnes, E.W. Boyer, R. A. Smith
2002, Biogeochemistry (57-58) 295-339
We evaluated the accuracy of six watershed models of nitrogen export in streams (kg km2 yr-1) developed for use in large watersheds and representing various empirical and quasi-empirical approaches described in the literature. These models differ in their methods of calibration and have varying levels of spatial resolution and process...
Contaminants in arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice
J.R. Garbarino, E. Snyder-Conn, T.J. Leiker, G. L. Hoffman
2002, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (139) 183-214
Snow cores were collected over sea ice from four northwest Alaskan Arctic estuaries that represented the annual snowfall from the 1995-1996 season. Dissolved trace metals, major cations and anions, total mercury, and organochlorine compounds were determined and compared to concentrations in previous arctic studies. Traces (<4 nanograms per liter, ng...
Comparison of soil bacterial communities in rhizospheres of three plant species and the interspaces in an arid grassland
Cheryl R. Kuske, Lawrence O. Ticknor, Mark E. Miller, John M. Dunbar, Jody A. Davis, Susan M. Barns, Jayne Belnap
2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (68) 1854-1863
Soil bacteria are important contributors to primary productivity and nutrient cycling in arid land ecosystems, and their populations may be greatly affected by changes in environmental conditions. In parallel studies, the composition of the total bacterial community and of members of the Acidobacterium division were assessed in arid grassland soils...
Strike-slip earthquakes in the oceanic lithosphere: Observations of exceptionally high apparent stress
George Choy, Art McGarr
2002, Geophysical Journal International (150) 506-523
The radiated energies, ES, and seismic moments, M0, for 942 globally distributed earthquakes that occurred between 1987 to 1998 are examined to find the earthquakes with the highest apparent stresses (τa=μES/M0, where μ is the modulus of rigidity). The globally averaged τa for shallow earthquakes in all tectonic environments and seismic regions is...
Pintails on the move
M. Miller, J. Fleskes, D. Orthmeyer, John Y. Takekawa, Michael L. Casazza, B. Perry
2002, California Waterfowl 8, 10-13
No abstract available at this time...
Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California
J.E. Spallholz, D. J. Hoffman
2002, Aquatic Toxicology (57) 65-84
Selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. Complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs Se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s)...
The cascading effects of fire exclusion in Rocky Mountain ecosystems
R.E. Keane, K.C. Ryan, T. Veblen, Craig D. Allen, J. Logan, B. Hawkes
Jill Baron, editor(s)
2002, Book chapter, Rocky Mountain futures: An ecological perspective
No abstract available....
Collaborative approaches to the evolution of migration and the development of science-based conservation in shorebirds
Brian A. Harrington, S. Brown, James Corven, Jonathan Bart
2002, The Auk (119) 914-921
Shorebirds are among the most highly migratory creatures on earth. Both the study of their ecology and ongoing efforts to conserve their populations must reflect this central aspect of their biology. Many species of shorebirds use migration and staging sites scattered throughout the hemisphere to complete their annual migrations between...
Trends in midwinter counts of bald eagles in the contiguous United States, 1986-2000
Karen Steenhof, Laura Bond, Kirk K. Bates, Lynda L. Leppert
2002, Bird Populations (6) 21-32
We estimated statewide, regional, and national trends in counts of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) along selected routes in the contiguous United States during midwinter, 1986-2000. Each January, several hundred observers collected data as part of a survey initiated by the National Wildlife Federation in 1979. To analyze these data, we...
Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America
Jason B. Dunham, Susan B. Adams, Robert Schroeter, Douglas C. Novinger
2002, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (12) 373-391
Experience from case studies of biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems has motivated a set of proposed empirical “rules” for understanding patterns of invasion and impacts on native species. Further evidence is needed to better understand these patterns, and perhaps contribute to a useful predictive theory of invasions. We reviewed the...
Landscapes to riverscapes: bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes
Kurt D. Fausch, Christian E. Torgersen, Colden V. Baxter, Hiram W. Li
2002, BioScience (52) 483-498
Rivers and streams, by their very nature long ribbons of aquatic habitat, are inherently difficult to study. Approaching the banks of a flowing-water (lotic) system, one can see only a short fragment of the entire stream, from one bend to another, and can gain little appreciation for important features that lie...
