Inhibition of erythrocytes δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in fish from waters affected by lead smelters
Christopher J. Schmitt, Colleen A. Caldwell, Bill Olsen, Dave Serdar, Mike Coffey
2002, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (77) 99-119
We assessed the effects on fish of lead (Pb) released to streamsby smelters located in Trail, BC (Canada), E. Helena, MT, Herculaneum, MO, and Glover, MO. Fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for δ-aminolevulinic acid...
Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system
J. Verdin, R. Klaver
2002, Hydrological Processes (16) 1617-1630
Rainfall monitoring is a regular activity of food security analysts for sub-Saharan Africa due to the potentially disastrous impact of drought. Crop water accounting schemes are used to track rainfall timing and amounts relative to phenological requirements, to infer water limitation impacts on yield. Unfortunately, many rain gauge reports are...
Calibration and temperature correction of heat dissipation matric potential sensors
A. L. Flint, G. S. Campbell, K. M. Ellett, C. Calissendorff
2002, Soil Science Society of America Journal (66) 1439-1445
This paper describes how heat dissipation sensors, used to measure soil water matric potential, were analyzed to develop a normalized calibration equation and a temperature correction method. Inference of soil matric potential depends on a correlation between the variable thermal conductance of the sensor's porous ceramic and matric potential. Although...
Demographic consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding in Arnica montana: A field experiment
S.H. Luijten, M. Kery, J.G.B. Oostermeijer, Nijs H.J.C.M. Den
2002, Journal of Ecology (90) 593-603
1. The genetic constitution of populations may significantly affect demography. Founder populations or isolated remnants may show inbreeding depression, while established populations can be strongly adapted to the local environment. Gene exchange between populations can lead to better performance if heterozygosity levels are restored (heterosis), or to reduced performance if...
Helping at a Henslow's Sparrow nest in Wisconsin
Michael J. Guzy, Christine A. Ribic, David W. Sample
2002, The Wilson Bulletin (114) 407-409
We document the first reported observation of helping at the nest of a Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii). Video surveillance recorded two unbanded adults (a presumed male and female) and one banded adult male feeding chicks. No intraspecific aggression among the adults was observed....
How often do fishes "run on empty"?
D.A. Arrington, K.O. Winemiller, W.F. Loftus, S. Akin
2002, Ecology (83) 2145-2151
We used a large data set of African, Neotropical, and North American fishes to examine the frequency with which fishes have empty stomachs (nspecies = 254; nindividuals = 36 875). Mean percentage of empty stomachs was low across all fishes (16.2 ± 1.2%) but varied from 0% to 79.4% among individual species. Nocturnal fishes...
Magnetic fields over active tectonic zones in ocean
Yu. A. Kopytenko, P.M. Serebrianaya, L.V. Nikitina, A.W. Green
2002, Journal of Geodynamics (33) 489-496
The aim of our work is to estimate the electromagnetic effects that can be detected in the submarine zones with hydrothermal activity. It is known that meso-scale flows appear in the regions over underwater volcanoes or hot rocks. Their origin is connected with heat flux and hot jets released from...
Book Review: The raptor almanac, by Scott Weidensaul
Karen Steenhof
2002, Journal of Raptor Research (36) 87-88
No abstract available....
Operating the EOSDIS at the land processes DAAC managing expectations, requirements, and performance across agencies, missions, instruments, systems, and user communities
T. A. Kalvelage
Barnes W.L., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper
NASA developed the Earth Observing System (EOS) during the 1990'S. At the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), located at the USGS EROS Data Center, the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is required to support heritage missions as well as Landsat 7, Terra, and Aqua. The original...
Impacts of climate change on the global forest sector
J. Perez-Garcia, L.A. Joyce, A. D. McGuire, X. Xiao
2002, Climatic Change (54) 439-461
The path and magnitude of future anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide will likely influence changes in climate that may impact the global forest sector. These responses in the global forest sector may have implications for international efforts to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. This study takes a step...
Primary modes and predictability of year-to-year snowpack variations in the Western United States from teleconnections with Pacific Ocean climate
G.J. McCabe, M. D. Dettinger
2002, Journal of Hydrometeorology (3) 13-25
Snowpack, as measured on 1 April, is the primary source of warm-season streamflow for most of the western United States and thus represents an important source of water supply. An understanding of climate factors that influence the variability of this water supply and thus its predictability is important for water...
Historical and modern distributions of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California
M. McGann
2002, Marine Geology (181) 115-156
Historical (early 1930s) and modern samples provide a detailed account of the spatial distribution of benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California. Ten species among a total of 110 present dominated the 110 samples investigated in the historical study. A cluster analysis of the foraminiferal abundances in...
Economic and ecological impacts of abrupt climate change
U.S. National Research Council
2002, Book chapter, Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises
Most studies of the potential ecological and economic impacts of climate change and greenhouse warming have focused on scenarios that involve gradual climate change. Accumulating evidence from the paleosciences, however, shows that the patterns of change suggested by projections of future climate change are not representative of past climatic changes...
Forage quantity and quality
Janet C. Jorgenson, Mark S. Udevitz, Nancy A. Felix
David C. Douglas, Patricia E. Reynolds, E. B. Rhode, editor(s)
2002, Biological Science Report 2002-0001-5
The Porcupine caribou herd has traditionally used the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, for calving. Availability of nutritious forage has been hypothesized as one of the reasons the Porcupine caribou herd migrates hundreds of kilometers to reach the coastal plain for calving (Kuropat and Bryant 1980,...
Re-analysis of a banding study to test the effects of an experimental increase in bag limits of mourning doves
David L. Otis, Gary C. White
2002, Journal of Applied Statistics (29) 479-495
In 1966-1971, eastern US states with hunting seasons on mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) participated in a study designed to estimate the effects of bag limit increases on population survival rates. More than 400 000 adult and juvenile birds were banded and released during this period, and subsequent harvest and return...
Ospreys in Oregon and the Pacific Northwest
Charles J. Henny, James L. Kaiser, Robert A. Grove
2002, Fact Sheet 153-02
From early April through September each year, famous residents grace the small western town of Corvallis, Oregon. Two ospreys have become mascots of the town since the pair's arrival in 1994. Their nest, built on a 90-foot power pole near the twin bridges over the Willamette River, could be seen...
Respiratory strategy is a major determinant of [3H]water and [14C]chlorpyrifos uptake in aquatic insects
D.B. Buchwalter, J.J. Jenkins, L.R. Curtis
2002, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (59) 1315-1322
Despite the extensive use of aquatic insects to evaluate freshwater ecosystem health, little is known about the underlying factors that result in sensitivity differences between taxa. Organismal characteristics (respiratory strategy and body size) were used to explore the rates of [3H]H2O and [14)C]chlorpyrifos accumulation in aquatic insects. Ten aquatic insect...
Assessment of hydrocarbon source rock potential of Polish bituminous coals and carbonaceous shales
M.J. Kotarba, J.L. Clayton, D. D. Rice, M. Wagner
2002, Chemical Geology (184) 11-35
We analyzed 40 coal samples and 45 carbonaceous shale samples of varying thermal maturity (vitrinite reflectance 0.59% to 4.28%) from the Upper Carboniferous coal-bearing strata of the Upper Silesian, Lower Silesian, and Lublin basins, Poland, to evaluate their potential for generation and expulsion of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. We evaluated...
Spatial and temporal distribution of contaminated, effluent-affected sediment on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California
H.J. Lee, C. R. Sherwood, D.E. Drake, B. D. Edwards, F. Wong, M. Hamer
2002, Continental Shelf Research (22) 859-880
A sedimentary deposit on the continental margin near the Palos Verdes Peninsula, California is comprised of sewage effluent and geologic materials and is contaminated with metals, pesticides (including DDT and associated compounds), and PCBs. The deposit was mapped with subbottom acoustic profilers, and sediment cores were analyzed for geochemical and...
Fish communities of the Sacramento River Basin: Implications for conservation of native fishes in the Central Valley, California
J. T. May, L. R. Brown
2002, Environmental Biology of Fishes (63) 373-388
The associations of resident fish communities with environmental variables and stream condition were evaluated at representative sites within the Sacramento River Basin, California between 1996 and 1998 using multivariate ordination techniques and by calculating six fish community metrics. In addition, the results of the current study were compared with recent...
Differential use of a Wolf, Canis lupus, pack territory edge and core
L.D. Mech, E. K. Harper
2002, Canadian Field-Naturalist (116) 315-316
Based on 418 radio-locations of a Minnesota Wolf pack, Wolves were found at significantly fewer locations per area in the outer 2 km of the territory than in the core. This finding supports an hypothesis that buffer zones exist between pack territories and may explain why prey survive longer there....
Percolation flux and Transport velocity in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada
I.C. Yang
2002, Applied Geochemistry (17) 807-817
The percolation flux for borehole USW UZ-14 was calculated from 14C residence times of pore water and water content of cores measured in the laboratory. Transport velocity is calculated from the depth interval between two points divided by the difference in 14C residence times. Two methods were used to calculate...
The western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) in the Mojave River, California, USA: Highly adapted survivor or tenuous relict?
J. Lovich, K. Meyer
2002, Journal of Zoology (256) 537-545
Aspects of the ecology of populations of the western pond turtle Clemmys marmorata were investigated in the Mojave River of the central Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A. One population occupied man-made ponds and the other occurred in natural ponds in the flood plain of the Mojave River. Both habitats are severely degraded as...
The National Vegetation Classification Standard applied to the remote sensing classification of two semiarid environments
Elijah W. Ramsey III, G.A. Nelson, D. Echols, S.K. Sapkota
2002, Environmental Management (29) 703-715
The National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS) was implemented at two US National Park Service (NPS) sites in Texas, the Padre Island National Seashore (PINS) and the Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LM-NRA), to provide information for NPS oil and gas management plans. Because NVCS landcover classifications did not exist for...
Environmental geochemistry of abandoned mercury mines in West-Central Nevada, USA
J. E. Gray, J.G. Crock, D.L. Fey
2002, Conference Paper, Applied Geochemistry
The Humboldt River is a closed basin and is the longest river in Nevada. Numerous abandoned Hg mines are located within the basin, and because Hg is a toxic heavy metal, the potential transport of Hg from these mines into surrounding ecosystems, including the Humboldt River, is of environmental concern...
