Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a facultative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoautotroph, strain MLHE-1
Ronald S. Oremland, S.E. Hoeft, J.M. Santini, N. Bano, R.A. Hollibaugh, J.T. Hollibaugh
2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (68) 4795-4802
Arsenite [As(III)]-enriched anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, produced arsenate [As(V)] during incubation with either nitrate or nitrite. No such oxidation occurred in killed controls or in live samples incubated without added nitrate or nitrite. A small amount of biological As(III) oxidation...
Earthquakes
S. E. Hough
2002, Geotimes (47) 12-17
[No abstract available]...
Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic significance of biogenic structures from a late Paleozoic marginal- to open-marine reservoir, Morrow Sandstone, subsurface of southwest Kansas, USA
L.A. Buatois, M.G. Mangano, A. Alissa, T.R. Carr
2002, Sedimentary Geology (152) 99-132
Integrated ichnologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic studies of cores and well logs from Lower Pennsylvanian oil and gas reservoirs (lower Morrow Sandstone, southwest Kansas) allow distinction between fluvio-estuarine and open marine deposits in the Gentzler and Arroyo fields. The fluvio-estuarine facies assemblage is composed of both interfluve and valley-fill deposits, encompassing...
Weighting observations in the context of calibrating ground-water models
M. C. Hill, C. R. Tiedeman
2002, Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica (46) 213-217
This paper investigates four issues related to weighting observations in the context of ground-water models calibrated with nonlinear regression: (1) terminology, (2) determining values for the weighting, (3) measurement and model errors, and (4) the effect weighting can have on the accuracy of calibrated models and measures of uncertainty. It...
A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes
Thomas C. Hanks, W. H. Bakun
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 1841-1846
The Wells and Coppersmith (1994) M-log A data set for continental earthquakes (where M is moment magnitude and A is fault area) and the regression lines derived from it are widely used in seismic hazard analysis for estimating M, given A. Their relations are well determined, whether for the full...
Seasonal patterns in the soil water balance of a Spartina marsh site at North Inlet, South Carolina, USA
L. R. Gardner, Howard W. Reeves
2002, Wetlands (22) 467-477
Time series of ground-water head at a mid-marsh site near North Inlet, South Carolina, USA can be classified into five types of forcing signatures based on the dominant water flux governing water-level dynamics during a given time interval. The fluxes that can be recognized are recharge by tides and rain,...
Fish assemblages and environmental variables associated with hard-rock mining in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, Idaho
Terry R. Maret, Dorene E. MacCoy
2002, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (131) 865-884
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program, fish assemblages, environmental variables, and associated mine densities were evaluated at 18 test and reference sites during the summer of 2000 in the Coeur d'Alene and St. Regis river basins in Idaho and Montana. Multimetric and multivariate analyses...
Groundwater contamination downstream of a contaminant penetration site. II. Horizontal penetration of the contaminant plume
H. Rubin, R. W. Buddemeier
2002, Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering (37) 1813-1839
Part I of this study (Rubin, H.; Buddemeier, R.W. Groundwater Contamination Downstream of a Contaminant Penetration Site Part 1: Extension-Expansion of the Contaminant Plume. J. of Environmental Science and Health Part A (in press).) addressed cases, in which a comparatively thin contaminated region represented by boundary layers (BLs) developed within...
Persistent organochlorine pollutants in ringed seals and polar bears collected from northern Alaska
J.R. Kucklick, W.D.J. Struntz, P.R. Becker, G.W. York, T. M. O'Hara, J.E. Bohonowych
2002, Science of the Total Environment (287) 45-59
Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n=8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n=5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology...
Locally refined block-centred finite-difference groundwater models: Evaluation of parameter sensitivity and the consequences for inverse modelling
S. Mehl, M. C. Hill
2002, IAHS-AISH Publication 227-232
Models with local grid refinement, as often required in groundwater models, pose special problems for model calibration. This work investigates the calculation of sensitivities and the performance of regression methods using two existing and one new method of grid refinement. The existing local grid refinement methods considered are: (a) a...
Annual emissions of mercury to the atmosphere from natural sources in Nevada and California
M.F. Coolbaugh, M.S. Gustin, J. J. Rytuba
2002, Environmental Geology (42) 338-349
The impact of natural source emissions on atmospheric mercury concentrations and the biogeochemical cycle of mercury is not known. To begin to assess this impact, mercury emissions to the atmosphere were scaled up for three areas naturally enriched in mercury: the Steamboat Springs geothermal area, Nevada, the New Idria mercury...
An approach to estimating river discharge from space
D.M. Bjerklie, S.L. Dingman, C. J. Vorosmarty, C.H. Bolster, R.G. Congalton
Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper, Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods
Multiple-regression analyses of hydraulic data from more than 1,000 discharge measurements, ranging in magnitude from over 200,000 to less than 1 m3/s, were used to develop generally applicable equations that use potentially observable variables to estimate river discharge using remote sensing techniques. Measurement uncertainty analysis indicates that existing satellite-based sensors...
Increased selenium threat as a result of invasion of the exotic bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis into the San Francisco Bay-Delta
R.G. Linville, S. N. Luoma, L. Cutter, G.A. Cutter
2002, Aquatic Toxicology (57) 51-64
Following the aggressive invasion of the bivalve, Potamocorbula amurensis, in the San Francisco Bay-Delta in 1986, selenium contamination in the benthic food web increased. Concentrations in this dominant (exotic) bivalve in North Bay were three times higher in 1995–1997 than in earlier studies, and 1990...
Variation in foraging behavior and body mass in broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica): Evidence for interspecific density dependence
Joel A. Schmutz, K.K. Laing
2002, The Auk (119) 996-1009
Broods of geese spend time feeding according to availability and quality of food plants, subject to inherent foraging and digestive constraints. We studied behavioral patterns of broods of Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and examined how feeding and alert behavior varied in relation to habitat and...
Thallium isotope variations in seawater and hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal ferromanganese deposits
M. Rehkamper, M. Frank, J.R. Hein, D. Porcelli, A. Halliday, J. Ingri, V. Liebetrau
2002, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (197) 65-81
Results are presented for the first in-depth investigation of TI isotope variations in marine materials. The TI isotopic measurements were conducted by multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for a comprehensive suite of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts, diagenetic Fe-Mn nodules, hydrothermal manganese deposits and seawater samples. The natural variability of TI...
A new mathematical solution for predicting char activation reactions
H.H. Rafsanjani, E. Jamshidi, M. Rostam-Abadi
2002, Carbon (40) 1167-1171
The differential conservation equations that describe typical gas-solid reactions, such as activation of coal chars, yield a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations. The solution of these coupled equations by exact analytical methods is impossible. In addition, an approximate or exact solution only provides predictions for either reaction- or...
Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations
Felix Waldhause, William L. Ellsworth
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (107) ESE 3-1-ESE 3-15
The relationship between small-magnitude seismicity and large-scale crustal faulting along the Hayward Fault, California, is investigated using a double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm. We used the DD method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations of the seismicity that occurred between 1967 and 1998. The DD technique incorporates catalog travel time data...
Mid-Holocene hydrologic model of the Shingobee watershed, Minnesota
S.K. Filby, Sharon M. Locke, M.A. Person, T. C. Winter, D.O. Rosenberry, J.L. Nieber, W.J. Gutowski, E. Ito
2002, Quaternary Research (58) 246-254
A hydrologifc model of the Shingobee Watershed in north-central Minnesota was developed to reconstruct mid-Holocene paleo-lake levels for Williams Lake, a surface-water body located in the southern portion of the watershed. Hydrologic parameters for the model were first estimated in a calibration exercise using a 9-yr historical record (1990-1998) of...
Evaluation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 and strain 19 in pronghorn antelope
P.H. Elzer, J. Smith, T. Roffe, T. Kreeger, J. Edwards, D. Davis
2002, Conference Paper, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Free-roaming elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area remain the only wildlife reservoirs for Brucella abortus in the United States, and the large number of animals and a lack of holding facilities make it unreasonable to individually vaccinate each animal. Therefore, oral delivery is being proposed as a possible...
On the relations between cratonic lithosphere thickness, plate motions, and basal drag
I.M. Artemieva, Walter D. Mooney
2002, Tectonophysics (358) 211-231
An overview of seismic, thermal, and petrological evidence on the structure of Precambrian lithosphere suggests that its local maximum thickness is highly variable (140-350 km), with a bimodal distribution for Archean cratons (200-220 km and 300-350 km). We discuss the origin of such large differences in lithospheric thickness, and propose...
Chicago's water market: Dynamics of demand, prices and scarcity rents
V.C. Ipe, S.B. Bhagwat
2002, Applied Economics (34) 2157-2163
Chicago and its suburbs are experiencing an increasing demand for water from a growing population and economy and may experience water scarcity in the near future. The Chicago metropolitan area has nearly depleted its groundwater resources to a point where interstate conflicts with Wisconsin could accompany an increased reliance on...
Processes of lithosphere evolution: New evidence on the structure of the continental crust and uppermost mantle
I.M. Artemieva, Walter D. Mooney, E. Perchuc, H. Thybo
2002, Tectonophysics (358) 1-15
We discuss the structure of the continental lithosphere, its physical properties, and the mechanisms that formed and modified it since the early Archean. The structure of the upper mantle and the crust is derived primarily from global and regional seismic tomography studies of Eurasia and from global and regional data...
Puente Hills blind-thrust system, Los Angeles, California
J.H. Shaw, A. Plesch, J.F. Dolan, T. L. Pratt, P. Fiore
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2946-2960
We describe the three-dimensional geometry and Quaternary slip history of the Puente Hills blind-thrust system (PHT) using seismic reflection profiles, petroleum well data, and precisely located seismicity. The PHT generated the 1987 Whittier Narrows (moment magnitude [Mw] 6.0) earthquake and extends for more than 40 km along strike beneath the...
Diet dynamics of the adult piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA 1995-1997
H. Liao, C.L. Pierce, J. G. Larscheid
2002, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (11) 178-189
Diets of adults of six important piscivorous fish species, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, northern pike Esox lucius, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui, walleye Stizostedion vitreum, and yellow perch Perca flavescens were quantified in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA from May to October in 1995-1997. Forty-one prey taxa were...
Movements of Florida apple snails in relation to water levels and drying events
Philip C. Darby, Robert E. Bennetts, Steven J. Miller, H. Franklin Percival
2002, Wetlands (22) 489-498
Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) apparently have only a limited tolerance to wetland drying events (although little direct evidence exists), but their populations routinely face dry downs under natural and managed water regimes. In this paper, we address speculation that apple snails respond to decreasing water levels and potential drying...
