Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States
D. Schimel, J. Melillo, H. Tian, A. D. McGuire, D. Kicklighter, T. Kittel, N. Rosenbloom, S. Running, P. Thornton, D. Ojima, W. Parton, R. Kelly, M. Sykes, R. Neilson, B. Rizzo
2000, Science (287) 2004-2006
The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land...
Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii
Thierry M. Work, J. Gregory Massey, Bruce A. Rideout, Chris H. Gardiner, David B. Ledig, O. C. H. Kwok, J. P. Dubey
2000, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (36) 205-212
The ‘Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed Toxoplasma gondii infection in five free-ranging ‘Alala. One ‘Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was...
Quantifying urban intensity in drainage basins for assessing stream ecological conditions
G. McMahon, T. F. Cuffney
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 1247-1261
Three investigations are underway, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, to study the relation between varying levels of urban intensity in drainage basins and in-stream water quality, measured by physical, chemical, and biological factors. These studies are being conducted in the vicinities of Boston...
An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States
D. H. Peterson, R. E. Smith, M. D. Dettinger, D.R. Cayan, L. Riddle
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 421-432
Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes)....
Restoring ecological integrity of great rivers: Historical hydrographs aid in defining reference conditions for the Missouri River
D.L. Galat, R. Lipkin
2000, Conference Paper, Hydrobiologia
Restoring the ecological integrity of regulated large rivers necessitates characterizing the natural flow regime. We applied 'Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration' to assess the natural range of variation of the Missouri River's flow regime at 11 locations before (1929-1948) and after (1967-1996) mainstem impoundment. The 3768 km long Missouri River was...
The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada
J. M. Thomas, W.A. McKay, E. Colec, J. E. Landmeyer, P. M. Bradley
2000, Ground Water (38) 605-614
The fate of disinfection byproducts during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is evaluated for aquifers in Southern Nevada. Rapid declines of haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations during ASR, with associated little change in Cl concentration, indicate that HAAs decline primarily by in situ microbial oxidation. Dilution is only a minor contributor...
Selenium concentrations in the Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius): Relationship with flows in the upper Colorado River
B. C. Osmundson, T.W. May, D.B. Osmundson
2000, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (38) 479-485
A Department of the Interior (DOI) irrigation drainwater study of the Uncompahgre Project area and the Grand Valley in western Colorado revealed high selenium concentrations in water, sediment, and biota samples. The lower Gunnison River and the Colorado River in the study area are designated critical habitat for the endangered...
Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes
Art McGarr
2000, Conference Paper, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences
In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors are closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more...
An in vivo model fish system to test chemical effects on sexual differentiation and development: exposure to ethinyl estradiol
Diana M. Papoulias, Douglas B. Noltie, Donald E. Tillitt
2000, Aquatic Toxicology (48) 37-50
A model system was characterized which may be used as an in vivo screen for effects of chemicals or environmental mixtures on sexual differentiation and development of reproductive organs and gametes. We evaluated the effects of a model environmental estrogen, ethinyl estradiol (EE2), on the d-rR strain of medaka, Oryzias...
Use of radioimmunoassay as a screen for antibiotics in confined animal feeding operations and confirmation by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
M. T. Meyer, J.E. Bumgarner, J.L. Varns, J.V. Daughtridge, E.M. Thurman, K.A. Hostetler
2000, Science of Total Environment (248) 181-187
Approximately one-half of the 50 000000 lb of antibiotics produced in the USA are used in agriculture. Because of the intensive use of antibiotics in the management of confined livestock operations, the potential exists for the transport of these compounds and their metabolites into our nation's water resources. A commercially...
A comparison of delta change and downscaled GCM scenarios for three mountainous basins in the United States
L.E. Hay, R.L. Wilby, G.H. Leavesley
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 387-397
Simulated daily precipitation, temperature, and runoff time series were compared in three mountainous basins in the United States: (1) the Animas River basin in Colorado, (2) the East Fork of the Carson River basin in Nevada and California, and (3) the Cle Elum River basin in Washington State. Two methods...
Comparative habitat ecology of Texas and masked bobwhites
F.S. Guthery, N.M. King, K.R. Nolte, W.P. Kuvlesky Jr., S. DeStefano, S.A. Gall, N.J. Silvy
2000, Journal of Wildlife Management (64) 407-420
The habitat ecology of masked bobwhites (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) is poorly understood, which hampers recovery efforts for this endangered bird. During 1994-96, we analyzed the habitat ecology of masked bobwhites in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona, and compared these findings with the habitat ecology of Texas bobwhites (C. v. texanus) in...
Geothermal convection: a mechanism for dolomitization at Enewetak Atoll?
A.M. Wilson, W. Sanford, F. Whitaker, P. Smart
2000, Book, Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Geothermal convection in carbonate platforms could drive massive dolomitization by supplying mass transport of magnesium over long periods and at temperatures high enough to overcome kinetic limitations. Reactive-transport simulations based on Enewetak Atoll show dolomitization in a thin band at a permeability contrast near the base of the platform, which...
A field technique for estimating aquifer parameters using flow log data
Frederick L. Paillet
2000, Ground Water (38) 510-521
A numerical model is used to predict flow along intervals between producing zones in open boreholes for comparison with measurements of borehole flow. The model gives flow under quasi-steady conditions as a function of the transmissivity and hydraulic head in an arbitrary number of zones communicating with each other along...
Changes in herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams in relation to changes in use, 1989-1998
E.A. Scribner, W.A. Battaglin, D. A. Goolsby, E.M. Thurman
2000, Science of Total Environment (248) 255-263
Water samples were collected from Midwestern streams in 1994–1995 and 1998 as part of a study to help determine if changes in herbicide use resulted in changes in herbicide concentrations since a previous reconnaissance study in 1989–1990. Sites were sampled during the first significant runoff period after the application of...
Responses of stable bay-margin and barrier-island systems to Holocene sea-level highstands, western Gulf of Mexico
Robert A. Morton, Jeffrey G. Paine, Michael D. Blum
2000, Journal of Sedimentary Research (70) 478-490
The microtidal, wave-dominated coast of the western Gulf of Mexico displays a variety of Holocene geomorphic features indicating higher-than-present water levels that were previously attributed to storm processes while geoidal sea level was at its present position. Field and aerial-photograph examinations of bay margins, barrier islands, and beach-ridge plains following...
Palynomorphs of Permian Gondwana coal from borehole GDH-38, Barapukuria Coal Basin, Bangladesh
A. Akhtar, R.M. Kosanke
2000, Journal of African Earth Sciences (31) 107-117
Thirty-two core samples of Permian Gondwana coal from three coal beds of borehole GDH-38, Barapukuria Coal Basin, Dinajpur, the north-northwestern part of Bangladesh, have been collected for palynological analysis. All samples except one yielded palynomorphs and some samples contain well-preserved and abundant palynomorphs of the gymnospermal and cryptogamic groups that...
Predation on Corynorhinus townsendii by Rattus rattus
Gary M. Fellers
2000, Southwestern Naturalist (45) 524-527
Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend's big- eared bat) is a rare and declining species. Ex- tensive surveys for the coastal subspecies, C. t. townsendii, in California indicate that only 50% of historic maternity colonies are occu- pied currently (Pierson and Rainey, 1996). Three of the largest maternity colonies occur in Marin...
Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island Region
J.B. Cohen, J.S. Barclay, A.R. Major, J.P. Fisher
2000, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (38) 83-92
Tissues of greater scaup (Aythya marila mariloides) and components of their habitat (sediment, plankton, macroalgae, and invertebrates) were collected for heavy metal analysis in the winter of 1996-97 from US Department of the Interior wildlife refuges in the Long Island region. Geographic and temporal relationships between the concentration of nine...
Pyroclast/snow interactions and thermally driven slurry formation. Part 1: Theory for monodisperse grain beds
J. S. Walder
2000, Bulletin of Volcanology (62) 105-118
Lahars are often produced as pyroclastic flows move over snow. This phenomenon involves a complicated interplay of mechanical and thermal processes that need to be separated to get at the fundamental physics. The thermal physics of pyroclast/snow interactions form the focus of this paper. A theoretical model is developed of...
Aseismic inflation of Westdahl volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry
Z. Lu, Charles Wicks, D. Dzurisin, W. Thatcher, J.T. Freymueller, S.R. McNutt, Dorte Mann
2000, Geophysical Research Letters (27) 1567-1570
Westdahl volcano, located at the west end of Unimak Island in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, Alaska, is a broad shield that produced moderate-sized eruptions in 1964, 1978-79, and 1991-92. Satellite radar interferometry detected about 17 cm of volcano-wide inflation from September 1993 to October 1998. Multiple independent interferograms reveal...
Geochemical evidence for an Eolian sand dam across the North and South Platte rivers in Nebraska
Daniel R. Muhs, James B. Swinehart, David B. Loope, Josh Been, Shannon Mahan, Charles A. Bush
2000, Quaternary Research (53) 214-222
Geochemical and geomorphic data from dune fields in southwestern Nebraska provide new evidence that the Nebraska Sand Hills once migrated across the North and South Platte rivers and dammed the largest tributary system to the Missouri River. The Lincoln County and Imperial dune fields, which lie downwind of the South...
Biogeochemical effects of global change on U.S. National Parks
R. Herrmann, R. Stottlemyer, J.C. Zak, R.L. Edmonds, H. Van Miegroet
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 337-346
Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global-scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long-term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began...
Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens
D.S. Nicholson, R.L. Lochmiller, M.D. Stewart, R.E. Masters, David M. Leslie Jr.
2000, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (36) 308-315
Capture-related mortality has been a notable risk in the handling of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). Our objective was to evaluate how environmental factors influence risk and identify physiological correlates that could be used to identify susceptible birds. During winter (January–March) 1995–97, 130 eastern wild turkey hens were captured...
Predictable interregional movements by female northern pintails during winter
R. R. Cox Jr., A. D. Afton
2000, Waterbirds (23) 258-269
Factors influencing initiation of regional and interregional movements by nonbreeding ducks are poorly understood, especially during winter. During winters 1990-1991 through 1992-1993, we radiotagged 347 female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in southwestern Louisiana and monitored their movements to three regions: (1) the Gulf Coast Region of Louisiana and Texas (outside...
