Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River
J.H. Petersen, D.L. Ward
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 784-801
A bioenergetics model was developed and corroborated for northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an important predator on juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. Predictions of modeled predation rate on salmonids were compared with field data from three areas of John Day Reservoir (Columbia River). To make bioenergetics model estimates of predation...
Miscellaneous bacterial diseases
M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Disease in free-ranging birds is caused by many other pathogenic bacteria in addition to those illustrated within this section. These other diseases are currently considered less important because of their infrequent occurrence, the small numbers of birds generally lost annually, or because they primarily result from infection by opportunistic pathogens...
Mycoplasmosis
M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Mycoplasmosis is caused by infection with a unique group of bacteria that lack cell walls but possess distinctive plasma membranes. Mycoplasma are also the smallest self-replicating life-forms, and they are responsible for a variety of diseases in humans, animals, insects, and plants. These bacteria can cause acute and chronic diseases...
Salmonellosis
Milton Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Avian salmonellosis is caused by a group of bacteria of the genus salmonella. Approximately 2,300 different strains of salmonellae have been identified, and these are placed into groupings called “serovars” on the basis of their antigens or substances that induce immune response by the host, such as the production of...
Reproductive characteristics of migratory golden eagles in Denali National Park, Alaska
Carol L. McIntyre, Layne G. Adams
1999, The Condor (101) 115-123
We describe reproductive characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) breeding in Denali National Park, Alaska during an entire snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle, 1988-1997. Data on nesting eagles were collected at 58 to 72 nesting areas annually using two aerial surveys. Surveys were conducted during the incubation period to determine...
Long-term prairie falcon population changes in relation to prey abundance, weather, land uses, and habitat conditions
Karen Steenhof, Michael N. Kochert, L.B. Carpenter, Robert N. Lehman
1999, The Condor (101) 28-41
We studied a nesting population of Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) from 1974-1997 to identify factors that influence abundance and reproduction. Our sampling period included two major droughts and associated crashes in Townsend's ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii) populations. The number...
Tuberculosis
Milton Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Avian tuberculosis is usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium. At least 20 different types of M. avium have been identified, only three of which are known to cause disease in birds. Other types of Mycobacterium rarely cause tuberculosis in most avian species; however, parrots, macaws, and other large perching...
Butyltin compounds in river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the northwestern United States
K. Kannan, Robert A. Grove, K. Senthilkumar, Charles J. Henny, J. P. Geisy
1999, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (36) 462-468
Butyltin compounds, including mono-, di-, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT) were measured in livers of 40 adult river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected from rivers and coastal bays in Washington and Oregon, USA. Butyltins were found in all the river otters, at a concentration range of 8.5–2,610 ng/g, WW. The...
Temporal variations of water quality and the taxonomic structures of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages in mountain lakes, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington USA
Gary L. Larson, C. D. McIntire, Ruth W. Jacobs, R. Truitt
1999, Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management (15) 148-158
A synoptic inventory of physical and chemical properties and plankton assemblages of 27 mountain lakes was conducted at Mount Rainier National Park in 1988. From 1990–1993, die opportunity was presented to resurvey six of these lakes to determine inter-annual change within die set of characteristics surveyed in 1988....
Clinal variation in the juvenal plumage of American kestrels
J.A. Smallwood, C. Natale, K. Steenhof, M. Meetz, C.D. Marti, R.J. Melvin, G.R. Bortolotti, R. Robertson, S. Robertson, W.R. Shuford, S.A. Lindemann, B. Tornwall
1999, Journal of Field Ornithology (70) 425-435
The American Kestrel(Falco sparverius) is a sexually dichromatic falcon that exhibits considerable individual plumage variability. For example, the anterior extent of the black dorsal barring in juvenile males has been used throughout North America as one of several aging criteria, but recent data demonstrate that the variability among individual Southeastern American Kestrels(E S. paulus)exceeds...
Environmental characteristics associated with the occurrence of avian botulism in wetlands of a northern California refuge
Tonie E. Rocke, Ned H. Euliss Jr., Michael D. Samuel
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 358-368
Avian botulism is an important disease affecting many species of waterbirds in North America, but the environmental conditions that initiate outbreaks are poorly understood. To determine wetland attributes associated with outbreaks of avian botulism in waterbirds at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), California, we compared environmental characteristics between wetlands...
Multiscale habitat associations of the sage sparrow: Implications for conservation biology
J.T. Rotenberry, Steven T. Knick
1999, Studies in Avian Biology (19) 95-103
No abstract available....
Ambystoma gracile (Northwestern Salamander): Predation and cannibalism
Robert L. Hoffman, Gary L. Larson
1999, Herpetological Review (30) 159-159
Lack of information concerning predatory interactions between Ambystoma gracile and Ambystoma macrodactylum (long-toed salamander) larvae, as well as potential cannibalism within A. gracile populations, prompted us to conduct a field experiment to investigate the potential for this inter- and intraspecific predation. This field experiment was conducted at a lake in...
Effects of sample size on kernel home range estimates
D.E. Seaman, J.J. Millspaugh, Brian J. Kernohan, Gary C. Brundige, Kenneth J. Raedeke, Robert A. Gitzen
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 739-747
Kernel methods for estimating home range are being used increasingly in wildlife research, but the effect of sample size on their accuracy is not known. We used computer simulations of 10-200 points/home range and compared accuracy of home range estimates produced by fixed and adaptive kernels with the reference (REF)...
Avian cholera
Milton Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Avian cholera is a contagious disease resulting from infection by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. Several subspecies of bacteria have been proposed for P. multocida, and at least 16 different P. multocida serotypes or characteristics of antigens in bacterial cells that differentiate bacterial variants from each other have been recognized....
Heartworm of swans and geese
Rebecca A. Cole
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Heartworm in swans and geese is caused by a filarial nematode or a roundworm of the superfamily Filarioidea which is transmitted to the bird by a biting louse. The nematode and the louse both are parasites. Sarconema eurycerca is the only one of several species of microfilaria or the first...
Acanthocephaliasis
Rebecca A. Cole
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
The phylum Acanthocephala contains parasitic worms referred to as thorny-headed worms because both the larval and adult parasites have a retractable proboscis or a tubular structure at the head, which has sharp, recurved hooks or spines. Much like the cestodes or tapeworms, they lack digestive tracts and absorb nutrients from...
Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the Midwest US
M. R. Burkart, D.W. Kolpin, D.E. James
1999, Water Science and Technology (39) 103-112
Agrichemicals (herbicides and nitrate) are significant sources of diffuse pollution to groundwater. Indirect methods are needed to assess the potential for groundwater contamination by diffuse sources because groundwater monitoring is too costly to adequately define the geographic extent of contamination at a regional or national scale. This paper presents examples...
Inclusion body disease of cranes
D. E. Docherty
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
In March 1978, a previously unidentified herpesvirus was isolated at the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) from a die-off of captive cranes housed at the International Crane Foundation (ICF) in Baraboo, Wisconsin. Serological testing of this virus against other previously isolated avian herpesviruses does not result in cross-reactions, thereby supporting...
Annotated bibliography
Robert H. Armstrong, Mary F. Willson, Martin D. Robards, John F. Piatt
Martin D. Robards, Mary F. Willson, Robert H. Armstrong, John F. Piatt, editor(s)
1999, Book chapter, Sand lance: A review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography (USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-RP-521)
This bibliography contains over 1,700 published and unpublished references on the family Ammodytidae with an emphasis on the genus Ammodytes. The references are alphabetical by author and then by year of publication.Abstracts and summaries are included for the references we have seen and those provided electronically by others. Abstracts written...
Degassing and microlite crystallization during pre-climactic events of the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines
J.E. Hammer, K. V. Cashman, R. Hoblitt, S. Newman
1999, Bulletin of Volcanology (60) 355-380
Dacite tephras produced by the 1991 pre-climactic eruptive sequence at Mt. Pinatubo display extreme heterogeneity in vesicularity, ranging in clast density from 700 to 2580 kg m-3. Observations of the 13 surge-producing blasts that preceded the climactic plinian event include radar-defined estimates of column heights and seismically defined eruptive and...
Newcastle disease
D. E. Docherty, M. Friend
1999, Information and Technology Report 1999-0001
Newcastle Disease (ND) in domestic poultry is a focus for concern throughout much of the world’s agricultural community because of severe economic losses that have occurred from illness, death, and reduced egg production following infection with pathogenic or disease causing strains. Prior to 1990, this disease had rarely been reported...
Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA
Gary L. Larson, G.A. Lomnicky, Robert Hoffman, W.J. Liss, E. Deimling
1999, Environmental Management (24) 219-228
A basic knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes is needed by management to make informed decisions to protect water resources. In this study we investigated some of the physical and chemical characteristics of 58 lakes in alpine, subalpine, and forest vegetation zones in a natural area (North...
Volcano fixes nitrogen into plant-available forms
B. Huebert, P. Vitousek, J. Sutton, T. Elias, J. Heath, S. Coeppicus, S. Howell, B. Blomquist
1999, Biogeochemistry (47) 111-118
Hawaiian montane ecosystems developing on recent tephra deposits contain more fixed nitrogen than conventional sources can explain. Heath and Huebert (1999) demonstrated that cloud water interception is the mechanism by which this extra nitrogen is deposited, but could not identify its source. We show here that atmospheric dinitrogen is fixed...
N2O emissions from a nitrogen-enriched river
P.B. McMahon, K.F. Dennehy
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 21-25
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the South Platte River in Colorado were measured using closed chambers in the fall, winter, and summer of 1994- 1995. The South Platte River was enriched in inorganic N (9-800 ??M) derived from municipal wastewater effluent and groundwater return flows from irrigated agricultural fields. River...
