Health impacts of domestic coal use in China
R. B. Finkelman, H. E. Belkin, B. Zheng
1999, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Domestic coal combustion has had profound adverse effects on the health of millions of people worldwide. In China alone several hundred million people commonly burn raw coal in unvented stoves that permeate their homes with high levels of toxic metals and organic compounds. At least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province...
Postflood persistence and recolonization of endangered tidewater goby populations
Kevin D. Lafferty, Camm C. Swift, Richard F. Ambrose
1999, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (19) 618-622
Before-and-after surveys at several southern California sites indicated that populations of endangered tidewater goby Eucyclogobius newberryi persisted through heavy flooding in 1995. This was contrary to our expectations that flooding might have led to extirpation in some smaller wetlands. There was also no significant change in tidewater goby density before...
Cambrian-Ordovician boundary strata in the central Midcontinent of North America
Anthony C. Runkel, J.F. Miller, R.M. McKay, T.H. Shaw, D.J. Basset
1999, Conference Paper, Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica
[No abstract available]...
Neogene basins of the northern Rio Grande rift: Partitioning and asymmetry inherited from Laramide and older uplifts
K.S. Kellogg
1999, Tectonophysics (305) 141-152
Three asymmetric Neogene basins in the northern Rio Grande rift of New Mexico and Colorado - the San Luis basin, the upper Arkansas River graben, and the Blue River graben - are tilted toward large flanking normal faults and lie astride the similarly asymmetric Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary (Laramide) San Juan-San...
Synchroneity of the K-T oceanic mass extinction and meteorite impact: Blake Nose, western North Atlantic
R.D. Norris, B.T. Huber, J. Self-Trail
1999, Geology (27) 419-422
A 10-cm-thick layer of green spherules occurs precisely at the biostratigraphic boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene (K-T boundary) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1049 (lat 30°08′N, long 76°06′W). The spherulitic layer contains abundant rock fragments (chalk, limestone, dolomite, chert, mica books, and...
Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, Eastern Kentucky
J.C. Hower, L.F. Ruppert, C.F. Eble
1999, International Journal of Coal Geology (39) 141-153
The Fire Clay coal bed in the Central Appalachian basin region contains a laterally-persistent tonstein that is found in the coal throughout most of its areal extent. The tonstein contains an array of minerals, including sanidine, ??-quartz, anatase and euhedral zircon, thhat constitutes strong evidence for a volcanic origin of...
Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh waves
J. Xia, R. D. Miller, C.B. Park
1999, Geophysics (64) 691-700
The shear‐wave (S-wave) velocity of near‐surface materials (soil, rocks, pavement) and its effect on seismic‐wave propagation are of fundamental interest in many groundwater, engineering, and environmental studies. Rayleigh‐wave phase velocity of a layered‐earth model is a function of frequency and four groups...
Evaluation of AQUI-S(TM) (efficacy and minimum toxic concentration) as a fish anaesthetic/sedative for public aquaculture in the United States
G. R. Stehly, W.H. Gingerich
1999, Aquaculture Research (30) 365-372
A preliminary evaluation of efficacy and minimum toxic concentration of AQUI-S(TM), a fish anaesthetic/sedative, was determined in two size classes of six species of fish important to US public aquaculture (bluegill, channel catfish, lake trout, rainbow trout, walleye and yellow perch). In addition, efficacy and minimum toxic concentration were determined...
A method for nitrate collection for δ15N and δ18O analysis from waters with low nitrate concentrations
Cecily C.Y. Chang, J. Langston, M. Riggs, K. Campbell, S. R. Silva, C. Kendall
1999, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (56) 1856-1864
Recently, methods have been developed to analyze NO3- for δ15N and δ18O, improving our ability to identify NO3- sources and transformations. However, none of the existing methods are suited for waters with low NO3- concentrations (0.7-10 µM). We describe an improved method for collecting and recovering NO3- on exchange columns....
Structural styles of Paleozoic intracratonic fault reactivation: A case study of the Grays Point fault zone in southeastern Missouri, USA
C.W. Clendenin, S. F. Diehl
1999, Tectonophysics (305) 235-248
A pronounced, subparallel set of northeast-striking faults occurs in southeastern Missouri, but little is known about these faults because of poor exposure. The Commerce fault system is the southernmost exposed fault system in this set and has an ancestry related to Reelfoot rift extension. Recent published work indicates that this...
Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption
Robert L. Runkel, Briant A. Kimball, Diane M. McKnight, Kenneth E. Bencala
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 3829-3840
A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as...
Localized sulfate-reducing zones in a coastal plain aquifer
C. J. Brown, J.D. Coates, M.A.A. Schoonen
1999, Ground Water (37) 505-516
High concentrations of dissolved iron in ground water of coastal plain or alluvial aquifers contribute to the biofouling of public supply wells for which treatment and remediation is costly. Many of these aquifers, however, contain zones in which microbial sulfate reduction and the associated...
Florida Bay: A history of recent ecological changes
J.W. Fourqurean, M. B. Robblee
1999, Estuaries (22) 345-357
Florida Bay is a unique subtropical estuary at the southern tip of the Florida peninsula. Recent ecological changes (seagrass die-off, algal blooms, increased turbidity) to the Florida Bay ecosystem have focused the attention of the public, commercial interests, scientists, and resource managers on the factors influencing the structure and function...
The role of adaptive management as an operational approach for resource management agencies
Barry L. Johnson
1999, Conservation Ecology (3)
In making resource management decisions, agencies use a variety of approaches that involve different levels of political concern, historical precedence, data analyses, and evaluation. Traditional decision-making approaches have often failed to achieve objectives for complex problems in large systems, such as the Everglades or the Colorado River. I contend that...
Influence of diameter on particle transport in a fractured shale saprolite
D.H. Cumbie, L.D. McKay
1999, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (37) 139-157
Experiments in an undisturbed, saturated column of weathered and fractured shale saprolite using fluorescent carboxylate-coated latex microspheres as tracers indicate that particle diameter plays a major role in controlling transport. In this study the optimum microsphere diameter for transport was approximately 0.5 ??m. Microspheres larger than the optimum size were...
Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and stepwise multiple linear regression
R.F. Kokaly, R. N. Clark
1999, Remote Sensing of Environment (67) 267-287
We develop a new method for estimating the biochemistry of plant material using spectroscopy. Normalized band depths calculated from the continuum-removed reflectance spectra of dried and ground leaves were used to estimate their concentrations of nitrogen, lignin, and cellulose. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to select wavelengths in the...
Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central Florida Bay: A paleoecological reconstruction using modern analogue data
G. L. Brewster-Wingard, S. E. Ishman
1999, Estuaries (22) 369-383
Understanding the natural spatial and temporal variability that exists within an ecosystem is a critical component of efforts to restore systems to their natural state. Analysis of benthic foraminifers and molluscs from modern monitoring sites within Florida Bay allows us to determine what environmental parameters control spatial and temporal variability...
Prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in juvenile spring chinook salmon at Columbia and Snake river hatcheries, 1993-1996
S. P. VanderKooi, A.G. Maule
1999, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health (11) 162-169
We monitored the prevalence and severity of Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS) infections in juvenile hatchery spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at eight Columbia and Snake river hatcheries from 1993 through 1996. This study followed a prior study that monitored RS in the same hatcheries from 1988 through 1992. In the current...
Geotechnical characteristics and slope stability in the Gulf of Cadiz
H. Lee, J. Baraza
1999, Marine Geology (155) 173-190
Sedimentological and geotechnical analyses of thirty-seven core samples from the Gulf of Cadiz continental margin were used to define the regional variability of sediment properties and to assess slope stability. Considering the sediment property data set as a whole, there is an association between grain size, plasticity and water content....
Liquefaction and soil failure during 1994 Northridge earthquake
T.L. Holzer, Michael J. Bennett, Daniel J. Ponti, John Tinsley
1999, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (125) 438-452
The 1994 Northridge, Calif., earthquake caused widespread permanent ground deformation on the gently sloping alluvial fan surface of the San Fernando Valley. The ground cracks and distributed deformation damaged both pipelines and surface structures. To evaluate the mechanism of soil failure, detailed subsurface investigations were conducted at four sites. Three...
Hydrated salt minerals on Europa's surface from the Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation
T. B. McCord, G. B. Hansen, D. L. Matson, T. V. Johnson, J.K. Crowley, F. P. Fanale, R. W. Carlson, W. D. Smythe, P. D. Martin, C. A. Hibbitts, J. C. Granahan, A. Ocampo
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (104) 11827-11851
We reported evidence of heavily hydrated salt minerals present over large areas of Europa's surface from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) [McCord et al., 1997a, b, 1998a, b]. Here we elaborate on this earlier evidence, present spatial distributions of these minerals,...
Effects of saline drinking water on early gosling development
D. S. Stolley, J.A. Bissonette, J.A. Kadlec, D. Coster
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 990-996
Relatively high levels of saline drinking water may adversely affect the growth, development, and survival of young waterfowl. Saline drinking water was suspect in the low survival rate of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) goslings at Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge (FSNWR) in western Utah. Hence, we investigated the effects of...
Biosafety of parenteral Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine in bison calves
T.J. Roffe, S.C. Olsen, T. Gidlewski, A.E. Jensen, M.V. Palmer, R. Huber
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 950-955
Vaccination is considered among the primary management tools for reducing brucellosis prevalence in Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) ungulates. Before their use, however, vaccine safety and efficacy must be demonstrated. Twenty-seven female bison (Bison bison) calves (approx 5 months old) were vaccinated with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 (1.5 × 1010 colony...
Utility of EXAFS in characterization and speciation of mercury-bearing mine wastes
C.S. Kim, J. J. Rytuba, Gordon E. Brown Jr.
1999, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (6) 648-650
Extensive mining of large mercury deposits located in the California Coast Range has resulted in mercury contamination of both the local environment and water supplies. The solubility, dispersal, and ultimate fate of mercury are all affected by its chemical speciation, which can be most readily determined in a direct fashion...
Boron isotope systematics of tourmaline formation in the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia, Canada
S.-Y. Jiang, M. R. Palmer, J. F. Slack, D.R. Shaw
1999, Chemical Geology (158) 131-144
We report here the results of 54 boron isotope analyses of tourmaline associated with the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The ??11B values range from -11.1 to -2.9???, which is almost as great as the range found worldwide in tourmalines from 33 massive sulfide deposits and...
