The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments
W.E. Dean
1999, Journal of Paleolimnology (21) 375-393
The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and CaCO3 in lake sediments are often inversely related. This relation occurs in surface sediments from different locations in the same lake, surface sediments from different lakes, and with depth in Holocene sediments. Where data on accumulation rates are available, the relation holds for...
Two valuation questions in one survey: Is it a recipe for sequencing and instrument context effects?
K.L. Giraud, J.B. Loomis, Richard L. Johnson
1999, Applied Economics (31) 957-964
Economic theory suggests that willingness to pay for two goods independently offered should remain unchanged when the survey instrument changes slightly. Four survey treatments consisting of comprehensive good and a subset of that good were used. The surveys alternated in the question ordering and in the embedded good which accompanied...
Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers
John M. Buffington, David R. Montgomery
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 3507-3521
Field studies of forest gravel‐bed rivers in northwestern Washington and southeastern Alaska demonstrate that bed‐surface grain size is responsive to hydraulic roughness caused by bank irregularities, bars, and wood debris. We evaluate textural response by comparing reach‐average median grain size (D50) to that predicted from the total...
Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker
P.N. Hooge, M.T. Stanback, Walter D. Koenig
1999, The Auk (116) 45-54
Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) at Hastings Reservation in central California prefer to nest in dead limbs in large, dead valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and California sycamores (Platanus racemosa) that are also frequently used as acorn storage trees. Based on 232 nest cavities used over an 18-year period, we tested whether...
Nasal leeches
Benjamin N. Tuggle
1999, Report, Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds
Bloodsucking leeches of the genus Theromyzon sp. are the only leeches in North America known to feed directly in the nasal passages, trachea, and beneath the nictitating membrane of the eyes of migratory birds. Three species of nasal leeches have been reported from North America, T. rude, T. tessulatum, and...
Organic geochemistry in Pennsylvanian tidally influenced sediments from SW Indiana
Maria Mastalerz, E.P. Kvale, B.A. Stankiewicz, K. Portle
1999, Organic Geochemistry (30) 57-73
Tidal rhythmites are vertically stacked small-scale sedimentary structures that record daily variations in tidal current energy and are known to overlie some low-sulfur coals in the Illinois Basin. Tidal rhythmites from the Pennsylvanian Brazil Formation in Indiana have been analyzed sedimentologically, petrographically, and geochemically in order to understand the character...
Algal toxins
Lynn H. Creekmore
1999, Report, Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds
Periodic blooms of algae, including true algae, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria or blue-green algae have been reported in marine and freshwater bodies throughout the world. Although many blooms are merely an aesthetic nuisance, some species of algae produce toxins that kill fish, shellfish, humans, livestock and wildlife. Pigmented blooms of toxinproducing...
Pennsylvanian carbonate buildups, Paradox basin: Increasing reserves in heterogeneous, shallow-shelf reservoirs
Scott L. Montgomery, Thomas Chidsey, D. E. Eby, D. M. Lorenz, W. E. Culham
1999, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (83) 193-210
Productive carbonate buildups of Pennsylvanian age in the southern Paradox basin, Utah, contain up to 200 million bbl remaining oil potentially recoverable by enhanced recovery methods. These buildups comprise over 100 satellite fields to the giant Greater Aneth field, where secondary recovery operations thus far have been concentrated. Several types...
Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Global pattern and differentiation by major biomes
D. W. Kicklighter, A. Bondeau, A. L. Schloss, J. Kaduk, A. D. McGuire
1999, Global Change Biology (5) 16-24
Annual and seasonal net primary productivity estimates (NPP) of 15 global models across latitudinal zones and biomes are compared. The models simulated NPP for contemporary climate using common, spatially explicit data sets for climate, soil texture, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Differences among NPP estimates varied over space and...
Late 20th century increase in South Pole snow accumulation
E. Mosley-Thompson, J.F. Paskievitch, A. J. Gow, L.G. Thompson
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (104) 3877-3886
A compilation of the 37-year history of net accumulation at the South Pole [Mosley-Thompson et al., 1995] suggests an increase in net annual accumulation since 1965. This record is sporadic and its quality is compromised by spatially restricted observations and nonsystematic measurement procedures. Results from a new, spatially extensive network...
Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands
K.L. Leddy, K.F. Higgins, D.E. Naugle
1999, The Wilson Bulletin (111) 100-104
Grassland passerines were surveyed during summer 1995 on the Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area in southwestern Minnesota to determine the relative influence of wind turbines on overall densities of upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands. Birds were surveyed along 40 m fixed width transects that were placed...
Groundwater formation of martian valleys
M. C. Malin, M. H. Carr
1999, Nature (397) 589-591
The martian surface shows large outflow channels, widely accepted as having been formed by gigantic floods that could have occurred under climatic conditions like those seen today. Also present are branching valley networks that commonly have tributaries. These valleys are much smaller than the outflow channels and their origins and...
Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in mediterranean and non-mediterranean climate ecosystems
M.E. Carrington, Jon E. Keeley
1999, Journal of Ecology (87) 1025-1036
I Both fire regimes and the conditions under which fires occur vary widely. Abiotic conditions (such as climate) in combination with fire season, frequency and intensity could influence vegetation responses to fire. A variety of adaptations facilitate post-fire recruitment in mediterranean climate ecosystems, but responses of other communities are less...
Design-based and model-based inference in surveys of freshwater mollusks
R.M. Dorazio
1999, Journal of the North American Benthological Society (18) 118-131
Well-known concepts in statistical inference and sampling theory are used to develop recommendations for planning and analyzing the results of quantitative surveys of freshwater mollusks. Two methods of inference commonly used in survey sampling (design-based and model-based) are described and illustrated using...
Early evolution of a stratospheric volcanic eruption cloud as observed with TOMS and AVHRR
D.J. Schneider, William I. Rose Jr., L.R. Coke, G.J.S. Bluth, I.E. Sprod, A.J. Krueger
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (104) 4037-4050
This paper is a detailed study of remote sensing data from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite detectors, of the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, Mexico. The volcanic cloud/atmosphere interactions in the first four days of this eruption were investigated by...
Application of geologic map information to water quality issues in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Maryland and Virginia, eastern United States
L. McCartan, J. D. Peper, L. J. Bachman, J. Wright Horton Jr.
1999, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (64) 355-376
Geologic map units contain much information about the mineralogy, chemistry, and physical attributes of the rocks mapped. This paper presents information from regional-scale geologic maps in Maryland and Virginia, which are in the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the eastern United States. The geologic map information is...
Evaluation of prediction intervals for expressing uncertainties in groundwater flow model predictions
Steen Christensen, Richard L. Cooley
1999, Water Resources Research (35) 2627-2639
We tested the accuracy of 95% individual prediction intervals for hydraulic heads, streamflow gains, and effective transmissivities computed by groundwater models of two Danish aquifers. To compute the intervals, we assumed that each predicted value can be written as the sum of a computed dependent variable and a random error....
Mycotoxins
Lynn H. Creekmore
1999, Report, Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by molds (fungi) that, when they are ingested, can cause diseases called mycotoxicosis. These diseases are are not infectious. The effects on the animal are caused by fungal toxins in foods ingested, usually grains, and are not caused by infection with the fungus. Many different molds...
Chronology of polyphase extension in the Windermere Hills, northeast Nevada
K.J. Mueller, P.K. Cerveny, M. E. Perkins, L.W. Snee
1999, Geological Society of America Bulletin (111) 11-27
Fission-track and 40Ar/39Ar dating and chemical correlation of volcanic strata exposed in the Windermere Hills and northern Pequop Mountains, northeast Nevada, indicate a protracted, polyphase history of Tertiary (late Eocene–late Miocene) extension along the northern margin of a major Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. Early...
The economic value of Trinity River water
A. J. Douglas, J. G. Taylor
1999, International Journal of Water Resources Development (15) 309-322
The Trinity River, largest tributary of the Klamath River, has its head-waters in the Trinity Alps of north-central California. After the construction of Trinity Dam in 1963, 90% of the Trinity River flow at Lewiston was moved to the Sacramento River via the Clear Creek Tunnel, a manmade conduit. Hydropower...
An evaluation of parturition indices in fishers
H.C. Frost, E.C. York, W.B. Krohn, K.D. Elowe, T.A. Decker, S.M. Powell, T.K. Fuller
1999, Wildlife Society Bulletin (27) 221-230
Fishers (Martes pennanti) are important forest carnivores and furbearers that are susceptible to overharvest. Traditional indices used to monitor fisher populations typically overestimate litter size and proportion of females that give birth. We evaluated the usefulness of 2 indices of reproduction to determine proportion of female fishers that gave birth...
Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California
F. J. Tepley III, J.P. Davidson, M.A. Clynne
1999, Journal of Petrology (40) 787-806
The silicic lava domes of Chaos Crags in Lassen Volcanic National Park contain a suite of variably quenched, hybrid basaltic andesite magmatic inclusions. The inclusions represent thorough mixing between rhyodacite and basalt recharge liquids accompanied by some mechanical disaggregation of the inclusions resulting in crystals mixing into the rhyodacite host...
A record of hydrocarbon input to San Francisco Bay as traced by biomarker profiles in surface sediment and sediment cores
F. D. Hostettler, W. E. Pereira, K.A. Kvenvolden, A. VanGeen, S. N. Luoma, C. C. Fuller, R. Anima
1999, Marine Chemistry (64) 115-127
San Francisco Bay is one of the world's largest urbanized estuarine systems. Its water and sediment receive organic input from a wide variety of sources; much of this organic material is anthropogenically derived. To document the spatial and historical record of the organic contaminant input, surficial sediment from 17 sites...
Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater
C.T. Nietch, J. T. Morris, D.A. Vroblesky
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 2899-2904
Wetland vegetation may be useful in the remediation of shallow contaminated aquifers. Mesocosm experiments were conducted to describe the regulatory mechanisms affecting trichloroethene (TCE) removal rates from groundwater by flood-adapted wetland trees at a contaminated site. TCE flux through baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L) Rich] seedlings grown in glass- carboys decreased...
Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA
Ronald J. Litwin, Joseph P. Smoot, Nancy J. Durika, George I. Smith
1999, Quaternary Science Reviews (18) 1151-1171
We constructed a radiometrically calibrated proxy record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change exceeding 230,000 yr duration, using pollen profiles from two cores taken through age-equivalent dry lakes - one core having greater age control (via 230Th alpha mass-spectrometry) and the other having greater stratigraphic completeness. The better dated...
