Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, USA
Kathryn E. Watts, Allen K. Andersen
2025, American Mineralogist
Economic concentrations of rare earth element (REE) minerals are uncommon in the Earth’s crust, with most occurring in carbonatites. Unlike most igneous rocks composed of silicate minerals, carbonatites are dominated by carbonate minerals, some of which can incorporate significant light REEs (LREEs; La, Ce, Pr, Nd). Technological applications of REEs...
Network of networks: Time series clustering of AmeriFlux sites
David E. Reed, Housen Chu, Brad G. Peter, Jiquan Chen, Michael Abraha, Brian Amiro, Ray G. Anderson, M. Altaf Arain, Paulo Arruda, Greg A. Barron-Gafford, Carl Bernacchi, Daniel P. Beverly, Sebastien C. Biraud, T. Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Gil Bohrer, Rebecca Bowler, David R. Bowling, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Mario Bretfeld, Nathaniel A. Brunsell, Stephen H. Bullock, Gerardo Celis, Xingyuan Chen, Aimee T. Classen, David R. Cook, Alejandro Cueva, Higo J. Dalmagro, Kenneth J. Davis, Ankur Desai, Alison J. Duff, Allison L. Dunn, David Durden, Colin W. Edgar, Eugenie Euskirchen, Rosvel Bracho, Brent E. Ewers, Lawrence B. Flanagan, Christopher R. Florian, Vanessa Foord, Inke Forbrich, Brandon R. Forsythe, John Frank, Jaime Garatuza-Payan, Sarah Goslee, Christopher M. Gough, Mark B. Green, Timothy Griffis, Manuel Helbig, Andrew C. Hill, Ross Hinkle, Jason Horne, Elyn Humphreys, Hiroki Ikawa, Go Iwahana, Rachhpal Jassal, Bruce K. Johnson, Mark Johnson, Steven A. Kannenberg, Eric Kelsey, John King, John F. Knowles, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Thomas Kolb, Randy Kolka, Ken Krauss, Lars Kutzbach, Brian T. Lamb, Beverly E. Law, Sung-Ching Lee, Xuhui Lee, Heping Liu, Henry W. Loescher, Sparkle L. Malone, Roser Matamala, Marguerite Mauritz, Stefan Metzger, Gesa Meyer, Bhaskar Mitra, J. William Munger, Zoran Nesic, Asko Noormets, Thomas L. O'Halloran, Patrick T. O'Keeffe, Steven F. Oberbauer, Walter Oechel, Patty Oikawa, Paulo C. Olivas, Andrew Ouimette, Gilberto Pastorello, Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, Claire Phillips, Gabriela Posse, Bo Qu, William L. Quinton, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, Valentin Picasso, Adrian V. Rocha, Julio C. Rodriguez, Roel Ruzol, Scott Saleska, Russell L. Scott, Adam P. Schreiner-McGraw, Edward A.G. Schuur, Maria Silveira, Oliver Sonnentag, David L. Spittlehouse, Ralf Staebler, Gregory Starr, Christina Staudhammer, Chris Still, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Andy Suyker, David Trejo, Masahito Ueyama, Rodrigo Vargas, Brian Viner, Enrique R. Vivoni, Dong Wang, Eric J. Ward, Susanne Wiesner, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, David Yannick, Enrico A. Yepez, Terenzio Zenone, Junbin Zhao, Donatella Zona
2025, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (372)
Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We...
Quantitative evaluations of earthquake early warning performance using “Did You Feel It?” and post-alert surveys
Jessie K. Saunders, David J. Wald
2025, The Seismic Record (5) 239-249
We examine responses to the U.S. Geological Survey’s “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) survey and its companion earthquake early warning (EEW) questionnaire to assess the performance of the U.S. ShakeAlert EEW system directly from the alert recipients’ perspectives. ShakeAlert rapidly detects earthquakes and develops alert information, but as official alert...
Spatiotemporal drivers of water quality and phytoplankton communities in a cyanobacteria-dominated reservoir provide management insights
Linnea A. Rock, William W. Fetzer, Lindsay Patterson, Samuel J. Sillen, Ron Steg, Annika W. Walters, Sarah M. Collins
2025, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (197)
Reservoirs serve critical roles providing drinking water, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, recreation, fisheries, and aquatic habitat. Yet their physical position, complex shape, and large watersheds make reservoirs especially susceptible to eutrophication and harmful algal bloom (HAB) production. Boysen Reservoir, WY, is a high priority for proactive nutrient management because it...
Comparing SMART and ELECTRE methods for multi-criteria decision analysis: A case study evaluating conservation strategies
David M. Martin, David R. Smith
2025, Environmental and Sustainability Indicators (27)
Tradeoffs are part of the inherent challenge of making decisions. Defaulting to a prevalent method can mask methodological variation and potential improvement in decision quality. We applied and compared methods for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in real-world environmental planning. Decision makers at a global conservation organization formed teams to review...
Select elements of concern in surface water of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River, Illinois River, and Upper Colorado River)—Data screening for the development of spatial and temporal models
Mark C. Marvin-DiPasquale, R. Blaine McCleskey, Samantha L. Sullivan, Jonathan Casey Root, Serena M. Seawolf, Katherine M. Ransom, Susan Wherry, Evangelos Kakouros, Shaun Baesman
2025, Open-File Report 2025-1033
The report focuses on the screening of previously published concentration data associated with 12 elements of concern (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, lead, selenium, uranium, and zinc) measured in stream surface waters of three hydrologic basins (Delaware River Basin, Illinois River Basin, and the Upper Colorado River...
Widespread thiamine deficiency in California salmon linked to an anchovy-dominated marine prey base
Nate Mantua, Heather M. Bell, Anne E. Todgham, Miles E. Daniels, Jacques Rinchard, Jarrod R. Ludwig, John Field, Steven T Lindley, Freya Elizabeth Rowland, Catherine A. Richter, David Walters, Bruce P. Finney, Anne R. Distajo Haskell, Donald Tillitt, Dale C. Honeyfield, Taylor N. Lipscomb, Kevin Kwak, Jason Kindopp, Dennis E. Cocherell, Abigail Ward, Thomas H. Williams, Jeff Harding, Nann A. Fangue, Carson Jeffres, Rocio Iliana Ruiz-Cooley, Steven Litvin, Scott Foott, Mark Adkison, Brett Kormos, Peggy Harte, Frederick S. Colwell, Christopher P. Suffridge, Kelly Shannon, Amanda Cranford, Charlotte Ambrose, Aimee N. Reed, Rachel C. Johnson
2025, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (122)
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in marine systems is a globally significant threat to marine life. In 2020, newly hatched Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fry in California’s Central Valley (CCV) hatcheries swam in corkscrew patterns and died at unusually high rates due to a lack of this essential vitamin. We subsequently...
Effects of total suspended solids on photomineralization of dissolved organic matter in the Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada
Wayana Dolan, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Julianne Davis, Nathan LaFramboise, Catherine Polik, Rose Cory
2025, JGR Biogeosciences (130)
Northern deltas receive chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from their watersheds, which can be oxidized to carbon dioxide upon absorption of sunlight (i.e., photomineralized). These deltas also receive total suspended solids (TSS), which may shade sunlight absorption by CDOM, thus limiting photomineralization. To quantify this interaction for the first time,...
Urban trees and cooling: A review of the recent literature (2018 to 2024)
Michael Alonzo, Peter Christian Ibsen, Dexter Locke
2025, Arboriculture and Urban Forestry (51)
Urban trees mitigate extreme heat through shading and evapotranspiration, but cooling effectiveness varies with tree traits, spatial configurations, and climate. This systematic mapping review synthesizes findings from 115 studies (2018 to 2024) using RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) protocols. Studies were categorized based on geographic location, climate zone,...
Automated methods for processing camera trap video data for distance sampling
Trevor Bak, Richard J. Camp, Matthew D. Burt, Scott Vogt
2025, Pacific Conservation Biology (31)
ContextPopulation monitoring is an essential need for tracking biodiversity and judging efficacy of conservation management actions, both globally and in the Pacific. However, population monitoring efforts are often temporally inconsistent and limited to small scales. Motion-activated cameras (‘camera traps’) offer a way to cost-effectively monitor populations, but they also generate large...
Dynamic environments generate geographic fluctuations in population structure of an inland shorebird
Andrea Contina, Scott W. Yanco, Allison K. Pierce, Hanna B. Vander Zanden, Craig A. Stricker, Gabriel J. Bowen, Michael B. Wunder
2025, Ecosphere (16)
Species distributions depend on fine-scale ecological processes and population growth trajectories and are influenced by climate and weather changes. However, the characterization of inter-population dynamics underlying the geographic distributions of migratory organisms remains challenging. We adopted a stable isotope approach to investigate the dynamic population geography of a terrestrial migratory...
Leveraging wildfire to augment forest management and amplify forest resilience
Kristen I. Shive, Clarke Alexandra Knight, Zachary L Steel, Charlotte K. Stanley, Kristen N. Wilson
2025, Ecosphere (16)
Successive catastrophic wildfire seasons in western North America have escalated the urgency around reducing fire risk to communities and ecosystems. In historically frequent-fire forests, fuel buildup as a result of fire exclusion is contributing to increased fire severity. The probability of high-severity fire can be reduced by active forest management...
Seasonal rotation of California pocket beaches
Jonathan A. Warrick, Daniel D. Buscombe, Kilian Vos, Andrew C. Ritchie, Bob Battalio
2025, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (50)
Pocket beaches are short, headland-bound coastal landforms that may exhibit shoreline rotation in response to time-varying wave conditions. Here we examine the presence, location and style of pocket beach rotation along the 1700 km coast of California using a comprehensive 22-year satellite-derived shoreline dataset. These analyses identify 23 pocket beaches that...
A method to obtain remotely sensed grain size distributions from nonplanar granular deposits
Hayden L. Jacobson, Gabriel Walton, Katherine R. Barnhart, Francis K. Rengers
2025, Earth and Space Science (12)
Constraining the grain size distribution of granular deposits with complex surfaces is difficult with existing approaches. Field and laboratory techniques are time consuming and limited by the maximum grain size that laboratories can accommodate. In this study, we present a new method to identify the coarse fraction of the grain...
A northeast-dipping zone of low frequency earthquakes at the southern edge of Cascadia subduction
David R. Shelly, Dara Elyse Goldberg, Aaron Wech, Amanda Thomas
2025, Geophysical Research Letters (52)
Tectonic tremor monitoring occasionally detects events in an anomalous zone in southern Cascadia, 50–100 km west of the main tremor band, near the expected southern edge of the subducting Gorda slab at the Mendocino triple junction. To investigate the geometry and temporal behavior of this tremor, we examine its constituent low-frequency...
Beak deformities in Buteo jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk) signal possible emergence of avian keratin disorder among raptors
Caroline R. Van Hemert, Colleen M. Handel, Susan Cottrell, Danielle Elizabeth Gerik, Robert J. Bildfell
2025, Ornithology (142)
Beginning in the late 1990s, an unusual cluster of beak deformities was observed among Buteo jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk) in the Pacific coastal region of North America. However, information was not available to determine the scope of this problem nor to assess a potential link between beak deformities in hawks and avian keratin...
Impact of gas/liquid phase change of CO2 during injection for sequestration
M. Karimi, Elizabeth S. Cochran, Mehrdad Massoudi, Noel Walkington, Matteo Pozzi, Kaushik Dayal
2025, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids (203)
CO2 sequestration in deep saline formations is an effective and important process to control the rapid rise in CO2 emissions. The process of injecting CO2 requires reliable predictions of the stress in the formation and the fluid pressure distributions – particularly since monitoring of the CO2 migration is difficult –...
Multiscale framework for assessing land cover change on barrier islands from extreme storms and restoration
Nicholas Enwright, P. Soupy Dalyander, Casey M. Stuht, Minoo Han, Margaret L. Palmsten, Theresa M. Davenport, Christopher J. Kingwill, Gregory Steyer, Megan La Peyre
2025, Journal of Coastal Research (41) 1029-1042
Often found along the estuarine-marine interface, barrier islands and mainland coastal zones are shaped by tides, currents, extreme storms, and relative sea-level rise. These systems provide ecosystem services such as storm surge and wave attenuation, erosion protection to inland areas, habitat for fish and wildlife, recreation, and tourism. Given the...
Numerical simulation of sound-side barrier-island inundation and breaching during Hurricane Dorian (2019)
John C. Warner, Christopher R. Sherwood, Christie A. Hegermiller, Zafer Defne, Joseph B. Zambon, Ruoying He, George Xue, Daoyang Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Melissa Moulton
2025, JGR Earth Surface (130)
Hurricane-induced morphological changes and associated community hazards along sandy, barrier-island coastlines have been studied primarily from the perspective of ocean-side attack by storm-driven ocean surge and large waves. Thus, our understanding of long-term barrier island morphological change focuses on beach erosion, overwash, and inlet formation. In contrast, outwash events with...
A coral core archive designed for transparency and accessibility
Avi Strange, Oliwia Jasnos, Lauren Toth, Nancy G. Prouty, Thomas M. DeCarlo
2025, Eos, American Geophysical Union
No abstract available. ...
Effects of nest exclosure on nest and adult survival of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) in the lower Platte River System, Nebraska
Elsa M. Forsberg, Joel G. Jorgensen, Rose J. Swift, Larkin A. Powell, Mark P. Vrtiska
2025, Waterbirds (48) 1-11
Conservation of imperiled species often includes management strategies intended to improve specific vital rates. However, some management practices can have unforeseen consequences that negate the intended benefit. For example, nest exclosures are often used for ground-nesting avian species to reduce nest predation but may increase depredation of adults. Tradeoffs between...
Disparate groundwater responses to wildfire
Michelle A. Walvoord, Brian A. Ebel, Trevor Fuess Partridge, David M. Rey, D.O. Rosenberry
2025, WIREs Water (12)
Post-wildfire investigations of groundwater response reveal a range of outcomes, varying from substantial increases to notable decreases in recharge and baseflow, with some studies indicating negligible or short-lived effects. This review assesses these varied responses within five critical categories: climate, vegetation, hydrogeology, fire characteristics, and the cryosphere, examining both short-term...
Public supply water delivery analysis and estimation for the conterminous United States
Joshua Larsen, Ayman H. Alzraiee, Richard G. Niswonger, Donald Martin, Cheryl A. Buchwald, Cheryl A. Dieter, Carol L. Luukkonen, Jana S. Stewart, Scott Paulinski, Lisa D. Miller, Natalie Houston
2025, Water Resources Research (61)
Public supply water withdrawals represent 14% of all withdrawals in the conterminous United States (CONUS), supplying approximately 87% of the population with fresh water. Deliveries for public water supply are crucial for associating water use amounts with populations because they often differ from total withdrawals due to wholesales, transfers, losses,...
Rapid emplacement of the Keaiwa Lava Flow of 1823 from the Great Crack in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano
Andrea Tonato, Thomas Shea, Drew T. Downs, Karim Kelfoun
2025, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (466)
The Keaīwa Lava Flow of 1823 in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano is unusual for its expansive pāhoehoe sheet flow morphology and lack of constructive vent topography, despite having a similar tholeiitic basalt composition to other lavas erupted from Kīlauea. This lava flow issued from a ∼10-km-long continuous fissure...
Expression of corticoid-regulatory genes in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt and during salinity acclimation
Makoto Kusakabe, Takashi Yada, Graham Young, Amy M. Regish, Stephen D. McCormick
2025, Journal of Fish Biology
In teleost fishes, cortisol is the major corticoid and has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions. However, how fish tissues discriminate between these distinct corticosteroid actions is unclear. In mammals, the major factors responsible for intracellular corticosteroid regulation are glucocorticoid receptors (grs) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr), but their role in...
