Long-term changes in consentrations and flux fo nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin, USA
D. A. Goolsby, W.A. Battaglin
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1209-1226
Current and historical data show that nitrogen concentrations and flux in the Mississippi River Basin have increased significantly during the past 100 years. Most of the increase observed in the lower Mississippi River has occurred since the early 1970s and is due almost entirely to an increase in nitrate. The...
Chemical and optical changes in freshwater dissolved organic matter exposed to solar radiation
C.L. Osburn, D.P. Morris, K. A. Thorn, R.E. Moeller
2001, Biogeochemistry (54) 251-278
We studied the chemical and optical changes inthe dissolved organic matter (DOM) from twofreshwater lakes and a Sphagnum bog afterexposure to solar radiation. Stable carbonisotopes and solid-state 13C-NMR spectraof DOM were used together with optical andchemical data to interpret results fromexperimental exposures of DOM to sunlight andfrom seasonal observations of...
Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River: A large river in Oregon, USA
S.R. Hinkle, J.H. Duff, F.J. Triska, A. Laenen, E.B. Gates, K.E. Bencala, D.A. Wentz, S. R. Silva
2001, Journal of Hydrology (244) 157-180
Several approaches were used to characterize ground water/surface water interactions near the Willamette River - A large (ninth order) river in Oregon, USA. A series of potentiometric surface maps demonstrated the presence of highly dynamic hydraulic gradients between rivers and the adjacent aquifer. Hyporheic zone gradients extended on the order...
Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida
C.C. Jacono
2001, SIDA, Contributions to Botany (19) 1163-1170
A non-native species of Scleria, S. lacustris is reported from six counties and three major hydrologic regions in Florida. Biogeography and habitat in Florida are addressed. A description, key features and illustration are presented....
Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations
B.A. Bekins, I.M. Cozzarelli, E.M. Godsy, E. Warren, H.I. Essaid, M.E. Tuccillo
2001, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (53) 387-406
A multidisciplinary study of a crude-oil contaminated aquifer shows that the distribution of microbial physiologic types is strongly controlled by the aquifer properties and crude oil location. The microbial populations of four physiologic types were analyzed together with permeability, pore-water chemistry, nonaqueous oil content, and extractable sediment iron. Microbial data...
Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98
William A. Battaglin, Carol Kendall, Cecily C.Y. Chang, Steven R. Silva, K. Campbell
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1285-1300
Nitrate (NO3) and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO3 delivered by the...
Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick, J.J. Smith
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1107-1132
In 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux-based water-quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to...
Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications
Maria Mastalerz, C. Souch, G. M. Filippelli, N.L. Dollar, S.M. Perkins
2001, International Journal of Coal Geology (46) 157-177
Cores from the Great Marsh area of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore were examined in order to document variations in concentration, type and size of anthropogenic organic matter (AnOM-coal, coke, etc.) and discuss their relationship to the concentration of such trace elements as Pb, Zn, and Mn in the near-surface...
Methanogenic biodegradation of charcoal production wastes in groundwater at Kingsford, Michigan, USA
Godsy E. Michael, E. Warren, D.B. Westjohn
2001, IAHS-AISH Publication 303-310
A house exploded in the City of Kingsford, Michigan USA. The explosion was caused by CH4 that leaked into the basement from the surrounding soil. Evidence suggests that biodegradation of products from the distillation and spillage at or near a former wood carbonization plant site was the major source of...
Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin
F. A. Fitzpatrick, B. C. Scudder, B. N. Lenz, D. J. Sullivan
2001, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (37) 1489-1507
The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin to determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and...
Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades
Michael M. Reddy, George Aiken
2001, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (132) 89-104
Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent...
Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA
J. G. Elliott, R. S. Parker
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 3039-3051
Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicate floods that occur soon after forest fires have been intermittent but common events in many mountainous areas during the past several thousand years. The magnitude and recurrence of these post-fire flood events reflects the joint probability between the recurrence of fires and the recurrence of...
Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA
J.K. Sueker, D. W. Clow, J. N. Ryan, R.D. Jarrett
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 2749-2769
Alpine/subalpine basins may exhibit substantial variability in solute fluxes despite many apparent similarities in basin characteristics. An evaluation of controls on spatial patterns in solute fluxes may allow development of predictive tools for assessing basin sensitivity to outside perturbations such as climate change or deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Relationships between...
Delineating a recharge area for a spring using numerical modeling, Monte Carlo techniques, and geochemical investigation
R. J. Hunt, J. J. Steuer, M.T.C. Mansor, T.D. Bullen
2001, Ground Water (39) 702-712
Recharge areas of spring systems can be hard to identify, but they can be critically important for protection of a spring resource. A recharge area for a spring complex in southern Wisconsin was delineated using a variety of complementary techniques. A telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) model was constructed from an...
Predictions of hydrothermal alteration within near-ridge oceanic crust from coordinated geochemical and fluid flow models
L.R. Wetzel, Jeff P. Raffensperger, E.L. Shock
2001, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (110) 319-342
Coordinated geochemical and hydrological calculations guide our understanding of the composition, fluid flow patterns, and thermal structure of near-ridge oceanic crust. The case study presented here illustrates geochemical and thermal changes taking place as oceanic crust ages from 0.2 to 1.0 Myr. Using a finite element code, we model fluid...
Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996
Brian A. Bergamaschi, Kathryn Kuivila, Miranda S. Fram
2001, Estuaries (24) 368-380
Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide...
Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range
John A. Moody, Deborah A. Martin
2001, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (26) 1049-1070
A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval...
Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations
P. L. Verplanck, Ronald C. Antweiler, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Howard E. Taylor
2001, Applied Geochemistry (16) 231-244
Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb,...
Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters
P. D. Capel, S.J. Larson
2001, Environmental Science & Technology (35) 648-657
Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff...
Applicability of NASQAN data for ecosystem assessments on the Missouri River
Dale W. Blevins, James Fairchild
2001, Hydrological Processes (15) 1347-1362
The effectiveness of ecological restoration efforts on large developed rivers is often unknown because comprehensive ecological monitoring programs are often absent. Although Eulerian water-quality monitoring programs, such as the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) program, are more common, they are usually not designed for ecological assessment. Therefore, this paper...
Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient
J.L. Carter, S.V. Fend
2001, Hydrobiologia (459) 187-200
The inter-annual variation in the structure of the benthic community of riffles and pools was evaluated in contrasting geomorphic settings. The community structure of riffles and pools was a function of habitat, reach gradient, and discharge and was taxon specific. In years of below average peak discharge, riffles had higher...
Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments
J.M. Holloway, R.A. Dahlgren
2001, Journal of Hydrology (250) 106-121
Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into...
Simulated limnological effects of the Shasta Lake temperature control device
J. Bartholow, R.B. Hanna, L. Saito, D. Lieberman, M. Horn
2001, Environmental Management (27) 609-626
We estimated the effects of a temperature control device (TCD) on a suite of thermodynamic and limnological attributes for a large storage reservoir, Shasta Lake, in northern California. Shasta Dam was constructed in 1945 with a fixed-elevation penstock. The TCD was installed in 1997 to improve downstream temperatures for endangered...
Erosion and sediment delivery following removal of forest roads
Mary Ann Madej
2001, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (26) 175-190
Erosion control treatments were applied to abandoned logging roads in California, with the goal of reducing road-related sediment input to streams and restoring natural hydrologic patterns on the landscape. Treatment of stream crossings involved excavating culverts and associated road fill and reshaping streambanks. A variety of techniques were applied to...
Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA
A.M. Haywood, P.J. Valdes, B.W. Sellwood, J.O. Kaplan, H.J. Dowsett
2001, Palaeontologia Electronica (4)
The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ??...
